{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T16:10:45Z","timestamp":1791216645830,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gut"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Abdominal bloating and visible distention are common yet poorly understood symptoms. Epidemiological data distinguishing visible distention from bloating are not available. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence and potential risk factors for abdominal bloating and visible distention separately in a representative US population, and their association with other functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The validated Talley Bowel Disease Questionnaire was mailed to a cohort selected at random from the population of Olmsted County, Minnesota. The complete medical records of responders were abstracted; 2259 subjects (53% females; mean age 62 years) provided bloating and distention data.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The age and sex-adjusted (US White 2000) overall prevalence per 100 for bloating was 19.0 [95% confidence interval (CI), 16.9 to 21.2] vs 8.9 (95% CI, 7.2 to 10.6) for visible distention. Significantly increased odds for bloating alone and separately for distention (vs neither) were detected in females, and in those with higher overall Somatic Symptom Checklist (SSC) scores and higher scores of each individual SSC item. Further, females [odds ratio (OR), 1.5; 95% CI, 1.0 to 2.1], higher SSC score (OR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.1 to 1.8), constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (OR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.3 to 4.1), dyspepsia (OR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.1 to 3.2), and gastro-intestinal symptom complex overlap (OR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.1 to 2.7) significantly increased odds for distention over bloating alone.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Bloating and distention are common and have similar risk factors; somatisation probably plays a role.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2007.142810","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,5,13]],"date-time":"2008-05-13T14:09:56Z","timestamp":1210687796000},"page":"756-763","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":117,"title":["Prevalence and risk factors for abdominal bloating and visible distention: a population-based study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"X","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"III","given":"G R","family":"Locke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R S","family":"Choung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A R","family":"Zinsmeister","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C D","family":"Schleck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N J","family":"Talley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,5,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121310325797000_57.6.756.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2005.00666.x"},{"key":"2025121310325797000_57.6.756.2","unstructured":"Longstreth GF Thompson WG Chey WD . Functional bowel disorders. In: Drossman D A , ed. ROME II. I The Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders , third edn. Mclean, Virginia: Degnon Associates, Inc, 2006: 487\u2013555."},{"key":"2025121310325797000_57.6.756.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.45.2008.ii43"},{"key":"2025121310325797000_57.6.756.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2003.07699.x"},{"key":"2025121310325797000_57.6.756.5","unstructured":"Thompson WG Longstreth GF Drossman DA . Functional bowel disorders and functional abdominal pain. In: Drossman D A Talley N J Thompson W G Whitehead W E Corazza G R , eds. Rome II. Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders: Diagnosis, Pathophysiology, and Treatment , second edn. 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