{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T16:45:01Z","timestamp":1763743501575,"version":"3.45.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gut"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1986,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>To determine whether primary biliary cirrhosis differed in men and women we reviewed the presenting features and clinical course of 39 men and 191 women with primary biliary cirrhosis followed at this unit between 1970 and 1984. Age and severity of disease at time of diagnosis were similar in both groups. Pruritus was significantly less common in men than in women both at diagnosis and throughout the period of follow up (p less than 0.01). The difference in incidence of pruritus at diagnosis was most evident when the male group were compared with a group of premenopausal women, an observation which is consistent with involvement of sex steroid metabolism in the origin of pruritus. Skin pigmentation was also less marked in men at diagnosis (p less than 0.05). Autoimmune associated conditions, especially sicca syndrome, were more common in women. Survival was similar among men and women although hepatoma developed significantly more frequently in male patients (p less than 0.01).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.27.11.1373","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,18]],"date-time":"2007-09-18T17:41:31Z","timestamp":1190137291000},"page":"1373-1376","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Primary biliary cirrhosis in men."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"M R","family":"Lucey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J M","family":"Neuberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1986,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197309272891306","article-title":"The presentation and diagnosis of 100 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis","volume":"289","author":"Sherlock, S.; Scheuer, P.J.","year":"1973","unstructured":"Sherlock S, Scheuer PJ. The presentation and diagnosis of 100 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. N Engl J Med 1973; 289: 674-8.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"236","article-title":"Clinical pattern and course of disease in primary biliary cirrhosis based on an analysis","volume-title":"of 236 patients. Gastroenterology 1980","volume":"78","author":"Christensen, E.; Doniach, Crowe J.; D.","unstructured":"Christensen E, Crowe J. Doniach D, et al. Clinical pattern and course of disease in primary biliary cirrhosis based on an analysis of 236 patients. Gastroenterology 1980; 78: 236-46."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"1278","article-title":"Primary biliary cirrhosis. A revised clinical spectrum","volume":"1","author":"James 0, Macklon AF, Watson AJ","year":"1981","unstructured":"James 0, Macklon AF, Watson AJ. Primary biliary cirrhosis. A revised clinical spectrum. Lancet 1981; 1: 1278-81.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840040418","article-title":"Does primary biliary cirrhosis in men differ from primary biliary cirrhosis in women?","volume":"4","author":"Rubel, L.R.; Rabin, L.; Seeff, L.B.; Licht, H.; Cuccherini, B.A.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Rubel LR, Rabin L, Seeff LB, Licht H, Cuccherini BA. Does primary biliary cirrhosis in men differ from primary biliary cirrhosis in women? Hepatology 1984; 4: 671-7.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(80)90784-2","article-title":"Azathioprine in primary biliary cirrhosis","volume":"78","author":"Crowe, J.; Christensen, E.; Smith, M.","year":"1980","unstructured":"Crowe J, Christensen E, Smith M, et al. Azathioprine in primary biliary cirrhosis. 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Treatment of primary biliary cirrhosis with Cyclosporin A. Proceedings of the International Workshop on Cyclosporin in Autoimmune Disease. 1985, Munich: Springer, 1985: 175-8."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1977.1","article-title":"Design and analysis of randomized clinical trials requiring prolonged observation of each patient","volume":"35","author":"Peto, R.; Pike, M.C.; Armitage, P.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Peto R, Pike MC, Armitage P, et al. Design and analysis of randomized clinical trials requiring prolonged observation of each patient. II. Analysis and examples. Br J Cancer 1977; 35: 1-39.","journal-title":"II. Analysis and examples. Br J Cancer"},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"979","article-title":"Primary biliary cirrhosis","volume-title":"Diseases of the liver","author":"Sherlock, S.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Sherlock S. Primary biliary cirrhosis. In: Schiff L, Schiff ER, eds. Diseases of the liver, Philadelphia: JB Lippincott, 1982: 979-1002."},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"1049","article-title":"Serum bile-acid levels in liver disease","volume":"2","author":"Osborn, E.C.; Wooton, I.D.P.; Da Silva, L.C.; Sherlock, S.","year":"1959","unstructured":"Osborn EC, Wooton IDP, Da Silva LC, Sherlock S. Serum bile-acid levels in liver disease. Lancet 1959; 2: 1049-53.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(73)90058-2","article-title":"Hepatobiliary diseases associated with serum antimitochondrial antibody (AMA)","volume":"54","author":"Kaplowitz, N.; Finlayson, N.D.; Walmsley, P.","year":"1973","unstructured":"Kaplowitz N, Finlayson ND, Walmsley P, et al. Hepatobiliary diseases associated with serum antimitochondrial antibody (AMA). 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Gastroenterology 1974; 66: 565-73."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-78-4-545","article-title":"The butterfly sign in patients with chronic jaundice and pruritus","volume":"78","author":"Reynolds, T.B.","year":"1973","unstructured":"Reynolds TB. The butterfly sign in patients with chronic jaundice and pruritus. Ann Intern Med 1973; 78: 545-6.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(85)90213-6","article-title":"Beneficial effect of azathioprine and prediction of prognosis in primary biliary cirrhosis","volume":"89","author":"Christensen, E.; Neuberger, J.M.; Crowe, J.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Christensen E, Neuberger JM, Crowe J, et al. Beneficial effect of azathioprine and prediction of prognosis in primary biliary cirrhosis. 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