{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T21:21:10Z","timestamp":1771017670193,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gut"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1984,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Previous methods for measuring intestinal permeability involve the urinary measurements of various poorly digested sugar or inert poly(ethylene glycol) polymers after their oral administration. The results reflect a variety of gastrointestinal parameters including transit time, mucosal surface area and transfer, mesenteric blood and\/or lymphatic flow and renal function, as well as mucosal permeability. A new in vitro method for direct measurements of mucosal permeability to three probes is described and permeability is shown to be inversely related to the molecular weight of the probe molecule. Using this technique, a persistent increase in mucosal permeability to certain probes (molecular weight less than 1500 daltons) has been shown in patients with coeliac disease in whom treatment by strict gluten withdrawal has been accompanied by restoration of intestinal histological normality. It is suggested that this finding represents a primary defect in this syndrome.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.25.2.145","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,18]],"date-time":"2007-09-18T17:41:31Z","timestamp":1190137291000},"page":"145-150","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":71,"title":["In vitro determination of small intestinal permeability: demonstration of a persistent defect in patients with coeliac disease."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"I","family":"Bjarnason","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T J","family":"Peters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1984,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(19)32197-3","article-title":"Measurements of intestinal permeability using low molecular weight polyethylene glycols (PEG 400). II. Application to normal and abnormal permeability states in man and animals","volume":"73","author":"Chadwick, V.S.; Phillips, S.F.; Hofmann, A.F.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Chadwick VS, Phillips SF, Hofmann AF. Measurements of intestinal permeability using low molecular weight polyethylene glycols (PEG 400). II. Application to normal and abnormal permeability states in man and animals. Gastroenterology 1977; 73: 247-51.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(79)92507-8","article-title":"Abnormal intestinal permeability to sugars in villous atrophy","volume":"2","author":"Menzies, I.S.; Pounder, R.; Heyer, S.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Menzies IS, Pounder R, Heyer S et al. Abnormal intestinal permeability to sugars in villous atrophy. Lancet 1979; 2: 1107-9.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"212","article-title":"Intestinal permeability and screening tests for coeliac disease","volume":"21","author":"Cobden, I.; Rothwell, J.; Axon, A.T.R.","year":"1980","unstructured":"Cobden I, Rothwell J, Axon ATR. Intestinal permeability and screening tests for coeliac disease. Gut 1980; 21: 212-8.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"1285","article-title":"Intestinal permeability in patients with eczema and food allergy","volume":"1","author":"Jackson, P.G.; Baker, R.W.R.; Lessof, M.H.; Ferrett, J.; MacDonald, D.M.","year":"1981","unstructured":"Jackson PG, Baker RWR, Lessof MH, Ferrett J, MacDonald DM. Intestinal permeability in patients with eczema and food allergy. Lancet 1981; 1: 1285-6.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01314757","article-title":"Low-molecular weights polyethylene glycol as a probe of gastrointestinal permeability after alcohol ingestion","volume":"26","author":"Robinson, G.M.; Orrego, H.; Israel, Y.; Devenyi, P.; Kapur, B.M.","year":"1981","unstructured":"Robinson GM, Orrego H, Israel Y, Devenyi P, Kapur BM. Low-molecular weights polyethylene glycol as a probe of gastrointestinal permeability after alcohol ingestion. Dig Dis Sci 1981; 26: 971-7.","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"21","article-title":"Abnormal small intestinal permeability to sugars in patients with Crohn's disease of the ileum and colon","volume":"61","author":"Ukabam, S.O.; Clamp, JR, Cooper; B.T.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Ukabam SO, Clamp JR, Cooper BT. Abnormal small intestinal permeability to sugars in patients with Crohn's disease of the ileum and colon. Clin Sci 1982; 61: 21-2P. 7 Cobden I, Dickinson RJ, Rothwell J, Axon ATR.","journal-title":"Clin Sci; Axon ATR"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.6144.1060","article-title":"Intestinal permeability assessed by excretion ratios of two molecules. Results in coeliac disease","volume":"2","year":"1978","unstructured":"Intestinal permeability assessed by excretion ratios of two molecules. Results in coeliac disease. Br Med J 1978; 2: 1060.","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.23.3.202","article-title":"Intestinal permeability in coeliac disease. The response to gluten withdrawal and single dose gluten challenge","volume":"23","author":"Hamilton, I.; Cobden, I.; Rothwell, J.; Axon, A.T.R.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Hamilton I, Cobden I, Rothwell J, Axon ATR. Intestinal permeability in coeliac disease. The response to gluten withdrawal and single dose gluten challenge. Gut 1982; 23: 202-10.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"469","article-title":"The kinetics of iron uptake in vitro by human duodenal mucosa","volume":"289","author":"Cox, T.M.; Peters, T.J.