{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T08:34:50Z","timestamp":1782549290344,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gut"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1983,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Using sensitive and specific radioimmunoassays, concentrations of hormonal peptides have been measured in small biopsies taken from the human stomach, duodenum, and proximal jejunum. Comparison is made of these hormone concentrations and the number of respective endocrine cells present determined by quantitative immunocytochemistry. Immunoreactive somatostatin, VIP, motilin, and gastrin were detected in all regions examined, whereas secretin and GIP were undetectable in antral extracts. Enteroglucagon-like immunoreactivity was present only at and beyond the ligament of Treitz, although a few enteroglucagon-producing cells were shown by immunocytochemistry in the duodenum. The variation of hormone concentration was found to be small in these biopsies of normal tissue within each region of the gut examined, indicating that representative hormone concentrations may be reliably obtained from small biopsy tissues. An attempt has been made to establish reference values for gut hormone concentrations in such biopsies; this may allow future study of any changes in concentration that may occur in pathological conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.24.2.114","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,18]],"date-time":"2007-09-18T17:41:31Z","timestamp":1190137291000},"page":"114-119","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Measurement of gut hormonal peptides in biopsies from human stomach and proximal small intestine."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"M G","family":"Bryant","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S R","family":"Bloom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J M","family":"Polak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Hobbs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W","family":"Domschke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Domschke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P","family":"Mitznegg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H","family":"Ruppin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L","family":"Demling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1983,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","article-title":"application of this 1 Bryant MG. Bloom SR. The distribution of the gut methodology could clarify such issues. By studying hormones in the primate intestinal tract. Gut 1979; 20: groups of patients with different gut diseases, even 65-3-9","author":"abnormalities. Clearly","unstructured":"abnormalities. Clearly, application of this 1 Bryant MG. Bloom SR. The distribution of the gut methodology could clarify such issues. By studying hormones in the primate intestinal tract. Gut 1979; 20: groups of patients with different gut diseases, even 65-3-9."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"3","article-title":"Normal distribution and postprandial release of gut hormones","volume":"49","author":"JPS, Bloom SR. Bryant MG. Cochrane","year":"1975","unstructured":"Bloom SR. Bryant MG. Cochrane JPS. Normal distribution and postprandial release of gut hormones. Clin Sci Molec Med 1975; 49: 3P.","journal-title":"Clin Sci Molec Med"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.18.3.191","article-title":"Plasma secretin and pancreatic bicarbonate response to exogenous spcretin in man","volume":"18","author":"Hacki, W.H.; Bloom, SR, Mitznegg; P.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Hacki WH, Bloom SR, Mitznegg P et al. Plasma secretin and pancreatic bicarbonate response to exogenous spcretin in man. Gut 1977; 18: 191-5.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"1","article-title":"from this study, for future research, is the suitability of these techniques for the study of locally acting substances within the gut - for example, VIP and somatostatin. Such substances, which act mainly on neighbouring tissues within the gut, rarely reach the peripheral circulatory system in biologically significant amounts in normal circumstances. Consequently, the physiology of these substances can be Diabetologia","volume":"13","year":"1977","unstructured":"from this study, for future research, is the suitability of these techniques for the study of locally acting substances within the gut - for example, VIP and somatostatin. Such substances, which act mainly on neighbouring tissues within the gut, rarely reach the peripheral circulatory system in biologically significant amounts in normal circumstances. Consequently, the physiology of these substances can be Diabetologia 1977; 13: 1-6."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.19.11.1043","article-title":"Measurement of fasting and postprandial plasma VIP in man","volume":"19","author":"Mitchell, S.J.; Bloom, SR","year":"1978","unstructured":"Mitchell SJ, Bloom SR. Measurement of fasting and postprandial plasma VIP in man. Gut 1978; 19: 1043-8.