{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T18:28:44Z","timestamp":1791052124086,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gut"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A number of studies have shown an inverse association between infection with\n                      <jats:italic>Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                      and oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC). The mechanism of the apparent protection against OAC by\n                      <jats:italic>H pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection and, in particular, the role of gastric atrophy is disputed. The relationship between all stages of the oesophageal inflammation, metaplasia, adenocarcinoma sequence and\n                      <jats:italic>H pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection and gastric atrophy was explored.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A case\u2013control study involving 260 population controls, 227 OAC, 224 Barrett\u2019s oesophagus (BO) and 230 reflux oesophagitis (RO) patients recruited within Ireland was carried out.\n                      <jats:italic>H pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                      and CagA (cytotoxin-associated gene product A) infection was diagnosed serologically by western blot, and pepsinogen I and II levels were measured by enzyme immunoassay. Gastric atrophy was defined as a pepsinogen I\/II ratio of &lt;3.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>H pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                      seropositivity was inversely associated with OAC, BO and RO; adjusted ORs (95% CIs), 0.49 (0.31 to 0.76), 0.35 (0.22 to 0.56) and 0.42 (0.27 to 0.65), respectively. Gastric atrophy was uncommon (5.3% of all subjects), but was inversely associated with non-junctional OAC, BO and RO; adjusted ORs (95% CIs), 0.34 (0.10 to 1.24), 0.23 (0.05 to 0.96) and 0.27 (0.08 to 0.88), respectively. Inverse associations between\n                      <jats:italic>H pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                      and the disease states remained in gastric atrophy-negative patients.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>H pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection and gastric atrophy are associated with a reduced risk of OAC, BO and RO. While use of the pepsinogen I\/II ratio as a marker for gastric atrophy has limitations, these data suggest that although gastric atrophy is involved it may not fully explain the inverse associations observed with\n                      <jats:italic>H pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2007.132662","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,19]],"date-time":"2007-11-19T20:38:31Z","timestamp":1195504711000},"page":"734-739","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":126,"title":["Relationship between\n                    <i>Helicobacter pylori<\/i>\n                    infection and gastric atrophy and the stages of the oesophageal inflammation, metaplasia, adenocarcinoma sequence: results from the FINBAR case\u2013control study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"L A","family":"Anderson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S J","family":"Murphy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B T","family":"Johnston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R G P","family":"Watson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H R","family":"Ferguson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K B","family":"Bamford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Ghazy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P","family":"McCarron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J","family":"McGuigan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J V","family":"Reynolds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H","family":"Comber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L J","family":"Murray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025090722514419000_57.6.734.1","first-page":"588","article-title":"An inverse relation between cagA+ strains of Helicobacter pylori infection and risk of esophageal and gastric cardia adenocarcinoma.","volume":"58","author":"Chow","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"2025090722514419000_57.6.734.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu AH Crabtree JE Bernstein L . Role of Helicobacter pylori CagA+ strains and risk of adenocarcinoma of the stomach and esophagus. Int J Cancer 20031;103:815\u201321.","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.10887"},{"key":"2025090722514419000_57.6.734.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djh057"},{"key":"2025090722514419000_57.6.734.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/427659"},{"key":"2025090722514419000_57.6.734.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-5378.2001.00041.x"},{"key":"2025090722514419000_57.6.734.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2004.02172.x"},{"key":"2025090722514419000_57.6.734.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-230X-6-7"},{"key":"2025090722514419000_57.6.734.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.2004.022251"},{"key":"2025090722514419000_57.6.734.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2004.30313.x"},{"key":"2025090722514419000_57.6.734.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1985","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.1999.01985.x","article-title":"Barrett\u2019s metaplasia and Helicobacter pylori infection.","volume":"94","author":"Kiltz","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2025090722514419000_57.6.734.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2036.2003.01665.x"},{"key":"2025090722514419000_57.6.734.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.326.7392.737"},{"key":"2025090722514419000_57.6.734.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1091-255X(02)00129-4"},{"key":"2025090722514419000_57.6.734.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-05-4253"},{"key":"2025090722514419000_57.6.734.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CDLI.9.6.1313-1317.2002"},{"key":"2025090722514419000_57.6.734.16","first-page":"961","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori and stomach cancer: a case-control study in Venezuela.","volume":"9","author":"Plummer","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"key":"2025090722514419000_57.6.734.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1472-8206.2005.00348.x"},{"key":"2025090722514419000_57.6.734.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/430353"},{"key":"2025090722514419000_57.6.734.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2005.11.003"},{"key":"2025090722514419000_57.6.734.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/0969141041732184"},{"key":"2025090722514419000_57.6.734.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-05-0931"},{"key":"2025090722514419000_57.6.734.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2006.114504"},{"key":"2025090722514419000_57.6.734.23","first-page":"351","article-title":"Gastroesophageal reflux disease and Helicobacter pylori: lack of influence of infection on oesophageal manometric, 3-hour postprandial pHmetric and endoscopic findings.","volume":"14","author":"Moschos","year":"2005","journal-title":"Rom J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2025090722514419000_57.6.734.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1590-8658(00)80255-8"},{"key":"2025090722514419000_57.6.734.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-004-1396-8"},{"key":"2025090722514419000_57.6.734.26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G350","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.2001.281.2.G350","article-title":"H. pylori and transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxations induced by gastric distension in healthy humans.","volume":"281","author":"Zerbib","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"key":"2025090722514419000_57.6.734.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2036.2001.01132.x"},{"key":"2025090722514419000_57.6.734.28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1644","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v11.i11.1644","article-title":"Impact of Helicobacter pylori infection on ghrelin and various neuroendocrine hormones in plasma.","volume":"11","author":"Isomoto","year":"2005","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2025090722514419000_57.6.734.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.52.5.637"},{"key":"2025090722514419000_57.6.734.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2007.01116.x"}],"container-title":["Gut"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/gut.2007.132662","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,8]],"date-time":"2025-09-08T05:51:56Z","timestamp":1757310716000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/gut.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/gut.2007.132662"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,19]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,5,13]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/gut.2007.132662"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/gut.2007.132662","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.1098164.554165","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0017-5749","1468-3288"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0017-5749","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-3288","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,19]]}}}