{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T02:19:25Z","timestamp":1774577965421,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gut"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,14]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Previous studies suggest that women with coeliac disease (CD) have reproductive difficulties but the data are often inconclusive and contradictory. Fertility in women with biopsy-verified CD was examined.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Swedish population-based cohort study. Duodenal\/jejunal biopsy data on CD (Marsh III; villous atrophy (VA); n=18\u2008005 unique women) were collected from all (n=28) pathology departments in Sweden. From this dataset, 11\u2008495 women with CD, aged 18\u201345\u2005years, were identified at some point before the end of follow-up. Multinomial logistic regression and Cox regression were used to estimate fertility in these women compared with that in 51\u2008109 age-matched reference women. Fertility was defined as the number of children according to the Swedish Multi-Generation Register.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>During follow-up, 16\u2008309 births occurred in women with CD and 69\u2008245 in the reference women. The cumulative number of children slightly increased in women with CD compared with the reference group. Adjusting for age, calendar period and parity and stratifying by education, the overall fertility hazard ratio (HR) in CD was 1.03 (95% CI 1.01 to 1.05). Specifically, the fertility HR was 1.05 (95% CI 0.96 to 1.14) for CD diagnosed in women before 18\u2005years, 1.04 (95% CI 1.01 to 1.07) for CD diagnosed in women between 18 and 45\u2005years and 1.02 (95% CI 0.99 to 1.04) for CD diagnosed in women &gt; 45\u2005years of age. Taking date of CD diagnosis into account, fertility was decreased 0\u20132\u2005years before time of diagnosis (HR=0.63; 95% CI 0.57 to 0.70), was identical to that of controls 0\u20135\u2005years subsequent to diagnosis and increased to 1.12 (95% CI 1.03 to 1.21) thereafter.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overall, women with CD had a normal fertility, but their fertility was decreased in the last 2\u2005years preceding CD diagnosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2010.219030","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,14]],"date-time":"2010-10-14T18:30:15Z","timestamp":1287081015000},"page":"1471-1475","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":66,"title":["A nationwide population-based study to determine whether coeliac disease is associated with infertility"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Daniela","family":"Zugna","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Richiardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olof","family":"Akre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olof","family":"Stephansson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonas F","family":"Ludvigsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121307203505000_59.11.1471.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2005.02.014"},{"key":"2025121307203505000_59.11.1471.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.04.007"},{"key":"2025121307203505000_59.11.1471.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38169.486701.7C"},{"key":"2025121307203505000_59.11.1471.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2006.03203.x","article-title":"Coeliac disease and the risk of fractures - a general population-based cohort study","volume":"25","author":"Ludvigsson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"2025121307203505000_59.11.1471.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gastro.2005.05.065","article-title":"Celiac disease and risk of adverse fetal outcome: a population-based cohort study","volume":"129","author":"Ludvigsson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2025121307203505000_59.11.1471.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.46.3.332"},{"key":"2025121307203505000_59.11.1471.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60254-3"},{"key":"2025121307203505000_59.11.1471.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)14027-5"},{"key":"2025121307203505000_59.11.1471.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2001-0035"},{"key":"2025121307203505000_59.11.1471.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/14.11.2759"},{"key":"2025121307203505000_59.11.1471.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1999.tb08218.x"},{"key":"2025121307203505000_59.11.1471.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00365529709002992"},{"key":"2025121307203505000_59.11.1471.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.39.3.382"},{"key":"2025121307203505000_59.11.1471.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1159\/000201155","article-title":"Female fertility, obstetric and gynaecological history in coeliac disease. 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