{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T13:44:33Z","timestamp":1773236673927,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gut"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Background and aims:<\/jats:bold>\n                    When saliva, with its high nitrite content derived from the enterosalivary recirculation of dietary nitrate, meets acidic gastric juice, the nitrite is converted to nitrous acid, nitrosative species, and nitric oxide. In healthy volunteers this potentially mutagenic chemistry is focused at the gastric cardia. We have studied the location of this luminal chemistry in Barrett\u2019s patients during acid reflux.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Ten Barrett\u2019s patients were studied before and after administration of 2 mmol nitrate. Using microdialysis probes we measured nitrite, ascorbic acid, total vitamin C, and thiocyanate concentrations and pH simultaneously in the proximal oesophagus, Barrett\u2019s segment, hiatal sac, proximal stomach, and distal stomach. In a subgroup, real time nitric oxide concentrations were also measured.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n                    During acid reflux, Barrett\u2019s segment was the anatomical site with maximal potential for acid catalysed nitrosation, with its median concentration of nitrite exceeding that of ascorbic acid in two of 10 subjects before nitrate and in four of nine after nitrate. Thiocyanate, which catalyses acid nitrosation, was abundant at all anatomical sites. On entering the acidic Barrett\u2019s segment, there was a substantial fall in nitrite and the lowest ascorbic acid to total vitamin C ratio, indicative of reduction of salivary nitrite to nitric oxide at this anatomical site. Episodes of acid reflux were observed to generate nitric oxide concentrations of up to 60 \u03bcM within the Barrett\u2019s segment.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold>\n                    The interaction between acidic gastric refluxate and nitrite rich saliva activates potentially mutagenic luminal nitrosative chemistry within Barrett\u2019s oesophagus.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2005.066043","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,10,14]],"date-time":"2005-10-14T11:03:08Z","timestamp":1129287788000},"page":"1527-1535","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":77,"title":["Nitrate and nitrosative chemistry within Barrett\u2019s oesophagus during acid reflux"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"H","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K","family":"Iijima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G","family":"Scobie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"V","family":"Fyfe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K E L","family":"McColl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,10,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025090722403795000_54.11.1527.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/29.4.645"},{"key":"2025090722403795000_54.11.1527.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-8588(03)00020-0"},{"key":"2025090722403795000_54.11.1527.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199903183401101"},{"key":"2025090722403795000_54.11.1527.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-6915(84)90116-9"},{"key":"2025090722403795000_54.11.1527.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Granli T, Dahl R, Brodin P, et al. 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