{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T16:45:17Z","timestamp":1773420317663,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gut"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold> Oesophageal acid infusion induces enhanced pain hypersensitivity in non-acid exposed upper oesophagus (secondary hyperalgesia) in patients with non-cardiac chest pain, thus suggesting central sensitisation contributes to visceral pain hypersensitivity in functional gut disorders (FGD). Perceptual wind-up (increased pain perception to constant intensity sensory stimuli at frequencies \u2a7e0.3 Hz) is used as a proxy for central sensitisation to investigate pain syndromes where pain hypersensitivity is important (for example, fibromyalgia).<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Aims:<\/jats:bold> Wind-up in central sensitisation induced human visceral pain hypersensitivity has not been explored. We hypothesised that if wind-up is a proxy for central sensitisation induced human visceral pain hypersensitivity, then oesophageal wind-up should be enhanced by secondary hyperalgesia.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> In eight healthy volunteers (seven males; mean age 32 years), perception at pain threshold to a train of 20 electrical stimuli applied to the hand and upper oesophagus (UO) at either 0.1 Hz (control) or 2 Hz was determined before and one hour after a 30 minute lower oesophageal acid infusion.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> Wind-up occurred only with the 2 Hz train in the UO and hand (both p\u200a=\u200a0.01). Following acid infusion, pain threshold decreased (17 (4)%; p\u200a=\u200a0.01) in the UO, suggesting the presence of secondary hyperalgesia. Wind-up to the 2 Hz train increased in the UO (wind-up ratio 1.4 (0.1) to 1.6 (0.1); p\u200a=\u200a0.03) but not in the hand (wind-up ratio 1.3 (0.1) and 1.3 (0.1); p\u200a=\u200a0.3)<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold> Enhanced wind-up after secondary oesophageal hyperalgesia suggests that visceral pain hypersensitivity induced by central sensitisation results from increased central neuronal excitability. Wind-up may offer new opportunities to investigate the contribution of central neuronal changes to symptoms in FGD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2005.073643","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,21]],"date-time":"2006-02-21T22:54:06Z","timestamp":1140562446000},"page":"920-925","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Perceptual wind-up in the human oesophagus is enhanced by central sensitisation"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"S","family":"Sarkar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C J","family":"Woolf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A R","family":"Hobson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D 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