{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,7]],"date-time":"2025-12-07T03:10:27Z","timestamp":1765077027542,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gut"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1980,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This study was undertaken to assess the frequency of development and the stages of evolution of chronic liver disease in patients with renal failure who are chronic carriers of hepatitis B surface antigen. Cirrhosis or chronic active hepatitis developed in five of 21 patients and could not be predicted by the initial histological appearance or by HLA-A and B typing but was associated with the e antigen in four of the five patients. However, the antigen was not a consistent indicator of a poor prognosis, as the four other e antigen positive patients did not develop chronic liver disease during the period of the study. Transmission of hepatitis B to spouses occurred in four cases, was fatal in one instance, and was associated with e antigen in three of the four. Determination of e antigen status in renal unit patients who are carriers of hepatitis B surface antigen may be of value to the patient and his home environment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.21.2.118","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,18]],"date-time":"2007-09-18T17:41:31Z","timestamp":1190137291000},"page":"118-122","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Liver disease and the e antigen in HBsAg carriers with chronic renal failure."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"G P","family":"Coughlin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A G","family":"Van Deth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A P","family":"Disney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Hay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A G","family":"Wangel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1980,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","article-title":"Annotation: Hepatitis and the artificial kidney","year":"1965","unstructured":"Annotation: Hepatitis and the artificial kidney. Lancet 1965;2: 1000.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"567","article-title":"Australia antigen associated hepatitis epidemic in a hemodialysis unit. The AV test","volume":"16","author":"London, W.T.; DiFiglia, M.; Al, Sutnick; Ziegenfuss, J.; Blumberg, B.S.","year":"1968","unstructured":"London WT, DiFiglia M, Sutnick Al, Ziegenfuss J, Blumberg BS. Australia antigen associated hepatitis epidemic in a hemodialysis unit. The AV test (Abstract) Clin Res 1968; 16: 567.","journal-title":"(Abstract) Clin Res"},{"issue":"281","key":"ref_3","first-page":"571","article-title":"An epidemic of hepatitis in a chronic-hemodialysis unit","volume":"1969","author":"London, W.T.; DiFiglia, M.; Al, Sutnick; Blumberg, B.S.","unstructured":"London WT, DiFiglia M, Sutnick Al, Blumberg BS. An epidemic of hepatitis in a chronic-hemodialysis unit. New EnglJ Med 1969; 281: 571-8.","journal-title":"New EnglJ Med"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1973.03650070013003","article-title":"Hepatitis affecting hemodialysis and transplant patients","volume":"132","author":"Briggs, W.A.; Lazarus, J.M.; Birtch, A.G.; Hampers, C.L.; Hager, E.B.; Merrill, J.P.","year":"1973","unstructured":"Briggs WA, Lazarus JM, Birtch AG, Hampers CL, Hager EB, Merrill JP. Hepatitis affecting hemodialysis and transplant patients. Arch Intern Med 1973; 132: 21-28.","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-5994.1975.tb03264.x","article-title":"auto-antibodies and liver disease in a haemodialysis and transplantation unit","volume":"5","year":"1975","unstructured":"-Campion EC, Wangel AG, Lawrence JR. Hepatitis B antigen, auto-antibodies and liver disease in a haemodialysis and transplantation unit. Aust NZ J Med 1975; 5: 314-8.","journal-title":"Aust NZ J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref_6","first-page":"1495","article-title":"Immune response to HBsAg and the spectrum of liver lesions in HB8Ag-positive patients with chronic renal disease","volume":"1976","author":"Galbraith, R.M.; El Sheikh, N.; Portmann, B.","unstructured":"Galbraith RM, El Sheikh N, Portmann B et al. Immune response to HBsAg and the spectrum of liver lesions in HB8Ag-positive patients with chronic renal disease. Br MedJ 1976: 1; 1495-7.","journal-title":"Br MedJ"},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"\"25","article-title":"Staining methods of Australia antigen in paraffin section-detection of cytoplasmic inclusion bodies","volume":"44","author":"Shikata, T.; Uzawa, T.; Yoshiwara, N.; Akatsuka, T.; Yamazaki, S.","year":"1974","unstructured":"Shikata T, Uzawa T, Yoshiwara N, Akatsuka T, Yamazaki S. Staining methods of Australia antigen in paraffin section-detection of cytoplasmic inclusion bodies. Jpn J Exp Med 1974; 44: 25-36. \"De Groote J, Desmet VJ, Gedigk P et al. A classification of chronic hepatitis. Lancet 1968; 2: 626-8. 