{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,6]],"date-time":"2025-12-06T04:53:43Z","timestamp":1764996823469,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gut"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Objective:<\/jats:bold> Intraluminal acid evokes reflex contraction of oesophageal longitudinal smooth muscle (LSM) and consequent oesophageal shortening. This reflex may play a role in the pathophysiology of oesophageal pain syndromes and hiatus hernia formation. The aim of the current study was to elucidate further the mechanisms of acid-induced oesophageal shortening.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Design:<\/jats:bold> Intraluminal acid perfusion of the intact opossum smooth muscle oesophagus was performed <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> in the presence and absence of neural blockade and pharmacological antagonism of the neurokinin 2 receptor, while continuously recording changes in oesophageal axial length. In addition, the effect of these antagonists on the contractile response of LSM strips to the mast cell degranulating agent 48\/80 was determined. Finally, immunohistochemistry was performed to look for evidence of LSM innervation by substance P\/calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-containing axons.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> Intraluminal acid perfusion induced longitudinal axis shortening that was completely abolished by capsaicin desensitization, substance P desensitization, or the application of the neurokinin 2 receptor antagonist MEN10376. Compound 48\/80 induced sustained contraction of LSM strips in a concentration-dependent fashion and this was associated with evidence of mast cell degranulation. The 48\/80-induced LSM contraction was antagonized by capsaicin desensitization, substance P desensitization and MEN10376, but not tetrodotoxin. Immunohistochemistry revealed numerous substance P\/CGRP-containing neurons innervating the LSM and within the mucosa.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold> This study suggests that luminal acid activates a reflex pathway involving mast cell degranulation, activation of capsaicin-sensitive afferent neurons and the release of substance P or a related neurokinin, which evokes sustained contraction of the oesophageal LSM. This pathway may be a target for treatment of oesophageal pain syndromes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2006.115881","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,24]],"date-time":"2007-05-24T20:40:40Z","timestamp":1180039240000},"page":"1347-1352","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Intraluminal acid induces oesophageal shortening via capsaicin-sensitive neurokinin neurons"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"William G","family":"Paterson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David V","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Neil","family":"Dilworth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseph B","family":"Assini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Lourenssen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael G","family":"Blennerhassett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025090714363303000_56.10.1347.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1736","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(94)90814-1","volume":"107","year":"1994","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2025090714363303000_56.10.1347.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G385","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.1998.274.2.G385","volume":"274","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Physiol (Gastrointest Liver Physiol)"},{"key":"2025090714363303000_56.10.1347.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G463","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.2001.280.3.G463","volume":"280","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Physiol (Gastrointest Liver Physiol)"},{"key":"2025090714363303000_56.10.1347.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1155\/2000\/438981","volume":"14","year":"2000","journal-title":"Can J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2025090714363303000_56.10.1347.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G743","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.2001.281.3.G743","volume":"281","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Physiol (Gastrointest Liver Physiol)"},{"key":"2025090714363303000_56.10.1347.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(99)70225-8"},{"key":"2025090714363303000_56.10.1347.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A421","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(08)82091-4","volume":"120","year":"2001","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2025090714363303000_56.10.1347.8","first-page":"G219","volume":"269","year":"1995","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"2025090714363303000_56.10.1347.9","first-page":"51A","volume":"10","year":"1996","journal-title":"Can J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2025090714363303000_56.10.1347.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.89.20.9569"},{"key":"2025090714363303000_56.10.1347.11","unstructured":"Rang H P, Bevan S, Dray A. 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