{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]],"date-time":"2025-09-11T19:38:29Z","timestamp":1757619509536,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gut"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,4]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background and aims:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>It has recently been described that bradykinin B<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> receptors are expressed in the human gallbladder and that their activation induces a powerful contraction, especially in acute cholecystitis tissues. Here the role of the B<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> receptor in the contractility of control and inflamed human gallbladder was investigated.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Strips of human gallbladder from either acute gallstone cholecystitis or elective gastro-entero-pancreatic surgery (control) were assessed in vitro and processed for reverse transcription-PCR analysis. Cumulative concentration\u2013response curves with the selective B<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> receptor agonist, Lys-Des-Arg<jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup>-bradykinin, cholecystokinin and carbachol were performed in control and cholecystitis specimens.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Lys-Des-Arg<jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup>-bradykinin concentration-dependently contracted strips of control gallbladders and its motor effect was higher in inflamed gallbladders. Lys-Des-Arg<jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup>-bradykinin-induced contraction was not altered by pretreatment with the selective bradykinin B<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> receptor antagonist, HOE140 (1 \u03bcM), the NK<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> (SR140333), NK<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> (SR48968) and NK<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> (SR142801) tachykinin receptor antagonists (all 1 \u03bcM), the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist, atropine (1 \u03bcM), and the cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor, indomethacin (5 \u03bcM). In contrast, the Lys-Des-Arg<jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup>-bradykinin-induced motor response was significantly reduced by the selective B<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> receptor antagonist, R-715. Finally, quantitative real-time PCR analysis indicated that B<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> receptor mRNA levels were significantly higher in cholecystitis smooth muscle specimens, when compared with that observed in control tissues.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Bradykinin B<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> receptor has an important role as a spasmogen of human gallbladder, and selective antagonists of the B<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> receptor may represent a valid therapeutic option to control pain in patients with acute cholecystitis.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2006.103200","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,8]],"date-time":"2008-01-08T22:53:59Z","timestamp":1199832839000},"page":"628-633","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Expression and functional pharmacology of the bradykinin B1 receptor in the normal and inflamed human gallbladder"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"E","family":"Andre","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Pharmacology Unit, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D","family":"Gazzieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Pharmacology Unit, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E","family":"Bardella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2 Department of Surgery, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3 Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M A","family":"Mori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4 Max Delbr\u00fcck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin-Buch, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"V V","family":"Saul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4 Max Delbr\u00fcck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin-Buch, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Bader","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4 Max Delbr\u00fcck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin-Buch, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J B","family":"Calixto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"5 Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florian\u00f3polis, SC, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R","family":"De Giorgio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"6 Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, University of 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