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref_6","first-page":"47","article-title":"Measurement of human plasma motilin","volume":"1976","author":"Bloom SR. Mitznegg P, Bryant MG","unstructured":"Bloom SR. Mitznegg P, Bryant MG. Measurement of human plasma motilin. Scand J Gastroenterol 1976; 2: suppl 39, 47-52.","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"178","article-title":"Enzymic iodination of the histidyl residue of secretin: a radioimmunoassay of the hormone. Biochim Biophys readily investigated only in tissues","volume":"322","author":"RF, Holohan K.N.Murphy; RW, Flanagan","year":"1973","unstructured":"Holohan KN. Murphy RF, Flanagan RW et al. Enzymic iodination of the histidyl residue of secretin: a radioimmunoassay of the hormone. Biochim Biophys readily investigated only in tissues. This technique Acta 1973; 322: 178-80.","journal-title":"This technique Acta"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01004561","article-title":"Bifunctional reagents as vapour and liquid phase fixatives for immunohistochemistry","volume":"7","author":"Pearse, A.G.E.; Polak, J.M.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Pearse AGE, Polak JM. Bifunctional reagents as vapour and liquid phase fixatives for immunohistochemistry. Histochem J 1975; 7: 179-86.","journal-title":"Histochem J"},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"142","article-title":"The unlabelled antibody enzyme method","author":"Sternberger, L.","year":"1974","unstructured":"Sternberger L. The unlabelled antibody enzyme method. Inglewood Cliff. NJ: Prentice Hall, 1974: 142-61."},{"key":"ref_10","article-title":"Cellular endocrinology of the gut and pancreas","author":"Polak, J.M.; Pearse, A.G.E.; Gibson, S.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Polak JM, Pearse AGE, Gibson S. Cellular endocrinology of the gut and pancreas. In: Fujita T, ed. Endocrine gut and pancreas. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1976."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1042\/bj1210561","article-title":"sensitive saturation assay method for the measurement of adenosine 3': 5'-cyclic monophosphate","volume":"121","year":"1971","unstructured":"19 sensitive saturation assay method for the measurement of adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate. Biochem J 1971; 121: 561-2.","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)52451-6","article-title":"Protein measurement with the folin phenol reagent","volume":"193","author":"Lowry, O.H.; Farr, Rosebrough N.J.; A.L.","year":"1951","unstructured":"Lowry OH, Rosebrough NJ. Farr AL et al. Protein measurement with the folin phenol reagent. J Biol Chem 1951; 193: 265-75.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1042\/bj0620315","article-title":"A study of the conditions and mechanism of the diphenylamine reaction for the colorimetric estimation of deoxyribonucleic acid","volume":"62","author":"Burton, K.","year":"1956","unstructured":"Burton K. A study of the conditions and mechanism of the diphenylamine reaction for the colorimetric estimation of deoxyribonucleic acid. Biochem J 1956; 62: 315-23.","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"991","article-title":"Possible dual role for vasoactive intestinal peptide as gastro-intestinal hormone and neurotransmitter substance","volume":"I:","author":"Bloom, SR, Bryant M.G.; JM, Polak","year":"1976","unstructured":"Bryant MG. Bloom SR, Polak JM et al. Possible dual role for vasoactive intestinal peptide as gastro-intestinal hormone and neurotransmitter substance. Lancet 1976: I: 991-3.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_15","article-title":"Gastrin heterogeneity in serum and tissue: a progress report","author":"J, Rehfeld J.F.Stadil F.Malmstrom","year":"1975","unstructured":"Rehfeld JF. Stadil F. Malmstrom J et al. Gastrin heterogeneity in serum and tissue: a progress report. In: Thompson JC. ed. Gastrointestinal hormones. Austin and London: University of Texas Press. 1975."}],"container-title":["Gut"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/gut.24.2.114","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]],"date-time":"2025-12-13T16:30:44Z","timestamp":1765643444000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/gut.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/gut.24.2.114"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1983,2]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1983,2,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1983,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/gut.24.2.114"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/gut.24.2.114","relation":{},"ISSN":["0017-5749","1468-3288"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0017-5749","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-3288","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1983,2]]}}}