{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T20:55:43Z","timestamp":1789851343929,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gut"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1985,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>During the clinical investigation of patients with gastrointestinal disease by exhaled breath hydrogen measurement, the occurrence of inexplicable variations in recorded hydrogen values led to a search for extra intestinal factors which were capable of adversely influencing breath hydrogen concentration and impairing the diagnostic accuracy of the test. Serial breath samples were collected from normal subjects under a variety of conditions which might occur during routine clinical study, including, hyperventilation, exercise, cigarette smoking, and carbohydrate ingestion. Breath hydrogen concentrations were consistently reduced by hyperventilation (p less than 0.01) and exercise (p less than 0.05). Cigarette smoking, in contrast, caused a marked rise in measured breath hydrogen (p less than 0.01), as did oral carbohydrate (p less than 0.05). Prior bactericidal mouthwash abolished this carbohydrate associated rise, suggesting that the hydrogen was the result of fermentation by oropharyngeal bacteria. Because, in all instances, the changes in breath hydrogen were of sufficient magnitude to interfere with data interpretation, it is recommended that these factors are eliminated, whenever possible, from conditions of study.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.26.12.1349","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,18]],"date-time":"2007-09-18T17:41:31Z","timestamp":1190137291000},"page":"1349-1352","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":95,"title":["Extra intestinal influences on exhaled breath hydrogen measurements during the investigation of gastrointestinal disease."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"D G","family":"Thompson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P","family":"Binfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"De Belder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J","family":"O'Brien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Warren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1985,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1238","article-title":"Gases produced by human intestinal microflora","author":"Calloway, D.H.; Colasito, D.J.; Mathews, R.D.","year":"1966","unstructured":"Calloway DH, Colasito DJ, Mathews RD. Gases produced by human intestinal microflora. Nature 1966; the investigation of suspected upper intestinal bac-212: 1238-9.","journal-title":"Nature; the investigation of suspected upper intestinal bac- 212"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(78)80592-7","article-title":"Sucrose malabsorption in children: noninvasive diagnosis by interval breath hydrogen determination","volume":"93","author":"Perman, J.A.; Barr, R.G.; Watkins, J.B.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Perman JA, Barr RG, Watkins JB. Sucrose malabsorption in children: noninvasive diagnosis by interval breath hydrogen determination. 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Irritable bowel syndrome: relationship of disorders in the transit of a single meal to symptom patterns","volume-title":"Gut","volume":"24","author":"Cann, P.A.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Cann PA, Read NW, Brown C, Hobson N, Holdsworth CD. Irritable bowel syndrome: relationship of disorders in the transit of a single meal to symptom patterns. Gut 1983; 24: 405-11."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.22.10.836","article-title":"Electrochemical detector for breath hydrogen determination: measurement of smallbowel transit time in normal subjects and patients with the irritable bowel syndrome","volume":"22","author":"Corbett, C.L.; Thomas, S.; Read, N.W.; Hobson, N.; Bergman, I.; Holdsworth, C.D.","year":"1981","unstructured":"Corbett CL, Thomas S, Read NW, Hobson N, Bergman I, Holdsworth CD. 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The normal microbial flora of the mouth. In: Skinner FA, Carr JG, eds. The normal microbical flora of man. New York: Academic Press, 1974."},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"61","article-title":"Measurement of the total smoke issuing from a burning cigarette","volume":"9","author":"Keith, C.H.; Tesh, P.G.","year":"1965","unstructured":"Keith CH, Tesh PG. Measurement of the total smoke issuing from a burning cigarette. 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