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Cox TM, Peters TJ. The kinetics of iron uptake in vitro by human duodenal mucosa. Studies in normal subjects. J Physiol 1979; 289: 469-78.","journal-title":"Studies in normal subjects. J Physiol"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.33.3.254","article-title":"Measurement in jejunal biopsies by computer-aided microscopy","volume":"33","author":"Slavin, G.; Sowter, C.; Robertson, K.; MacDermott, S.; Paton, K.","year":"1980","unstructured":"Slavin G, Sowter C, Robertson K, MacDermott S, Paton K. Measurement in jejunal biopsies by computer-aided microscopy. J Clin Pathol 1980; 33: 254-61.","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.12.12.988","article-title":"Quantitation of intra-epithelial lymphocytes in human jejunum","volume":"12","author":"Ferguson, A.; Murray, D.","year":"1971","unstructured":"Ferguson A, Murray D. Quantitation of intra-epithelial lymphocytes in human jejunum. Gut 1971; 12: 988-94.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(83)91628-8","article-title":"A persistent defect in intestinal permeability in coeliac disease demonstrated by a 5Cr-labelled EDTA absoiption test","volume":"1","author":"Bjarnason, I.; Peters, T.J.; Veall, N.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Bjarnason I, Peters TJ, Veall N. A persistent defect in intestinal permeability in coeliac disease demonstrated by a 5Cr-labelled EDTA absoiption test. Lancet 1983; 1: 323-5.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"285","article-title":"Analytical subcellular fractionation of jejunal biopsy specimen. Enzyme activities, organelle pathology and response to gluten withdrawal in patients with coeliac disease","volume":"55","author":"Peters, T.J.; Jones, P.E.; Wells, G.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Peters TJ, Jones PE, Wells G. Analytical subcellular fractionation of jejunal biopsy specimen. Enzyme activities, organelle pathology and response to gluten withdrawal in patients with coeliac disease. Clin Sci Mol Med 1978; 55: 285-92.","journal-title":"Clin Sci Mol Med"},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"259","article-title":"Enzyme activities and properties of lysosomes and brush borders in jejunal biopsies from control subjects and patients with coeliac disease","volume":"48","author":"Peters, T.J.; Heath, JR, Wansbrough-Jones; M, Doe; W.F.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Peters TJ, Heath JR, Wansbrough-Jones M, Doe WF. Enzyme activities and properties of lysosomes and brush borders in jejunal biopsies from control subjects and patients with coeliac disease. Clin Sci Mol Med 1975; 48: 259-67.","journal-title":"Clin Sci Mol Med"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI105531","article-title":"Water and solute movement in small intestine of patients with sprue","volume":"46","author":"Fordtran, J.S.; Rector, F.C.; Lockyear, T.W.; Ewton, M.F.","year":"1967","unstructured":"Fordtran JS, Rector FC, Lockyear TW, Ewton MF. Water and solute movement in small intestine of patients with sprue. J Clin Invest 1967; 46: 287-98.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"73","key":"ref_16","first-page":"772","article-title":"Jejunal secretion of electrolyses and water in non tropical sprue","volume":"1969","author":"Schmid, W.G.; Phillips, S.F.; Summerskill, W.H.J.","unstructured":"Schmid WG, Phillips SF, Summerskill WHJ. Jejunal secretion of electrolyses and water in non tropical sprue. J Lab Clin Med 1969; 73: 772-83.","journal-title":"J Lab Clin Med"},{"key":"ref_17","article-title":"Immunopathology of coeliac disease. In: Immunology of the gut","volume":"46","author":"Booth CC, Peters TJ, Doe WF","unstructured":"Booth CC, Peters TJ, Doe WF. Immunopathology of coeliac disease. In: Immunology of the gut. Ciba Foundation Symposia No. 46. North Holland, Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1977: 32946.","journal-title":"Ciba Foundation Symposia"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1042\/cs0610497","article-title":"The small intestine: mechanisms of local immunity and gluten sensitivity","volume":"61","author":"Marsh, M.N.","year":"1981","unstructured":"Marsh MN. The small intestine: mechanisms of local immunity and gluten sensitivity. Clin Sci 1981; 61: 497-503.","journal-title":"Clin Sci"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-8981(66)90080-5","article-title":"Enzymatic digestion of gliadin. The affect of the resultant peptides in adult coeliac disease","volume":"14","author":"Bronstein, H.D.; Haeffner, L.J.; Howlessar, O.D.","year":"1966","unstructured":"Bronstein HD, Haeffner LJ, Howlessar OD. Enzymatic digestion of gliadin. The affect of the resultant peptides in adult coeliac disease. Clin Chim Acta 1966; 14: 141-55.","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.34.1.1","article-title":"Investigation of tissue organelles by a combination of analytical subcellular fractionation and enzymic microanalysis. A new approach to pathology","volume":"34","author":"Peters, T.J.","year":"1981","unstructured":"Peters TJ. Investigation of tissue organelles by a combination of analytical subcellular fractionation and enzymic microanalysis. A new approach to pathology. J Clin Pathol 1981; 34: 1-12.","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"}],"container-title":["Gut"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/gut.25.2.145","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]],"date-time":"2025-12-13T21:05:49Z","timestamp":1765659949000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/gut.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/gut.25.2.145"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1984,2]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1984,2,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1984,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/gut.25.2.145"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/gut.25.2.145","relation":{},"ISSN":["0017-5749","1468-3288"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0017-5749","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-3288","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1984,2]]}}}