{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]],"date-time":"2025-09-11T19:49:43Z","timestamp":1757620183361,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gut"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1985,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>As the relative resistance of rat caecum to chemical carcinogens could reflect its luminal environment, caecal mucosa was exposed to the distal faecal stream in male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 50) previously treated with azoxymethane (total dose 90 mg\/kg sc). After colonic transection at the pelvic brim, the caecum was inserted isoperistaltically between colocaecal and caecorectal anastomoses (n = 30); an ileocolic anastomosis restored intestinal continuity. Controls (n = 20) had transection and reanastomosis at equivalent points of the bowel, plus caecotomy and resuture. Caecal crypt cell production rate, as determined stathmokinetically at 28 weeks, was not consistently affected by transposition. No tumors developed in either transposed or orthotopic caecum, apart from three suture-line tumours found at the caecotomy site in controls. The colonic tumour yield in controls (1.4 +\/- 0.3 per rat : mean +\/- SEM) matched that after transposition (1.5 +\/- 0.2), but anastomotic tumours were twice as common after transposition (p less than 0.05) and rectal tumours were increased four-fold (p less than 0.05). The caecum remains resistant to carcinogenesis despite transposition to a distal colonic environment. Local epithelial defence mechanisms are more important than luminal contents in maintaining this resistance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.26.7.718","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,18]],"date-time":"2007-09-18T17:41:31Z","timestamp":1190137291000},"page":"718-723","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Distal transposition of rat caecum does not render it susceptible to carcinogenesis."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"J B","family":"Rainey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Maeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R C","family":"Williamson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1985,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"503","article-title":"Ileal resection potentiates 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced colonic carcinogenesis","volume":"189","author":"Oscarson, J.E.A.; Veen, H.F.; Ross, J.S.; Malt, R.A.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Oscarson JEA, Veen HF, Ross JS, Malt RA. Ileal resection potentiates 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced colonic carcinogenesis. Ann Surg 1979; 189: 503-8.","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1386","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(79)90406-2","article-title":"Enhanced colonic carcinogenesis with azoxymethane in rats after pancreaticobiliary diversion to presence of a non-absorbable suture placed through mid small bowel","volume":"76","year":"1979","unstructured":"Williamson RCN, Bauer FLR, Ross JS, Watkins JB, -Malt RA. Enhanced colonic carcinogenesis with azoxymethane in rats after pancreaticobiliary diversion to presence of a non-absorbable suture placed through mid small bowel. Gastroenterology 1979; 76: 1386-92.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"725","article-title":"Effects of small bowel transection, resection, or bypass","volume-title":"1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced rat intestinal neoplasia. Gastroenterology 1983; 84","author":"Scudamore, C.H.; Freeman, H.J.","unstructured":"Scudamore CH, Freeman HJ. Effects of small bowel transection, resection, or bypass in 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced rat intestinal neoplasia. Gastroenterology 1983; 84: 725-31."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"538","article-title":"Contrasting effects of subtotal enteric bypass, enterectomy, and colectomy on azoxymethane-induced intestinal carcinogenesis","volume":"40","author":"Williamson, R.C.N.; Bauer, F.L.R.; Terpstra, O.T.; Ross, J.S.; Malt, R.A.","year":"1980","unstructured":"Williamson RCN, Bauer FLR, Terpstra OT, Ross JS, Malt RA. Contrasting effects of subtotal enteric bypass, enterectomy, and colectomy on azoxymethane-induced intestinal carcinogenesis. Cancer Res 1980; 40: 538-43.","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"article-title":"Effects of caecal transpositon, in which two anastomoses anticoagulation and ileal resection on the development contained a distal colonic component, than after and spread of experimental intestinal carcinomas. Br J sham transposition, when only one anastomosis had Cancer 1980; 42: 85-94. such a component. Caecal transposition produced a slight increase in the length and wet weight of the colon and in the surface area of the caecum, without corresponding increases