{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T22:30:26Z","timestamp":1769207426464,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gut"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1981,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Myoelectrical activity was recorded from the human antrum on 136 occasions using a monopolar mucosal electrode in preoperative and post-vagotomy patients, and bipolar serosal electrodes in post-cholecystectomy patients, and the incidence of antral arrhythmias observed. Arrhythmias of long duration were observed in five out of 62 patients after vagotomy and one out of 10 patients after cholecystectomy, but not in preoperative patients. They were characterised by slow waves with increased frequency, variable period, amplitude, and wave shape and were associated with periods of slow wave inhibition. None of the patients with an arrhythmia had any symptoms of disordered gastric motility. Antral arrhythmias could also be induced in some patients by the administration of insulin, secretin, cholecystokinin-pancreozymin, glucagon, and pentagastrin. The appearance of antral arrhythmias is probably due to a relative increase of sympathetic over parasympathetic activity. The maximal slow wave frequency observed was 8.3 cycles per minute and it is probable that in vivo human antral smooth muscle has a maximum frequency above which it cannot be driven.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.22.9.705","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,18]],"date-time":"2007-09-18T17:41:31Z","timestamp":1190137291000},"page":"705-712","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":104,"title":["Electrical arrhythmias in the human stomach."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"C J","family":"Stoddard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R H","family":"Smallwood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H L","family":"Duthie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1981,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800571211","article-title":"Electrical activity of the gastric antrum in man","volume":"57","author":"Kwong, N.K.; Brown, B.H.; Whittaker, G.E.; Duthie, H.L.","year":"1970","unstructured":"Kwong NK, Brown BH, Whittaker GE, Duthie HL. Electrical activity of the gastric antrum in man. Br J Surg 1970; 57: 913-6.","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02239136","article-title":"Electrical activity of the normal human stomach: a comparative study of the recordings obtained from the serosal and mucosal sides","volume":"17","author":"Couturier, D.; Roze, C.; Paolaggi, J.; Debray, C.","year":"1972","unstructured":"Couturier D, Roze C, Paolaggi J, Debray C. Electrical activity of the normal human stomach: a comparative study of the recordings obtained from the serosal and mucosal sides. Am J Dig Dis 1972; 17: 969-76.","journal-title":"Am J Dig Dis"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"247","article-title":"Motor and electrical activity of the gastroduodenal junction","volume-title":"(Abstract) Fed Proc 1961","volume":"20","author":"Carlson, H.C.; Nelson, R.A.; Code, C.F.","unstructured":"Carlson HC, Nelson RA, Code CF. Motor and electrical activity of the gastroduodenal junction. (Abstract) Fed Proc 1961; 20: 247."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"1969","article-title":"Electrical activity of gastric musculature. In: Handbook of physiology","volume":"4","author":"Daniel, E.E.; Irwin, J.","year":"6,","unstructured":"Daniel EE, Irwin J. Electrical activity of gastric musculature. In: Handbook of physiology. Washington DC: American Physiological Society, 1968: Section 6, Vol 4: 1969-86."},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"\"461","article-title":"Patterns of canine gastric electrical activity","volume":"217","author":"Kelly, K.A.; Code, C.F.; Elveback, L.R.","year":"1969","unstructured":"Kelly KA, Code CF, Elveback LR. Patterns of canine gastric electrical activity. Am J Physiol 1969; 217: 461-70. 6Kelly KA and La Force RC. Pacing the canine stomach with electrical stimulation. Am J Physiol 1972; 222: 588-94.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol; 6Kelly KA and La Force RC. 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