{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T08:17:00Z","timestamp":1774340220581,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gut"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1985,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The defaecatory mechanism using a balloon model with simultaneous measurement of intrarectal pressure has been studied in 15 control subjects with normal bowel habit and in 39 patients with chronic constipation; 31 with a normal barium enema and eight with idiopathic megarectum. Fourteen of those with a normal barium enema had prolonged whole gut transit times as measured by radio-opaque shapes. The ability of the patient to expel a rectal balloon containing 50, 100, and 150 ml of water, lying on their side in the left lateral position was tested and if unsuccessful, in the sitting position with the knees raised. All but one of the control subjects could expel balloons in the left lateral position. Only five of 17 constipated patients with normal barium enemas and transit times could expel balloons lying on their side although a further three could do so when sitting. None of 14 patients with slow transit and normal barium enemas could expel balloons in left lateral position although three could do so when sitting. Patients with megarectum could not expel balloons in either position. Levels of intrarectal pressure with straining were not significantly different between controls, who were able to expel balloons, and constipated patients with a normal barium enema, but were greater (p less than 0.01) in patients with megacolon than in control subjects. Using the balloon model a disorder of the defaecatory mechanism is present in patients with constipation of different types, but this is not because of an inability to raise intrarectal pressure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.26.10.1049","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,18]],"date-time":"2007-09-18T17:41:31Z","timestamp":1190137291000},"page":"1049-1052","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":100,"title":["Balloon expulsion from the rectum in constipation of different types."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"P R","family":"Barnes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J E","family":"Lennard-Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1985,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(19)31670-1","article-title":"Mechanism of idiopathic constipation: outlet obstruction","volume":"75","author":"Martelli, H.; Devroede, G.; Arhan, P.; Duguay, C.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Martelli H, Devroede G, Arhan P, Duguay C. Mechanism of idiopathic constipation: outlet obstruction. Gastroenterology 1978; 75: 623-31.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800710109","article-title":"The balloon proctogram","volume":"71","author":"Preston, D.M.; Lennard-Jones, J.E.; Thomas, B.M.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Preston DM, Lennard-Jones JE, Thomas BM. The balloon proctogram. Br J Surg 1984; 71: 29-32.","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"256310","article-title":"An investigation of the nervous control of defaecation","volume":"58","author":"Denny-Brown, D.; Robertson, G.","year":"1935","unstructured":"Denny-Brown D, Robertson G. An investigation of the nervous control of defaecation. Brain 1935; 58: 256310.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800640820","article-title":"Function of the anal sphincters following coloanal anastomosis","volume":"64","author":"Lane, R.H.S.; Parks, A.G.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Lane RHS, Parks AG. Function of the anal sphincters following coloanal anastomosis. Br J Surg 1977; 64: 596-9.","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1953.sp005024","article-title":"Electromyography of the Whether this is because of a disturbed spinal reflex sphincter ani externus in man","author":"Floyd, W.F.; Walls, E.W.","year":"1953","unstructured":"Floyd WF, Walls EW. Electromyography of the Whether this is because of a disturbed spinal reflex sphincter ani externus in man. 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Gut 1975; 16: 638-44.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"16","article-title":"Electrophysiological study of the motor nerve supply of the pelvic floor","volume":"1","author":"Percy, J.P.; Neill, M.E.; Swash, M.; Parks, A.G.","year":"1981","unstructured":"Percy JP, Neill ME, Swash M, Parks AG. Electrophysiological study of the motor nerve supply of the pelvic floor. Lancet 1981; 1: 16-7.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1159\/000198769","article-title":"Function of References the internal anal sphincter and rectal sensitivity in idiopathic constipation","volume":"24","author":"Baldi, F.; Ferrarini, F.; Corinaldesi, R.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Baldi F, Ferrarini F, Corinaldesi R et al. Function of References the internal anal sphincter and rectal sensitivity in idiopathic constipation. 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Discussion on megacolon and megarectum wards a radiologic definition of idiopathic megacolon. with the emphasis on conditions other than Hirsch-Gastrointest Radiol 1985; 10: 167-9."}],"container-title":["Gut"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/gut.26.10.1049","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]],"date-time":"2025-12-13T03:37:04Z","timestamp":1765597024000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/gut.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/gut.26.10.1049"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1985,10]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1985,10,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1985,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/gut.26.10.1049"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/gut.26.10.1049","relation":{},"ISSN":["0017-5749","1468-3288"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0017-5749","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-3288","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1985,10]]}}}