9Scheuer PJ Liver biopsy interpretation 2nd ed. London: Balliere Tindall; 1973: 56-73.","edition":"2nd ed","journal-title":"Jpn J Exp Med; A classification of chronic hepatitis. Lancet 1968; 2: 626-8. 9Scheuer PJ Liver biopsy interpretation"},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"\"804","article-title":"Detection of e antigen and antibody: correlations with hepatitis B surface and hepatitis B core antigens, liver disease, and outcome in hepatitis B infections","volume":"71","author":"Trepo, C.G.; Magnius, L.O.; Schaefer, R.A.; Prince, A.M.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Trepo CG, Magnius LO, Schaefer RA, Prince AM. Detection of e antigen and antibody: correlations with hepatitis B surface and hepatitis B core antigens, liver disease, and outcome in hepatitis B infections. Gastroenterology 1976; 71: 804-8..1Mittal KK, Mickey MR, Singal DP, Terasaki PI. Serotyping for homotransplantation. XVIII. Refinement of microdroplet lymphocyte cytotoxicity test. Transplantation 1968; 6: 913-27.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology; Serotyping for homotransplantation. XVIII. Refinement of microdroplet lymphocyte cytotoxicity test"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197609022951001","article-title":"Effect of human leukocyte interferon on hepatitis B virus infection in patients with chronic hepatitis","volume":"295","author":"Greenberg, H.B.; Pollard, R.B.; Lutwick, L.I.; Gregory, P.B.; Robinson, W.S.; Merigan, T.C.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Greenberg HB, Pollard RB, Lutwick LI, Gregory PB, Robinson WS, Merigan TC. Effect of human leukocyte interferon on hepatitis B virus infection in patients with chronic hepatitis. New Eng J Med 1976; 295: 517-22.","journal-title":"New Eng J Med"},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"2","article-title":"Modification of chronic hepatitis-B virus infection in chimpanzees by administration of an interferon'inducer","volume":"1976","author":"Purcell, R.H.; London, W.T.; McAuliffe, V.J.","unstructured":"Purcell RH, London WT, McAuliffe VJ, et al. Modification of chronic hepatitis-B virus infection in chimpanzees by administration of an interferon'inducer. Lancet 1976: 2: 757-761.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"543","article-title":"Significance of suspected 'chronic aggressive hepatitis'","volume-title":"acute hepatitis. Gastroenterology","volume":"73","author":"Fauerholdt, L.; Asnaes, S.; Ranek, L.; Schi0dt, T.; Tygstrup, N.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Fauerholdt L, Asnaes S, Ranek L, Schi0dt T, Tygstrup N. Significance of suspected 'chronic aggressive hepatitis' in acute hepatitis. Gastroenterology 1977; 73: 543-8."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1159\/000198011","article-title":"HLA in different forms of chronic active hepatitis","volume":"15","author":"Freudenberg, J.; Baumann, H.; Arnold, W.; Berger, J.Meyer zum Biischenfelde; K.H.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Freudenberg J, Baumann H, Arnold W, Berger, J Meyer zum Biischenfelde KH, HLA in different forms of chronic active hepatitis. Digestion 1977; 15: 260-70.","journal-title":"Digestion"},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"793","article-title":"Association of autoimmune active chronic hepatitis with HL-A","volume":"2","author":"Mackay, I.R.; Morris, P.J.","year":"1972","unstructured":"Mackay IR, Morris PJ. Association of autoimmune active chronic hepatitis with HL-A 1, 8. Lancet 1972; 2:793-5."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01468323","article-title":"HL-A bei Lebererkrankungen","volume":"51","author":"Freudenberg, J.; Erdmann, K.; Meyer zum Buschenfelde, K.H.; Forster, E.; Berger, J.","year":"1973","unstructured":"Freudenberg J, Erdmann K, Meyer zum Buschenfelde KH, Forster E, Berger J. HL-A bei Lebererkrankungen. Klin Wochenschr 1973; 51: 1075-76.","journal-title":"Klin Wochenschr"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(77)80314-4","article-title":"Histocompatibility antigens in chronic liver disease","volume":"72","author":"Scott, B.B.; Rajah, S.M.; Losowsky, M.S.