{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T09:53:37Z","timestamp":1791021217780,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gut"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Immunoregulatory invariant natural killer (iNK) T cells rapidly produce interleukin (IL)-4 and other cytokines that suppress a Th1 response and are deficient in some autoimmune diseases.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Aim:<\/jats:bold>\n                    The aim of this study was to investigate any deficiency of iNK T cells in coeliac disease.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Blood was collected from 86 subjects with coeliac disease and from 152 healthy control subjects for investigation of V\u03b124+ T cells by flow cytometry. iNK T cells were assessed by V\u03b124 and \u03b1-galactosylceramide\/CD1d tetramer markers in 23 normal controls and 13 subjects with coeliac disease. Intracellular IL-4 was measured after anti-CD3 antibody stimulation. Duodenal biopsies were obtained in a subgroup of subjects with coeliac disease and control subjects for V\u03b124 mRNA expression using relative PCR and for V\u03b124+ T cells by immunofluorescence.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n                    The mean numbers of circulating V\u03b124+ T cells and iNK T cells in coeliac disease were 27% (p&lt;0.001) and 16% (p&lt;0.001), respectively, of levels in control subjects. After in vitro anti-CD3 stimulation, numbers of IL-4+ producing iNK T cells from subjects with coeliac disease were unchanged but increased by 21% in control subjects. In subjects with coeliac disease, V\u03b124 mRNA intestinal expression was reduced to 17% (p&lt;0.001) by relative PCR and numbers of intestinal V\u03b124+ T cells were 16% (p&lt;0.01) of levels in control subjects.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold>\n                    We conclude that V\u03b124+ T cells and iNK T cells are deficient in coeliac disease. We speculate that this deficiency could contribute to the failure of immunological oral tolerance that seems to underlie this disease.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2006.095307","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,24]],"date-time":"2006-11-24T20:25:04Z","timestamp":1164399904000},"page":"790-795","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Deficiency of invariant natural killer T cells in coeliac disease"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"R H","family":"Grose","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A G","family":"Cummins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F 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