{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T12:39:35Z","timestamp":1783341575277,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gut"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Enterochromaffin (EC) cells are dispersed throughout the gastrointestinal (GI) mucosa and are the main source of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in the gut. 5-HT has been implicated in the pathophysiology of several GI disorders, but the mechanisms regulating 5-HT production in the gut are unknown.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Aim:<\/jats:bold>\n                    To investigate the role of CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells in the production of 5-HT using a model of enteric parasitic infection.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Methods and results:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice and their wild-type controls were infected with the nematode\n                    <jats:italic>Trichuris muris<\/jats:italic>\n                    and killed on various days after infection to study colonic EC cells and 5-HT production. The number of EC cells and the amount of 5-HT produced were significantly higher in infected wild-type mice than in non-infected mice. The number of EC cells and the amount of 5-HT after infection were significantly lower in SCID mice after infection than in wild-type mice. The number of EC cells and the amount of 5-HT was significantly increased after reconstitution of SCID mice with CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells from infected mice and this was accompanied by an upregulation of colonic CD3 T cells and T helper 2 (Th2) cytokines. Laser capture microdissection-based molecular and immunofluorescence techniques revealed the presence of interleukin 13 receptor \u03b11-chain on EC cells.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold>\n                    These results show an important immunoendocrine axis in the gut, where secretory products from CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells interact with EC cells to enhance the production of 5-HT in the gut via Th2-based mechanisms. These results show new insights into the mechanisms of gut function, which may ultimately lead to improved therapeutic strategies in functional and inflammatory disorders of the GI tract.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2006.103226","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,15]],"date-time":"2007-02-15T20:18:01Z","timestamp":1171570681000},"page":"949-957","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":113,"title":["CD4\n                    <sup>+<\/sup>\n                    T cell-mediated immunological control of enterochromaffin cell hyperplasia and 5-hydroxytryptamine production in enteric infection"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Huaqing","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justin","family":"Steeds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasuaki","family":"Motomura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yikang","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monica","family":"Verma-Gandhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rami T","family":"El-Sharkawy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John T","family":"McLaughlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard K","family":"Grencis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Waliul I","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121301475890000_56.7.949.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Walsh JH, Dockray GJ. 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