{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]],"date-time":"2025-12-13T17:30:26Z","timestamp":1765647026461,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gut"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1984,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Three groups of patients studied after operations which had cured their duodenal ulcer were compared with a control group (no operation, n = 8). The surgical procedures included: proximal gastric vagotomy (n = 7), truncal vagotomy and pyloroplasty (n = 7), truncal vagotomy and antrectomy (n = 8). Samples of gastric juice were aspirated half hourly or hourly over 24 hours for measurement of pH, counts of all identified bacteria, nitrite and total N-nitrosocompounds. Although the pH over 24 hours was significantly higher after proximal gastric vagotomy (p less than 0.05) and truncal vagotomy and antrectomy (p less than 0.001) than controls, there was no difference between truncal vagotomy and pyloroplasty and controls. Counts of nitrate reducing bacteria over 24 hours were also significantly higher after truncal vagotomy and antrectomy than controls (p less than 0.1) but no differences were observed between the other groups. Only after truncal vagotomy and antrectomy was nitrite over 24 hours significantly increased compared with controls (p less than 0.01). Despite these higher values after truncal vagotomy and antrectomy, there was no significant difference in total N-nitrosocompounds between any of the four groups. Whereas bacterial counts and nitrite increased with pH, no correlation was found between total N-nitrosocompounds and pH. These results provide no evidence that exposure to total N-nitrosocompounds is increased after operations for duodenal ulcer.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.25.3.238","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,18]],"date-time":"2007-09-18T17:41:31Z","timestamp":1190137291000},"page":"238-245","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Intragastric N-nitrosation is unlikely to be responsible for gastric carcinoma developing after operations for duodenal ulcer."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"M R","family":"Keighley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D","family":"Youngs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"V","family":"Poxon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D","family":"Morris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T J","family":"Muscroft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D W","family":"Burdon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Barnard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P M","family":"Bavin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R W","family":"Brimblecombe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D W","family":"Darkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1984,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-197803000-00007","article-title":"Gastric carcinoma following operation for peptic ulcer disease","volume":"187","author":"Eberlein, T.J.; Lorenzo, F.V.; Webster, M.W.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Eberlein TJ, Lorenzo FV, Webster MW. Gastric carcinoma following operation for peptic ulcer disease. Ann Surg 1977; 187: 251-6.","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800660211","article-title":"Gastric carcinoma and previous peptic ulceration","volume":"66","author":"Ellis, D.; Kingston, R.D.; Brookes, V.S.; Waterhouse, J.A.H.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Ellis D, Kingston RD, Brookes VS, Waterhouse JAH. Gastric carcinoma and previous peptic ulceration. Br J Surg 1979; 66: 117-9.","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800680813","article-title":"The microflora of the postoperative stomach","volume":"68","author":"Muscroft, T.J.; Deane, S.A.; Youngs, D.; Burdon, D.W.; Keighley, M.R.B.","year":"1981","unstructured":"Muscroft TJ, Deane SA, Youngs D, Burdon DW, Keighley MRB. The microflora of the postoperative stomach. Br J Surg 1981; 68: 560-4.","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"article-title":"Cancer changes in N-nitrosocompound values with the pH 1973; 28: 256-62. of gastric juice","author":"Hill, M.J.; Hawksworth, G.; Bacteria, Tattersall G.; nitrosamines; cancer of the stomach. Br, J.","key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Hill MJ, Hawksworth G, Tattersall G. Bacteria, nitrosamines and cancer of the stomach. Br J Cancer changes in N-nitrosocompound values with the pH 1973; 28: 256-62. of gastric juice."