{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T18:28:48Z","timestamp":1791052128473,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gut"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,7]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Gastric acid suppressing drugs (that is, histamine\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    receptor antagonists and proton pump inhibitors) could affect the risk of oesophageal or gastric adenocarcinoma but few studies are available.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Aims:<\/jats:bold>\n                    To study the association between long term treatment with acid suppressing drugs and the risk of oesophageal or gastric adenocarcinoma.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Patients:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Persons registered in the general practitioners research database in the UK and aged 40\u201384 years during the period 1994\u20132001.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Population based nested case control study. Multivariable unconditional logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n                    In 4 340 207 person years of follow up, 287 patients with oesophageal adenocarcinoma, 195 with gastric cardia adenocarcinoma, and 327 with gastric non-cardia adenocarcinoma were identified, and 10 000 control persons were randomly sampled. \u201cOesophageal\u201d indication for long term acid suppression (that is, reflux symptoms, oesophagitis, Barrett\u2019s oesophagus, or hiatal hernia) rendered a fivefold increased risk of oesophageal adenocarcinoma (odds ratio (OR) 5.42 (95% confidence interval (CI) 3.13\u20139.39)) while no association was observed among users with a group of other indications, including peptic ulcer and \u201cgastroduodenal symptoms\u201d (that is, gastritis, dyspepsia, indigestion, and epigastric pain) (OR 1.74 (95% CI 0.90\u20133.34)). \u201cPeptic ulcer\u201d indication (that is, gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, or unspecified peptic ulcer) was associated with a greater than fourfold increased risk of gastric non-cardia adenocarcinoma among long term users (OR 4.66 (95% CI 2.42\u20138.97)) but no such association was found in those treated for a group of other indications (that is, \u201coesophageal\u201d or \u201cgastroduodenal symptoms\u201d) (OR 1.18 (95% CI 0.60\u20132.32)).\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Long term pharmacological gastric acid suppression is a marker of increased risk of oesophageal and gastric adenocarcinoma. However, these associations are most likely explained by the underlying treatment indication being a risk factor for the cancer rather than an independent harmful effect of these agents per se.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2005.086579","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,19]],"date-time":"2006-06-19T20:51:20Z","timestamp":1150750280000},"page":"1538-1544","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":168,"title":["Gastric acid suppression and risk of oesophageal and gastric adenocarcinoma: a nested case control study in the UK"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"L A Garc\u00eda","family":"Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Espa\u00f1ol de Investigaci\u00f3n Farmacoepidemiol\u00f3gica, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Lagergren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Oesophageal and Gastric Research, Department of 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