{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:35:41Z","timestamp":1787016941690,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"998","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,1]],"date-time":"2008-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1228089600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) is a serious complication of end-stage liver disease, occurring mainly in patients with advanced cirrhosis and ascites, who have marked circulatory dysfunction,1 as well as in patients with acute liver failure.2 In spite of its functional nature, HRS is associated with a poor prognosis,3 \u00a04 and the only effective treatment is liver transplantation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>During the 56th Meeting of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases, the International Ascites Club held a Focused Study Group (FSG) on HRS for the purpose of reporting the results of an international workshop and to reach a consensus on a new definition, criteria for diagnosis and recommendations on HRS treatment. A similar workshop was held in Chicago in 1994 in which standardised nomenclature and diagnostic criteria for refractory ascites and HRS were established.5 The introduction of innovative treatments and improvements in our understanding of the pathogenesis of HRS during the previous decade led to an increasing need to undertake a new consensus meeting. This paper reports the scientific rationale behind the new definitions and recommendations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>The international workshop included four issues debated by four panels of experts (see Acknowledgements). The issues were: (1) evidence-based HRS pathogenesis; (2) treatment of HRS using vasoconstrictors; (3) other HRS treatments using transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent-shunt (TIPS) and extracorporeal albumin dialysis (ECAD); and (4) new definitions and diagnostic criteria for HRS and recommendations for its treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2006.107789","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,27]],"date-time":"2007-03-27T23:54:11Z","timestamp":1175039651000},"page":"662-670","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":193,"title":["Diagnosis, prevention and treatment of hepatorenal syndrome in cirrhosis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"84","author":[{"given":"Francesco","family":"Salerno","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Policlinico IRCCS San Donato, University of Milan , Via Morandi, 30, 20097 San Donato (MI), Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Gerbes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine II, Klinikum of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University\/Gro\u00dfhadern, University of Munich , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pere","family":"Gin\u00e8s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona , Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florence","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto , Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vicente","family":"Arroyo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona , Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023041909551352200_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1819","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)14903-3","article-title":"Hepatarenal syndrome","volume":"362","author":"Gin\u00e8s","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2023041909551352200_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470987476.ch31","volume-title":"Ascites and renal dysfunction in liver disease","author":"O'Grady","year":"2005"},{"key":"2023041909551352200_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(93)90031-7","article-title":"Incidence, predictive factors, and prognosis of hepatorenal syndrome in cirrhosis with ascites","volume":"105","author":"Gin\u00e8s","year":"1993","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2023041909551352200_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.49.5.729","article-title":"The hepatorenal syndrome","volume":"49","author":"Dagher","year":"2001","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"2023041909551352200_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510230122","article-title":"Definition and diagnostic criteria of refractory ascites and hepatorenal syndrome in cirrhosis","volume":"23","author":"Arroyo","year":"1996","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"2023041909551352200_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1304","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(89)91704-6","article-title":"Systemic and regional hemodynamics in patients with liver cirrhosis and ascites with and without functional renal failure","volume":"97","author":"Fernandez-Seara","year":"1989","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2023041909551352200_bib7","first-page":"788","article-title":"Brachial and femoral artery blood flow in cirrhosis: relationship to kidney dysfunction","volume":"17","author":"Maroto","year":"1993","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"2023041909551352200_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510280510","article-title":"Reduction of renal cortical blood flow assessed by Doppler in cirrhotic patients with refractory ascites","volume":"28","author":"Rivolta","year":"1998","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"2023041909551352200_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510280107","article-title":"Increased cerebrovascular resistance in cirrhotic patients with ascites","volume":"28","author":"Guevara","year":"1998","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"2023041909551352200_bib10","first-page":"219","article-title":"Renal vasoconstriction in cirrhosis evaluated by duplex Doppler