{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T03:22:47Z","timestamp":1791256967713,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":123,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gut"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,22]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Chronic inflammatory disorders such as inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) affect bone metabolism and are frequently associated with the presence of osteoporosis. Bone loss is regulated by various mediators of the immune system such as the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-\u03b1), interleukin-1beta (IL-1\u03b2), IL-6, or interferon-gamma. TNF-\u03b1, a master cytokine in human IBD, causes bone erosions in experimental models and these effects are exerted by osteoclasts. Other TNF-related cytokines such as receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B (RANK), its ligand, RANKL, and osteoprotegerin are important mediators in inflammatory processes in the gut and are critically involved in the pathophysiology of bone loss. The awareness and early diagnosis of osteoporosis in states of chronic inflammation, together with applied therapies such as bisphosphonates, may be beneficial in inflammation-associated osteoporosis. Although several mechanisms may contribute to osteoporosis in patients with IBD and coeliac disease, inflammation as an important factor has so far been neglected. As key inflammatory mediators in IBD such as TNF-\u03b1 are involved in the disease process both in gut and bone, we hypothesise that neutralisation of TNF-\u03b1 could prove an efficient strategy in the treatment of inflammation-related osteoporosis in the future.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2006.117382","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,14]],"date-time":"2008-04-14T11:09:30Z","timestamp":1208171370000},"page":"684-694","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":240,"title":["Gut, inflammation and osteoporosis: basic and clinical concepts"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"H","family":"Tilg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Christian Doppler Research Laboratory for Gut Inflammation and Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University Innsbruck, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A R","family":"Moschen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Christian Doppler Research Laboratory for Gut Inflammation and Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University Innsbruck, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Kaser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Christian Doppler Research Laboratory for Gut Inflammation and Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University Innsbruck, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Pines","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2 Department of Medicine \u201cT\u201d, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I","family":"Dotan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3 IBD Center, Department of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121311540444000_57.5.684.1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Assessment of fracture risk and its application to screening for postmenopausal osteoporosis. Report of a WHO Study Group.","volume":"843","year":"1994","journal-title":"World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser"},{"key":"2025121311540444000_57.5.684.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2036.2003.01448.x"},{"key":"2025121311540444000_57.5.684.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI27071"},{"key":"2025121311540444000_57.5.684.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2000.19280"},{"key":"2025121311540444000_57.5.684.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2006.03203.x","article-title":"Coeliac disease and the risk of fractures \u2013 a general population-based cohort study.","volume":"25","author":"Ludvigsson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"2025121311540444000_57.5.684.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2003.50106"},{"key":"2025121311540444000_57.5.684.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra020831"},{"key":"2025121311540444000_57.5.684.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.24.021605.090646"},{"key":"2025121311540444000_57.5.684.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2006.00372.x"},{"key":"2025121311540444000_57.5.684.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00042737-200308000-00004"},{"key":"2025121311540444000_57.5.684.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9270(02)04273-9"},{"key":"2025121311540444000_57.5.684.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200107)44:7<1496::AID-ART271>3.0.CO;2-5"},{"key":"2025121311540444000_57.5.684.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1990.00390230093012"},{"key":"2025121311540444000_57.5.684.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00054725-200405000-00007"},{"key":"2025121311540444000_57.5.684.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/36.2.255"},{"key":"2025121311540444000_57.5.684.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00054725-200203000-00003"},{"key":"2025121311540444000_57.5.684.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.45.11.950"},{"key":"2025121311540444000_57.5.684.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00298431"},{"key":"2025121311540444000_57.5.684.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1010011209064"},{"key":"2025121311540444000_57.5.684.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.37.1.71"},{"key":"2025121311540444000_57.5.684.21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1159\/000092013","article-title":"Analysis of risk factors for low bone mineral density in inflammatory bowel disease.","volume":"73","author":"Frei","year":"2006","journal-title":"Digestion"},{"key":"2025121311540444000_57.5.684.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0408742102"},{"key":"2025121311540444000_57.5.684.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.289.5484.1504"},{"key":"2025121311540444000_57.5.684.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1197-1285"},{"key":"2025121311540444000_57.5.684.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-86-6-1436"},{"key":"2025121311540444000_57.5.684.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.20.100301.064753"},{"key":"2025121311540444000_57.5.684.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2004.044370"},{"key":"2025121311540444000_57.5.684.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(03)00326-1"},{"key":"2025121311540444000_57.5.684.