in cell proliferation. Perhaps an alteration in faecal bulk produced dilatation of the heterotopic","author":"Williamson, R.C.N.; Lyndon, P.J.; Tudway, A.J.C.","key":"ref_5","unstructured":"Williamson RCN, Lyndon PJ, Tudway AJC. Effects of caecal transpositon, in which two anastomoses anticoagulation and ileal resection on the development contained a distal colonic component, than after and spread of experimental intestinal carcinomas. Br J sham transposition, when only one anastomosis had Cancer 1980; 42: 85-94. such a component. Caecal transposition produced a slight increase in the length and wet weight of the colon and in the surface area of the caecum, without corresponding increases in cell proliferation. Perhaps an alteration in faecal bulk produced dilatation of the heterotopic"},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"621","article-title":"Postoperative adaptation in the aetiology of intestinal cancer","volume-title":"Mechanisms of intestinal adaptation","author":"Williamson, R.C.N.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Williamson RCN. Postoperative adaptation in the aetiology of intestinal cancer. In: Robinson JWL, Dowling RH, Riecken E-O, eds. Mechanisms of intestinal adaptation, Lancaster: MTP Press Ltd, 1982: 621-34."},{"key":"ref_7","article-title":"The experimental analysis of changes in the proliferative and morphological status in studies on caecum and consequent back pressure, leading to the intestine","author":"Wright, N.A.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Wright NA. The experimental analysis of changes in the proliferative and morphological status in studies on caecum and consequent back pressure, leading to the intestine. Scand J Gastroenterol 1982; 17: (74): muscular hypertrophy. The increased tumour yield 3-10. found in the rectum distal to the transposed caecum, despite paradoxical hypoplasia is puzzling. Insertion of a large reservoir just proximal to this segment may have altered faecal composition in such a way as to facilitate tumour growth while partly usurping rectal function and thus depressing its mucosal cell turnover.","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol; muscular hypertrophy. The increased tumour yield 3-10. found in the rectum distal to the transposed caecum, despite paradoxical hypoplasia is puzzling. Insertion of a large reservoir just proximal to this segment may have altered faecal composition in such a way as to facilitate tumour growth while partly usurping rectal function and thus depressing its mucosal cell turnover"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800710216","article-title":"Adaptation to jejunoileal bypass promotes experimental colorectal carcinogenesis","volume":"71","author":"Bristol, J.B.; Wells, M.; Williamson, R.C.N.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Bristol JB, Wells M, Williamson RCN. Adaptation to jejunoileal bypass promotes experimental colorectal carcinogenesis. 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Cancer Res 1973; 33: 53641.","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"2908","article-title":"Effects of 1,2-symmetrical dimethylhydrazine on jejunocolic transposition in Sprague-Dawley rats","volume":"41","author":"Celik, C.; Mittelman, A.; Paolini, N.S.; Lewis, D.; Evans, J.T.","year":"1981","unstructured":"Celik C, Mittelman A, Paolini NS, Lewis D, Evans JT. Effects of 1,2-symmetrical dimethylhydrazine on jejunocolic transposition in Sprague-Dawley rats. Cancer Res 1981; 41: 2908-11.","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"1369","article-title":"Importance of the fecal stream on the induction of colon tumours by azoxymethane in rats","volume":"35","author":"Campbell, R.L.; Singh, D.V.; Nigro, N.D.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Campbell RL, Singh DV, Nigro ND. Importance of the fecal stream on the induction of colon tumours by azoxymethane in rats. 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Surg Gynecol Obstet 1969; 129: 960-2.","journal-title":"Surg Gynecol Obstet"}],"container-title":["Gut"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/gut.26.7.718","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,8]],"date-time":"2025-09-08T06:20:31Z","timestamp":1757312431000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/gut.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/gut.26.7.718"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1985,7]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1985,7,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1985,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/gut.26.7.718"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/gut.26.7.718","relation":{},"ISSN":["0017-5749","1468-3288"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0017-5749"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1468-3288"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1985,7]]}}}