ultrasonography","volume":"17","author":"Sacerdoti","year":"1993","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"2023041909551352200_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(00)00035-0","article-title":"Postprandial middle cerebral arterial vasoconstriction in cirrhotic patients. A placebo, controlled evaluation","volume":"34","author":"Sugano","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"2023041909551352200_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.1097\/00042737-199511000-00012","article-title":"Middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity in patients with cirrhosis","volume":"7","author":"Dillon","year":"1995","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2023041909551352200_bib13","first-page":"139","volume-title":"Ascites and renal dysfunction in liver disease","author":"Moller","year":"2005","edition":"2nd edn"},{"key":"2023041909551352200_bib14","first-page":"83","article-title":"Noninvasive measurement of femoral blood flow and portal pressure response to propranolol in patients with cirrhosis","volume":"21","author":"Luca","year":"1995","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"2023041909551352200_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1097\/00042737-199708000-00012","article-title":"Relationship between splanchnic, peripheral and cardiac hemodynamics in cirrhosis of different degrees of severity","volume":"9","author":"Piscaglia","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2023041909551352200_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510230304","article-title":"Hyperinsulinemia in preascitic cirrhosis: effects on systemic and renal hemodynamics, sodium homeostasis, forearm blood flow and sympathetic nervous activity","volume":"23","author":"Wong","year":"1996","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"2023041909551352200_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(01)00168-4","article-title":"Nitric oxide synthase activity in the splanchnic vasculature of patients with cirrhosis: relationship with hemodynamic disturbances","volume":"35","author":"Albornoz","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"2023041909551352200_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2004.051599","article-title":"Increased anandamide induced relaxation in mesenteric arteries of cirrhotic rats: role of cannabinoid and vanilloid receptors","volume":"54","author":"Domenicali","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"2023041909551352200_bib19","first-page":"367","article-title":"Impaired response to angiotensin II in experimental cirrhosis: role of nitric oxide","volume":"18","author":"Castro","year":"1993","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"2023041909551352200_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(99)70136-8","article-title":"Altered adrenergic responsiveness of endothelium-denuded hepatic arteries and portal veins in patients with cirrhosis","volume":"116","author":"Heller","year":"1999","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2023041909551352200_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(94)90233-X","article-title":"Vascular hyporesponsiveness to endothelin 1 in rats with cirrhosis","volume":"107","author":"Hartleb","year":"1994","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2023041909551352200_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(95)80014-X","article-title":"The role of increased nitric oxide in the vascular hyporeactivity to noradrenaline in long-term portal vein ligated rats","volume":"23","author":"Michielsen","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"2023041909551352200_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(00)70146-6","article-title":"Selective alteration of agonist-mediated contraction in hepatic arteries isolated from patients with cirrhosis","volume":"118","author":"Islam","year":"2000","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2023041909551352200_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(02)00319-7","article-title":"Nitric oxide mediates the reduced vasoconstrictor response to angiotensin II in patients with preascitic cirrhosis","volume":"38","author":"Helmy","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"2023041909551352200_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1894","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI105679","article-title":"Systemic and renal hemodynamics in oliguric hepatic failure: effect of volume expansion","volume":"46","author":"Tristani","year":"1967","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2023041909551352200_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1210","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2003.50447","article-title":"Systemic, renal, and hepatic hemodynamic derangement in cirrhotic patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis","volume":"38","author":"Ruiz del Arbol","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"2023041909551352200_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20766","article-title":"Circulatory function and hepatorenal syndrome in cirrhosis","volume":"42","author":"Ruiz del Arbol","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"2023041909551352200_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510240226","article-title":"Cirrhotic cardiomyopathy: getting to the heart of the matter","volume":"24","author":"Ma","year":"1996","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"2023041909551352200_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840200619","article-title":"Renal impairment after spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cirrhosis: incidence, clinical course, predictive factors and prognosis","volume":"20","author":"Follo","year":"1994","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"2023041909551352200_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1944","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2005.09.024","article-title":"Renal failure in patients