},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"301","article-title":"Formation of The method of statistical analysis, based on area N-nitrosamines from secondary amines and nitrite in under the curve, was selected in an attempt to assess human and animal gastric juice. Food Cosmet Toxicol total exposure to N-nitrosocompounds over 24 hour period. This does not allow for identification of very high values in any individual but, as values were so variable between individuals and between groups, any analysis of peak values would have been based 1969; 7","author":"Sen, N.P.; Smith, D.C.; Schwinghammer, L.","unstructured":"Sen NP, Smith DC, Schwinghammer L. Formation of The method of statistical analysis, based on area N-nitrosamines from secondary amines and nitrite in under the curve, was selected in an attempt to assess human and animal gastric juice. Food Cosmet Toxicol total exposure to N-nitrosocompounds over 24 hour period. This does not allow for identification of very high values in any individual but, as values were so variable between individuals and between groups, any analysis of peak values would have been based 1969; 7: 301-7."},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"550","article-title":"Gastric juice N-nitrosamines in health and gastroduodenal disease","volume":"2","author":"Reed, P.I.; Smith, P.L.R.; Haines, K.; House, F.R.; Walters, C.L.","year":"1981","unstructured":"Reed PI, Smith PLR, Haines K, House FR, Walters CL. Gastric juice N-nitrosamines in health and gastroduodenal disease. Lancet 1981; 2: 550-2.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"author":"Muscroft TJ. University of","key":"ref_7","unstructured":"Muscroft TJ. University of Birmingham: MD thesis. (In press.)"},{"key":"ref_8","article-title":"Total nitrosocompounds in gastric juice. N-nitrosocompounds: predicting the concentrations of N-nitrosooccurrence and biological effects","volume-title":"IARC compounds.23 Hence increased N-nitrosation in the Scientific Publications, 1982","volume":"41","author":"Bavin, P.M.G.; Darkin, D.W.; Viney, N.J.","unstructured":"Bavin PMG, Darkin DW, Viney NJ. Total nitrosocompounds in gastric juice. N-nitrosocompounds: predicting the concentrations of N-nitrosooccurrence and biological effects. Tokyo: IARC compounds.23 Hence increased N-nitrosation in the Scientific Publications, 1982: no. 41."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-195614320-00003","article-title":"Cancer development in the gastric stump after partial gastrectomy for ulcer","volume":"143","author":"Helsingen, N.; Hillestad, L.","year":"1956","unstructured":"Helsingen N, Hillestad L. Cancer development in the gastric stump after partial gastrectomy for ulcer. Ann Surg 1956; 143: 173-9.","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"672","article-title":"Effect of cimetidine on the gastric bacterial flora","volume":"1","author":"Ruddell, W.S.J.; Axon, A.T.R.; Findlay, J.M.; Bartholomew, B.; Hill, M.J.","year":"1980","unstructured":"Ruddell WSJ, Axon ATR, Findlay JM, Bartholomew B, Hill MJ. Effect of cimetidine on the gastric bacterial flora. Lancet 1980; 1: 672-4.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"553","article-title":"Walters References CL. Effect of cimetidine on gastric juice N-nitrosamine concentration","volume":"2","year":"1981","unstructured":"Reed PI, Smith PLR, Haines K, House FR, Walters References CL. Effect of cimetidine on gastric juice N-nitrosamine concentration. Lancet 1981; 2: 553-6.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"731","article-title":"Gastric emptying after gastric surgery","volume":"3","author":"Donovan, I.A.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Donovan IA. Gastric emptying after gastric surgery. World J Surg 1979; 3: 731-6.","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"281","article-title":"The importance of an innervated and intact antrum and Lancet","volume":"2","author":"Domellof, L.; Eriksson, S.; Janager, K.G.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Domellof L, Eriksson S, Janager KG. Late 22 Keighley MRB, Asquith P, Alexander-Williams J. The importance of an innervated and intact antrum and Lancet 1977; 2: 281-2."}],"container-title":["Gut"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/gut.25.3.238","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]],"date-time":"2025-12-13T17:27:49Z","timestamp":1765646869000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/gut.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/gut.25.3.238"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1984,3]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1984,3,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1984,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/gut.25.3.238"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/gut.25.3.238","relation":{},"ISSN":["0017-5749","1468-3288"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0017-5749"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1468-3288"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1984,3]]}}}