{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,6]],"date-time":"2025-12-06T04:11:08Z","timestamp":1764994268886,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gut"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1982,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Eighteen patients with achalasia of the cardia diagnosed by radiography, endoscopy, and manometry were subjected to forced pneumatic dilatation under fluoroscopic control. The procedure was uneventful in all but one patient who developed a pneumomediastinum which resolved on conservative management. A satisfactory result was obtained in 16 patients (89%), 10 patients remaining asymptomatic and six patients having mild symptoms only in follow-up periods of up to 10 years. Only two patients have unsatisfactory results, one having developed a peptic stricture and one having a fibrosed incompetent lower oesophageal stricture with moderate reflux. The success rate of forced dilatation is similar to that of cardiomyotomy but, as it is a relatively minor procedure with a low incidence of complications and a short hospital stay, we conclude that there is an important place for forced pneumatic dilatation in the first line management of achalasia of the cardia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.23.6.541","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,18]],"date-time":"2007-09-18T17:41:31Z","timestamp":1190137291000},"page":"541-544","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Management of achalasia of the cardia by forced pneumatic dilatation."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"A H","family":"Lishman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A W","family":"Dellipiani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1982,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1217","article-title":"Treatment of achalasia with pneumatic dilatation","volume":"7","author":"Bennett, JR, Hendrix; T.R.","year":"1970","unstructured":"Bennett JR, Hendrix TR. Treatment of achalasia with pneumatic dilatation. Mod Treatment 1970; 7: 1217-28.","journal-title":"Mod Treatment"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"236","article-title":"Treatment of achalasia","volume-title":"of the cardia. Gastroenterology 1966; 51","author":"Nanson, E.M.","unstructured":"Nanson EM. Treatment of achalasia of the cardia. Gastroenterology 1966; 51: 236-41."},{"issue":"113","key":"ref_3","first-page":"1963","article-title":"A new instrument for use in esophagospasm","volume":"1939","author":"Browne, D.C.; McHardy, G.","unstructured":"Browne DC, McHardy G. A new instrument for use in esophagospasm. JAMA 1939; 113: 1963-4.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1964.03060300017003","article-title":"Bouginage, forceful dilatation and surgery in the management of achalasia","volume":"188","author":"Benedict, E.B.","year":"1964","unstructured":"Benedict EB. Bouginage, forceful dilatation and surgery in the management of achalasia. JAMA 1964; 188: 355-7.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"640","article-title":"Esophagomyotomy of esophageal achalasia: experimental, clinical and manometric aspects","volume":"166","author":"Ellis, F.H.; Kiser, J.C.; Schlegel, J.F.; Earlam, R.J.; McVey, J.L.; Olsen, A.M.","year":"1968","unstructured":"Ellis FH, Kiser JC, Schlegel JF, Earlam RJ, McVey JL, Olsen AM. Esophagomyotomy of esophageal achalasia: experimental, clinical and manometric aspects. Ann Surg 1968; 166: 640-56.","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-196007000-00001","article-title":"An evaluation of the modified Hellers operation in the treatment of achalasia of the esophagus","volume":"152","author":"Ferguson, T.B.; Burford, T.H.","year":"1960","unstructured":"Ferguson TB, Burford TH. 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Gastroenterology 1963; 45","author":"Kurlander, D.J.; Rankin, H.F.; Kirsner, J.B.; Palmer, W.L.","unstructured":"Kurlander DJ, Rankin HF, Kirsner JB, Palmer WL. Therapeutic value of the pneumatic dilator in achalasia of the esophagus. Gastroenterology 1963; 45: 604-13."},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"116","article-title":"Achalasia of the esophagus: result of therapy by dilatation","volume":"58","author":"Sanderson, D.R.; Ellis, F.H.; Olsen, A.M.","year":"1970","unstructured":"Sanderson DR, Ellis FH, Olsen AM. Achalasia of the esophagus: result of therapy by dilatation. Chest 1970; 58: 116-21.","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.12.4.268","article-title":"Treatment of achalasia with pneumatic dilatation","volume":"12","author":"Vantrappen, G.; Hellemans, J.; Deloof, W.; Valembois, P.; Vandenbrouke, J.","year":"1971","unstructured":"Vantrappen G, Hellemans J, Deloof W, Valembois P, Vandenbrouke J. 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