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Scott BB, Rajah SM, Losowsky MS. Histocompatibility antigens in chronic liver disease. Gastroenterotogy 1977; 72: 122-5.","journal-title":"Gastroenterotogy"},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"8","article-title":"phenotype association and HBs antigenemia evolution in 440 hemodialyzed patients","volume":"1","author":"Descamps, B.; Jungers, P.; Naret, C.; Degott, C.; Zingraff, J.; Bach, F.J.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Descamps B, Jungers P, Naret C, Degott C, Zingraff J, Bach FJ. HLA-A1, B8 phenotype association and HBs antigenemia evolution in 440 hemodialyzed patients. Digestion 1977; 15: 271-277.","journal-title":"Digestion"},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"1017","article-title":"New specificities in Australia antigen positive sera distinct from the Le Bouvier determinants","volume":"109","author":"Magnius, L.O.; Espmark, J.A.","year":"1972","unstructured":"Magnius LO, Espmark JA. New specificities in Australia antigen positive sera distinct from the Le Bouvier determinants. Jlmmunol 1972; 109: 1017-21.","journal-title":"Jlmmunol"},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"913","article-title":"Incidence and meaning of the 'e' determinant among hepatitis-B antigen positive patients with acute and chronic liver diseases","volume":"2","year":"1974","unstructured":"'Nielsen JO, Dietrichson 0, Juhl E. Incidence and meaning of the 'e' determinant among hepatitis-B antigen positive patients with acute and chronic liver diseases. Lancet 1974; 2: 913-5.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.6012.740","article-title":"e antigen in acute hepatitis B","volume":"1","author":"Norkrans, G.; Magnius, L.; Iwarson, S.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Norkrans G, Magnius L, Iwarson S. e antigen in acute hepatitis B. Br MedJ 1976; 1: 740-2.","journal-title":"Br MedJ"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/134.1.85","article-title":"Dane particleassociated DNA polymerase and e antigen: relation to chronic hepatitis among carriers of hepatitis B surface antigen","volume":"134","author":"Nordenfelt, E.; Andren-Sandberg, M.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Nordenfelt E, Andren-Sandberg M. Dane particleassociated DNA polymerase and e antigen: relation to chronic hepatitis among carriers of hepatitis B surface antigen. JInfec Dis 1976; 134: 85-9.","journal-title":"JInfec Dis"},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"126","article-title":"Behaviour of e antigen and antibody during chronic active liver disease. Relation to HB antigen-antibody system and prognosis","volume":"2","author":"Vogten, A.J.M.; Schalm, S.W.; Summerskill, W.H.J.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Vogten AJM, Schalm SW, Summerskill WHJ et al. Behaviour of e antigen and antibody during chronic active liver disease. Relation to HB antigen-antibody system and prognosis. Lancet 1976; 2: 126-8.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(77)80090-5","article-title":"Contagiousness of acute hepatitis B. Secondary attack rates in household contacts","volume":"72","year":"1977","unstructured":"Koff RS, Slavin M M, Connelly LJD, Rosen DR. Contagiousness of acute hepatitis B. Secondary attack rates in household contacts. Gastroenterology 1977; 72: 297-300.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"}],"container-title":["Gut"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/gut.21.2.118","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,7]],"date-time":"2025-12-07T02:18:19Z","timestamp":1765073899000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/gut.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/gut.21.2.118"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1980,2]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1980,2,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1980,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/gut.21.2.118"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/gut.21.2.118","relation":{},"ISSN":["0017-5749","1468-3288"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0017-5749"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1468-3288"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1980,2]]}}}