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2005.05.034"},{"key":"2025121311540444000_57.5.684.30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1016\/S8756-3282(01)00682-2","article-title":"Involvement of receptor activator of NFkappaB ligand and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in bone destruction in rheumatoid arthritis.","volume":"30","author":"Romas","year":"2002","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"2025121311540444000_57.5.684.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200215582"},{"key":"2025121311540444000_57.5.684.32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1204389"},{"key":"2025121311540444000_57.5.684.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200316069"},{"key":"2025121311540444000_57.5.684.34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)06075-5"},{"key":"2025121311540444000_57.5.684.35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.10097"},{"key":"2025121311540444000_57.5.684.36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)63016-7"},{"key":"2025121311540444000_57.5.684.37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1043-4666(03)00179-0"},{"key":"2025121311540444000_57.5.684.38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.20039"},{"key":"2025121311540444000_57.5.684.39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2005.064212"},{"key":"2025121311540444000_57.5.684.40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/46303"},{"key":"2025121311540444000_57.5.684.41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35046102"},{"key":"2025121311540444000_57.5.684.42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI30074"},{"key":"2025121311540444000_57.5.684.43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2005.079392"},{"key":"2025121311540444000_57.5.684.44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.28.4.410"},{"key":"2025121311540444000_57.5.684.45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.1999.01079.x"},{"key":"2025121311540444000_57.5.684.46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.40.2.228"},{"key":"2025121311540444000_57.5.684.47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.1998.468_q.x"},{"key":"2025121311540444000_57.5.684.48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00365520310007873"},{"key":"2025121311540444000_57.5.684.49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2796.2000.00582.x"},{"key":"2025121311540444000_57.5.684.50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-133-10-200011210-00012"},{"key":"2025121311540444000_57.5.684.51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2003.026799"},{"key":"2025121311540444000_57.5.684.52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2002.34779"},{"key":"2025121311540444000_57.5.684.53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2003.09.027"},{"key":"2025121311540444000_57.5.684.54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.46.2.176"},{"key":"2025121311540444000_57.5.684.55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(94)90227-5","article-title":"Low bone mineral density in Crohn\u2019s disease, but not in ulcerative colitis, at diagnosis.","volume":"107","author":"Ghosh","year":"1994","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2025121311540444000_57.5.684.56","first-page":"1","article-title":"Guidelines for osteoporosis in inflammatory bowel disease and coeliac disease.","volume":"14","author":"Lewis","year":"2007","journal-title":"BSG Guidelines in Gastroenterology June"},{"key":"2025121311540444000_57.5.684.57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2003-45280"},{"key":"2025121311540444000_57.5.684.58","first-page":"112","article-title":"Osteoporosis in a North American adult population with celiac disease.","volume":"96","author":"Meyer","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2025121311540444000_57.5.684.59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.37.2.220"},{"key":"2025121311540444000_57.5.684.60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2000.01682.x"},{"key":"2025121311540444000_57.5.684.61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.52.4.518"},{"key":"2025121311540444000_57.5.684.62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwf007"},{"key":"2025121311540444000_57.5.684.63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.38.3.322"},{"key":"2025121311540444000_57.5.684.64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00042737-200510000-00009"},{"key":"2025121311540444000_57.5.684.65","first-page":"2130","article-title":"Bone mineral affection in asymptomatic adult patients with celiac disease.","volume":"89","author":"Mazure","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2025121311540444000_57.5.684.66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/8756-3282(94)00034-W"},{"key":"2025121311540444000_57.5.684.67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2036.1997.112283000.x"},{"key":"2025121311540444000_57.5.684.68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2036.2000.00671.x","article-title":"The effects of 1-year gluten withdrawal on bone mass, bone metabolism and nutritional status in newly-diagnosed adult coeliac disease patients.","volume":"14","author":"Sategna-Guidetti","year":"2000","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"2025121311540444000_57.5.684.69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.39.2.180"},{"key":"2025121311540444000_57.5.684.70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/57.2.224","article-title":"Effect of gluten-free diet on bone mineral content in growing patients with celiac disease.","volume":"57","author":"Mora","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2025121311540444000_57.5.684.71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.36.5.710"},{"key":"2025121311540444000_57.5.684.72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2003.50107"},{"key":"2025121311540444000_57.5.684.73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-137-6-200209170-00015","article-title":"Screening for postmenopausal osteoporosis: a review of the evidence for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force.","volume":"137","author":"Nelson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2025121311540444000_57.5.684.74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11926-004-0085-1"},{"key":"2025121311540444000_57.5.684.75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2005.40849.x"},{"key":"2025121311540444000_57.5.684.76","first-page":"689","article-title":"A strategy for osteoporosis in