{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T02:34:43Z","timestamp":1791254083649,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":88,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gut"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and aim:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) has been linked to a number of extra-esophageal symptoms and disorders, primarily in the respiratory tract. This systematic review aimed to provide an estimate of the strength and direction of the association between GORD and asthma.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Studies that assessed the prevalence or incidence of GORD in individuals with asthma, or of asthma in individuals with GORD, were identified in Medline and EMBASE via a systematic search strategy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty-eight studies met the selection criteria. The sample size weighted average prevalence of GORD symptoms in asthma patients was 59.2%, whereas in controls it was 38.1%. In patients with asthma, the average prevalence of abnormal oesophageal pH, oesophagitis and hiatal hernia was 50.9%, 37.3% and 51.2%, respectively. The average prevalence of asthma in individuals with GORD was 4.6%, whereas in controls it was 3.9%. Pooling the odds ratios gave an overall ratio of 5.5 (95% CI 1.9\u201315.8) for studies reporting the prevalence of GORD symptoms in individuals with asthma, and 2.3 (95% CI 1.8\u20132.8) for those studies measuring the prevalence of asthma in GORD. One longitudinal study showed a significant association between a diagnosis of asthma and a subsequent diagnosis of GORD (relative risk 1.5; 95% CI 1.2\u20131.8), whereas the two studies that assessed whether GORD precedes asthma gave inconsistent results. The severity\u2013response relationship was examined in only nine studies, with inconsistent findings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This systematic review indicates that there is a significant association between GORD and asthma, but a paucity of data on the direction of causality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2007.122465","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,6]],"date-time":"2007-08-06T20:41:15Z","timestamp":1186432875000},"page":"1654-1664","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":237,"title":["The association between gastro-oesophageal reflux disease and asthma: a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"B D","family":"Havemann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C A","family":"Henderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H B","family":"El-Serag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121301052832000_56.12.1654.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2006.00630.x"},{"key":"2025121301052832000_56.12.1654.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.287.15.1972"},{"key":"2025121301052832000_56.12.1654.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/fampra\/cmi061"},{"key":"2025121301052832000_56.12.1654.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.3109\/02770909909055415","article-title":"Gastroesophageal reflux and asthma: are they related?","volume":"36","author":"Field","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Asthma"},{"key":"2025121301052832000_56.12.1654.5","unstructured":"Sontag SJ . 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