with cirrhosis and sepsis unrelated to spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: value of MELD score","volume":"129","author":"Terra","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2023041909551352200_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2001.27830","article-title":"Renal failure after upper gastrointestinal bleeding in cirrhosis: incidence, clinical course, predictive factors, and short-term prognosis","volume":"34","author":"Cardenas","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"2023041909551352200_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470987476.ch30","volume-title":"Ascites and renal dysfunction in liver disease","author":"Salerno","year":"2005","edition":"2nd edn"},{"key":"2023041909551352200_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21094","article-title":"The use of vasoconstrictors in patients with cirrhosis: type 1 HRS and beyond","volume":"43","author":"Moreau","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"2023041909551352200_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510270107","article-title":"Reversibility of hepatorenal syndrome by prolonged administration of ornipressin and plasma volume expansion","volume":"27","author":"Guevara","year":"1998","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"2023041909551352200_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.47.2.288","article-title":"Long term outcome after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent-shunt in non-transplant cirrhotics with hepatorenal syndrome: a phase II study","volume":"47","author":"Brensing","year":"2000","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"2023041909551352200_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510280219","article-title":"Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt in hepatorenal syndrome: effects on renal function and vasoactive systems","volume":"28","author":"Guevara","year":"1998","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"2023041909551352200_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1985.142","article-title":"Interrelationship between cardiac output and vascular resistance as determinant of effective arterial blood volume in cirrhotic patients","volume":"28","author":"Shapiro","year":"1985","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"2023041909551352200_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(98)80151-7","article-title":"Beneficial effects of the two-day administration of terlipressin in patients with cirrhosis and hepatorenal syndrome","volume":"29","author":"Hadenguo","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"2023041909551352200_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1184","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1972.223.5.1184","article-title":"Dynamics of glomerular ultrafiltration in the rat. II. Plasma-flow dependence of GFR","volume":"223","author":"Brenner","year":"1972","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"2023041909551352200_bib40","first-page":"F171","article-title":"Glomerular ultrafiltration dynamics: euvolemic and plasma volume-expanded rats","volume":"239","author":"Arendshorts","year":"1980","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"2023041909551352200_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(03)00160-0","article-title":"Plasma volume expansion by albumin in cirrhosis. Relation to blood volume distribution, arterial compliance and severity of disease","volume":"39","author":"Brinch","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"2023041909551352200_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2004.05.009","article-title":"Effect of intravenous albumin on systemic and hepatic hemodynamics and vasoactive neurohormonal systems in patients with cirrhosis and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis","volume":"41","author":"Fernandez","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"2023041909551352200_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199908053410603","article-title":"Effect of intravenous albumin on renal impairment and mortality in patients with cirrhosis and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis","volume":"5","author":"Sort","year":"1999","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2023041909551352200_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.13.4.293","article-title":"The effect of octapressin on renal and intrarenal blood flow in cirrhosis of the liver","volume":"13","author":"Kew","year":"1972","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"2023041909551352200_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(91)90734-3","article-title":"Ornipressin in the treatment of functional renal failure in decompensated cirrhosis: effects on renal hemodynamics and atrial natriuretic factor","volume":"101","author":"Lenz","year":"1991","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2023041909551352200_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510300430","article-title":"Long-term therapy and retreatment of hepatorenal syndrome type 1 with ornipressin and dopamine","volume":"30","author":"G\u00fclberg","year":"1999","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"2023041909551352200_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2002.32364","article-title":"Terlipressin in patients with cirrhosis and type 1 hepatorenal syndrome: a retrospective multicenter study","volume":"122","author":"Moreau","year":"2002","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2023041909551352200_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(00)80158-0","article-title":"Terlipressin plus albumin infusion: an effective and safe therapy of hepatorenal syndrome","volume":"33","author":"Uriz","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"2023041909551352200_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2002.35819","article-title":"Terlipressin therapy with and without albumin