{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T16:30:10Z","timestamp":1770481810586,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gut"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1985,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Four young Chinese women took daily doses of an unidentified 'Indian' herbal tea as treatment for psoriasis. Three (one of whom died), developed ascites, hepatomegaly and biochemical abnormalities within 19-45 days. The fourth patient discontinued herbal tea after 21 days when she developed a skin rash. Two patients had portal hypertension, while all had liver histology showing features of veno-occlusive disease. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids were identified spectrophotometrically in the brewed tea, and in the chopped leaves of the herbal mixture; the mean dose in the tea prepared for consumption being 12 mg\/day of alkaloid base and 18 mg\/day of N-oxide. The mean cumulative dose of alkaloids (base + N-oxide) before onset of symptoms (three patients), was estimated to be 18 mg\/kg. In the asymptomatic patient with histological liver disease only, the corresponding dose was 15 mg\/kg. These cases thus provide some measure of pyrrolizidine alkaloid toxicity in adults.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.26.1.101","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,18]],"date-time":"2007-09-18T17:41:31Z","timestamp":1190137291000},"page":"101-104","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":74,"title":["Herbal tea induced hepatic veno-occlusive disease: quantification of toxic alkaloid exposure in adults."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"C R","family":"Kumana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H J","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"W","family":"Ko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P C","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D","family":"Todd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1985,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"291","article-title":"Veno-occlusive disease of the liver","volume":"26","author":"Stuart, K.L.; Bras, G.","year":"1957","unstructured":"Stuart KL, Bras G. 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