{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T03:58:40Z","timestamp":1769054320276,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gut"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,25]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Cancers of the upper gastrointestinal tract remain a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Cysteine, known to be involved in a myriad of immuno-modulatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-carcinogenic pathways, has not been investigated in the aetiology of oesophageal or gastric cancers. To examine the relationship between serum cysteine concentration and risk of these cancers we conducted a nested case\u2013cohort study within the General Population Nutrition Intervention Trial in Linxian, China.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>498 oesophageal squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs) and 255 gastric cardia adenocarcinomas (GCAs) were matched by age and sex to 947 individuals from the wider cohort. We calculated HRs and 95% CIs using the case\u2013cohort estimator for the Cox proportional hazards models, stratified on age and sex, with adjustment for potential confounders.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Higher concentrations of serum cysteine were significantly associated with a lower risk of both OSCC and GCA. For those in the highest quartile of serum cysteine, compared to those in the lowest, the multivariate HRs were 0.70 for OSCC (95% CI 0.51 to 0.98) and 0.59 for GCA (95% CI 0.38 to 0.91). These associations were dose dependent (p for trend=0.006 and 0.008, respectively). These inverse associations were not significantly modified by other risk factors, with the exception of age, where a stronger association was noted among persons in the older age strata.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Higher serum concentrations of cysteine were associated with a significantly reduced risk of OSCC and GCA. Cysteine should be further investigated for its potential as a chemopreventive agent for upper gastrointestinal cancers.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2010.225854","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,17]],"date-time":"2011-01-17T22:36:18Z","timestamp":1295303778000},"page":"618-623","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Prospective study of serum cysteine levels and oesophageal and gastric cancers in China"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Gwen","family":"Murphy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jin-Hu","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steven D","family":"Mark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sanford M","family":"Dawsey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jacob","family":"Selhub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianbing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philip R","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"You-Lin","family":"Qiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian C","family":"Abnet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025090713135217000_60.5.618.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/130.2.129","article-title":"Folate and carcinogenesis: an integrated scheme1-3","volume":"130","author":"Choi","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"2025090713135217000_60.5.618.2","unstructured":"Bailey LB Moyers S Gregory JF III . 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