for patients with hepatorenal syndrome: results of a prospective nonrandomized study","volume":"36","author":"Ortega","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"2023041909551352200_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1690","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510290629","article-title":"Reversal of type 1 hepatorenal syndrome with the administration of midodrine and octreotide","volume":"29","author":"Angeli","year":"1999","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"2023041909551352200_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20262","article-title":"Midodrine, octreotide, albumin, and TIPS in selected patients with cirrhosis and type 1 hepatorenal syndrome","volume":"40","author":"Wong","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"2023041909551352200_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1746.2003.02934.x","article-title":"Beneficial effects of terlipressin in hepatorenal syndrome: a prospective, randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial","volume":"18","author":"Solanki","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2023041909551352200_bib53","first-page":"694A","article-title":"A prospective randomized double blind, placebo-controlled trial of terlipressin for type 1 hepatorenal syndrome (HRS)","volume":"44","author":"Sanyal","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"2023041909551352200_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2003.09.019","article-title":"Effects of treatment of hepatorenal syndrome before transplantation on posttransplantation outcome. A case\u2013control study","volume":"40","author":"Restuccia","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"2023041909551352200_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2003.50276","article-title":"Octreotide in hepatorenal syndrome: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study","volume":"38","author":"Pomier-Layrargues","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"2023041909551352200_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2002.34343","article-title":"Effects of noradrenalin and albumin in patients with type 1 hepatorenal syndrome: a pilot study","volume":"36","author":"Duvoux","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"2023041909551352200_bib57","first-page":"1766","article-title":"Transjugular intrahepatic portacaval stent shunts in patients with renal insufficiency","volume":"25","author":"Lake","year":"1993","journal-title":"Transplant Proc"},{"key":"2023041909551352200_bib58","first-page":"1753","article-title":"Type-2 hepatorenal syndrome and refractory ascites: role of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent-shunt in eighteen patients with advanced cirrhosis awaiting orthotopic liver transplantation","volume":"50","author":"Testino","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hepatogastroenterology"},{"key":"2023041909551352200_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20509","article-title":"Benefit of TIPS for patients with refractory ascites: serum bilirubin may make the difference","volume":"41","author":"Gerbes","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"2023041909551352200_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.40.5.664","article-title":"Reduction in renal blood flow following acute increase in the portal pressure: evidence for the existence of a hepatorenal reflex in man?","volume":"40","author":"Jalan","year":"1997","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"2023041909551352200_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.44.5.743","article-title":"Cardiac function and haemodynamics in alcoholic cirrhosis and effects of the transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent shunt","volume":"44","author":"Huonker","year":"1999","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"2023041909551352200_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1370","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hep.2003.09.030","article-title":"Humoral and cardiac effects of TIPS in cirrhotic patients with different \u201ceffective\u201d blood volume","volume":"38","author":"Salerno","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"2023041909551352200_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1097\/00004836-200408000-00010","article-title":"Cardiopulmonary consequences of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts: role of increased pulmonary artery pressure","volume":"38","author":"Schwartz","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2023041909551352200_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1594.1993.tb00635.x","article-title":"Dialysis against a recycled albumin solution enables the removal of albumin-bound toxins","volume":"17","author":"Stange","year":"1993","journal-title":"Artif Organs"},{"key":"2023041909551352200_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.20236","article-title":"Pathophysiological effects of albumin dialysis in acute-on-chronic liver failure: a randomized controlled study","volume":"10","author":"Sen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"key":"2023041909551352200_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1053\/lv.2000.6355","article-title":"Improvement of hepatorenal syndrome with extracorporeal albumin dialysis MARS: results of a prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial","volume":"6","author":"Mitzner","year":"2000","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"key":"2023041909551352200_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2002.36130","article-title":"A dialysis in cirrhosis with superimposed acute liver injury: a prospective, controlled study","volume":"36","author":"Heemann","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"2023041909551352200_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-199102000-00030","article-title":"Long-term survival and renal function