gastroenterology.","volume":"10","author":"Scott","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2025121311540444000_57.5.684.77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-001-1027-9"},{"key":"2025121311540444000_57.5.684.78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jcgh.2003.50004"},{"key":"2025121311540444000_57.5.684.79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mpg.0000228105.91240.80"},{"key":"2025121311540444000_57.5.684.80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(98)70362-2"},{"key":"2025121311540444000_57.5.684.81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2003.07590.x"},{"key":"2025121311540444000_57.5.684.82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1542-3565(04)00662-7"},{"key":"2025121311540444000_57.5.684.83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00042737-200308000-00006"},{"key":"2025121311540444000_57.5.684.84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199302183280702"},{"key":"2025121311540444000_57.5.684.85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2802","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/125.11.2802","article-title":"A meta-analysis of the effect of calcium intake on bone mass in young and middle aged females and males.","volume":"125","author":"Welten","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"2025121311540444000_57.5.684.86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-006-0293-9"},{"key":"2025121311540444000_57.5.684.87","first-page":"609","article-title":"Prevention of bone mineral loss in patients with Crohn\u2019s disease by long-term oral vitamin D supplementation.","volume":"7","author":"Vogelsang","year":"1995","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2025121311540444000_57.5.684.88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2036.1996.63205000.x"},{"key":"2025121311540444000_57.5.684.89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199807303390502"},{"key":"2025121311540444000_57.5.684.90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2000.16518"},{"key":"2025121311540444000_57.5.684.91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1097\/00042737-200012010-00005","article-title":"Increase of bone mineral density with sodium fluoride in patients with Crohn\u2019s disease.","volume":"12","author":"von Tirpitz","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2025121311540444000_57.5.684.92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00365520500206467"},{"key":"2025121311540444000_57.5.684.93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2003.01794.x"},{"key":"2025121311540444000_57.5.684.94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1542-3565(04)00663-9"},{"key":"2025121311540444000_57.5.684.95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.288.3.321"},{"key":"2025121311540444000_57.5.684.96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.282.7.637"},{"key":"2025121311540444000_57.5.684.97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.34.11.1543"},{"key":"2025121311540444000_57.5.684.98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(00)00490-3"},{"key":"2025121311540444000_57.5.684.99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2007.01.034"},{"key":"2025121311540444000_57.5.684.100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s001980070111"},{"key":"2025121311540444000_57.5.684.101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI3914"},{"key":"2025121311540444000_57.5.684.102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa071408"},{"key":"2025121311540444000_57.5.684.103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-2758"},{"key":"2025121311540444000_57.5.684.104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.060404"},{"key":"2025121311540444000_57.5.684.105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00042737-200312000-00003"},{"key":"2025121311540444000_57.5.684.106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1346.055"},{"key":"2025121311540444000_57.5.684.107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2004.02152.x"},{"key":"2025121311540444000_57.5.684.108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mcg.0000190762.80615.d4"},{"key":"2025121311540444000_57.5.684.109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2004.02097.x"},{"key":"2025121311540444000_57.5.684.110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1351.040"},{"key":"2025121311540444000_57.5.684.111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2005.044198"},{"key":"2025121311540444000_57.5.684.112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lange U Teichmann J Muller-Ladner U . Increase in bone mineral density of patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with anti-TNF-alpha antibody: a prospective open-label pilot study. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2005;44:1546\u20138.","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kei082"},{"key":"2025121311540444000_57.5.684.113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00042737-200104000-00020"},{"key":"2025121311540444000_57.5.684.114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81569-X"},{"key":"2025121311540444000_57.5.684.115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.7.3597"},{"key":"2025121311540444000_57.5.684.116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80209-3"},{"key":"2025121311540444000_57.5.684.117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.273.23.14363"},{"key":"2025121311540444000_57.5.684.118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2007.060834"},{"key":"2025121311540444000_57.5.684.119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200523394"},{"key":"2025121311540444000_57.5.684.120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/345442a0"},{"key":"2025121311540444000_57.5.684.121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2006.00571.x"},{"key":"2025121311540444000_57.5.684.122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2000.15.4.721"},{"key":"2025121311540444000_57.5.684.123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.49.5.644"}],"container-title":["Gut"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/gut.2006.117382","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]],"date-time":"2025-12-13T19:54:15Z","timestamp":1765655655000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/gut.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/gut.2006.117382"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,11]]},"references-count":123,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,11]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/gut.2006.117382"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/gut.2006.117382","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.1166433.627415","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0017-5749","1468-3288"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0017-5749","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-3288","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,11]]}}}