following liver transplantation in patients with and without hepatorenal syndrome\u2014experience in 300 patients","volume":"51","author":"Gonwa","year":"1991","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"2023041909551352200_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-199502150-00010","article-title":"Impact of pretransplant renal function on survival after liver transplantation","volume":"59","author":"Gonwa","year":"1995","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"2023041909551352200_bib70","first-page":"806","article-title":"The hepatorenal syndrome in liver transplant recipients","volume":"57","author":"Seu","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"2023041909551352200_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfi212","article-title":"The course of type-1 hepato-renal syndrome post liver transplantation","volume":"21","author":"Marik","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"2023041909551352200_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840170302","article-title":"Hemodynamic and humoral changes after liver transplantation in patients with cirrhosis","volume":"17","author":"Navasa","year":"1993","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"2023041909551352200_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(87)90327-1","article-title":"Effects of renal impairment on liver transplantation","volume":"93","author":"Rimola","year":"1987","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2023041909551352200_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2002.33160","article-title":"Pretransplant renal function predicts survival in patients undergoing orthotopic liver transplantation","volume":"35","author":"Nair","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"2023041909551352200_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1282","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20687","article-title":"MELD score and clinical type predict prognosis in hepatorenal syndrome: relevance to liver transplantation","volume":"41","author":"Alessandria","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"2023041909551352200_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1053\/ajkd.2003.50035","article-title":"Assessing renal function in cirrhotic patients: problems and pitfalls","volume":"41","author":"Scherman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"2023041909551352200_bib77","first-page":"1054","article-title":"Hepatorenal syndrome. Long-term treatment with terlipressin as a bridge to liver transplantation","volume":"41","author":"Ganne-Carrie","year":"1996","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"2023041909551352200_bib78","first-page":"268","article-title":"Treatment with terlipressin as a bridge to transplantation in a patient with hepatorenal syndrome","volume":"61","author":"Le Moine","year":"1998","journal-title":"Acta Gastroenterol Belg"},{"key":"2023041909551352200_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2984","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2000.03214.x","article-title":"Hepatorenal syndrome in cirrhotic patients: terlipressin is a safe and efficient treatment; propranolol and digitalic treatments: precipitating and preventing factors?","volume":"95","author":"Duhamel","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2023041909551352200_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1746.2002.02816.x","article-title":"Clinical course, predictive factors and prognosis in patients with cirrhosis and type-1 hepatorenal syndrome treated with terlipressin: a retrospective analysis","volume":"17","author":"Colle","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2023041909551352200_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1097\/00042737-200202000-00009","article-title":"Effect of terlipressin (Glypressin) on hepatorenal syndrome in cirrhotic patients: results of a multicentre pilot study","volume":"14","author":"Halimi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"2023041909551352200_bib82","first-page":"ccciii","article-title":"Terlipressin and albumin combination treatment in hepatorenal syndrome","volume":"50","author":"Danalioglu","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hepatogastroenterology"},{"key":"2023041909551352200_bib83","first-page":"15","article-title":"Long-term terlipressin administration improves renal function in cirrhotic patients with type 1 hepatorenal syndrome: a pilot study","volume":"64","author":"Mulkay","year":"2001","journal-title":"Acta Gastroenterol Belg"},{"key":"2023041909551352200_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2006.02706.x","article-title":"Switch therapy with ciprofloxacin vs. intravenous ceftazidime in the treatment of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in patients with cirrhosis: similar efficacy at lower cost","volume":"23","author":"Angeli","year":"2006","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"}],"container-title":["Postgraduate Medical Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pmj\/article-pdf\/84\/998\/662\/50021594\/postgradmedj-84-662.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pmj\/article-pdf\/84\/998\/662\/50021594\/postgradmedj-84-662.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]],"date-time":"2025-01-15T02:33:22Z","timestamp":1736908402000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pmj\/article\/84\/998\/662\/7026333"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,1]]},"references-count":84,"journal-issue":{"issue":"998","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,6]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/gut.2006.107789","relation":{},"ISSN":["0032-5473","1469-0756"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0032-5473","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-0756","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2008,12]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,1]]}}}