{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T09:55:10Z","timestamp":1791194110649,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gut"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1986,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A method for determining the profiles of gastric emptying, small intestinal residence, and colonic filling of a solid test meal, labelled with 250 microCi 99mTechnetium sulphur colloid has been evaluated in nine healthy volunteers and six patients with a disturbance in bowel habit. Mean small bowel transit time was determined by deconvolving the rate of colonic filling with the rate of gastric emptying. In normal subjects, the stomach appeared to empty exponentially with a half time of 1.2 +\/- 0.3 hours (mean +\/- SD). Food reached the colon by 2.8 +\/- 1.5 hours. The mean small bowel transit time was 4.0 +\/- 1.4 hours. In most normal subjects, the colon appeared to fill in a linear fashion with approximately 16% food residues entering every hour, and the profile of colonic filling in normal subjects was similar to the profile of ileal emptying observed after feeding a similar radiolabelled solid meal to 14 patients equipped with terminal ileostomies. There was a highly significant correlation between the onset of breath hydrogen excretion and the appearance of radioactivity over the caecum (r = 0.88, p less than 0.01), though in one third of subjects the increase in caecal radioactivity preceded the rise in breath hydrogen concentration by more than 20 minutes. There was also a highly significant correlation between the mean transit time and values for colonic filling but not values for gastric emptying. Patients with irritable bowel syndrome who had diarrhoea tended towards short small bowel transit and early colonic filling, whereas patients who have constipation tended towards long small bowel transit and delayed colonic filling. This method offers a novel means of assessing small bowel transit time, small bowel residence and the profile of colonic filling in man.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.27.3.300","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,18]],"date-time":"2007-09-18T17:41:31Z","timestamp":1190137291000},"page":"300-308","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":128,"title":["Simultaneous measurement of gastric emptying, small bowel residence and colonic filling of a solid meal by the use of the gamma camera."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"N W","family":"Read","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M N","family":"Al-Janabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A M","family":"Holgate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D C","family":"Barber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C A","family":"Edwards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1986,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"546","article-title":"Investigation of small bowel transit time in man utilising pulmonary hydrogen (H2) measurements","volume":"85","year":"1974","unstructured":"Bond JH, Levitt MD. Investigation of small bowel transit time in man utilising pulmonary hydrogen (H2) measurements. J Lab Clin Med 1974; 85: 546-59.","journal-title":"J Lab Clin Med"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"1276","article-title":"Transit of a meal through the stomach, small intestine and colon in normal subjects and its role","volume-title":"the pathogenesis of diarrhoea. Gastroenterology 1980; 79","author":"Read, N.W.; Miles, C.A.; Fisher, D.","unstructured":"Read NW, Miles CA, Fisher D, et al. Transit of a meal through the stomach, small intestine and colon in normal subjects and its role in the pathogenesis of diarrhoea. Gastroenterology 1980; 79: 1276-82."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.104.3.522","article-title":"Transit time in the normal small bowel study","volume":"104","author":"Kim, S.J.","year":"1968","unstructured":"Kim SJ. Transit time in the normal small bowel study. 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Acta Radiol (Stockh) 1960; 54: 334 44.","journal-title":"Acta Radiol (Stockh)"},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"237","article-title":"A simple method of measuring breath hydrogen in carbohydrate malabsorption by end-expiratory sampling","volume":"50","author":"Metz, G.; Gassull, M.A.; Leeds, A.R.; Blendis, L.M.; Jenkins, D.J.A.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Metz G, Gassull MA, Leeds AR, Blendis LM, Jenkins DJA. A simple method of measuring breath hydrogen in carbohydrate malabsorption by end-expiratory sampling. Clin Sci Mol Med 1976; 50: 237-40.","journal-title":"Clin Sci Mol Med"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02314045","article-title":"A simple gas chromatograph with an electrochemical detector for the measurement of hydrogen and carbon monoxide in the parts per million range, applied to exhaled air","volume":"8","author":"Bergman, I.; Coleman, J.E.; Evans, D.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Bergman I, Coleman JE, Evans D. A simple gas chromatograph with an electrochemical detector for the measurement of hydrogen and carbon monoxide in the parts per million range, applied to exhaled air. Chromatographia 1975; 8: 581-3.","journal-title":"Chromatographia"},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"1568","article-title":"Effect of gastrointestinal intubation on the passage of a solid meal through the stomach and small","volume-title":"intestine in humans. Gastroenterology 1983; 84","author":"Read, N.W.; Al-Janabi, M.N.; Bates, T.E.; Barber, D.C.","unstructured":"Read NW, Al-Janabi MN, Bates TE, Barber DC. Effect of gastrointestinal intubation on the passage of a solid meal through the stomach and small intestine in humans. Gastroenterology 1983; 84: 1568-72."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01296904","article-title":"Holgate AM, Read NW. Relationship between small bowel transit time and absorption of a solid meal. Influence of metoclopramide, magnesium sulfate and lactulose","volume":"28","year":"1983","unstructured":"Holgate AM, Read NW. Relationship between small bowel transit time and absorption of a solid meal. Influence of metoclopramide, magnesium sulfate and lactulose. Dig Dis Sci 1983; 28: 812-9.","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"405","article-title":"CD. Irritable bowel syndrome: relationship of disorders in the transit of a single solid meal to symptom patterns","volume-title":"Gut","volume":"24","author":"Cann, P.A.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Cann PA, Read NW, Brown C, Hobson N, Holdsworth CD. Irritable bowel syndrome: relationship of disorders in the transit of a single solid meal to symptom patterns. Gut 1983; 24: 405-11."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.23.10.824","article-title":"Is the transit time of a meal through the small intestine related to the rate at which it leaves the stomach?","volume":"23","author":"Read, N.W.; Cammack, J.; Edwards, C.; Holgate, A.M.; Cann, P.A.; Brown, C.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Read NW, Cammack J, Edwards C, Holgate AM, Cann PA, Brown C. Is the transit time of a meal through the small intestine related to the rate at which it leaves the stomach? Gut 1982; 23: 824-8.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"335","article-title":"Canine gastric emptying of solids and liquids","volume":"233","author":"Hinder, R.A.; Kelly, K.A.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Hinder RA, Kelly KA. Canine gastric emptying of solids and liquids. Am J Physiol 1977; 233: E335-40.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01071842","article-title":"\"mTc-tagged chicken liver as a marker of solid food in the human stomach","volume":"21","author":"Meyer, J.H.; MacGregor, I.L.; Gueller, R.; Martin, P.; Cavalieri, R.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Meyer JH, MacGregor IL, Gueller R, Martin P, Cavalieri R. \"mTc-tagged chicken liver as a marker of solid food in the human stomach. Am J Dig Dis 1976; 21: 296-304.","journal-title":"Am J Dig Dis"},{"key":"ref_14","article-title":"interpretation of the breath hydrogen profile obtained after ingesting a solid meal containing unabsorbable carbohydrate","author":"Read, N.W.","unstructured":"Read NW, Al-Janabi MN, Bates TE, et al. In interpretation of the breath hydrogen profile obtained after ingesting a solid meal containing unabsorbable carbohydrate. Gut (In press)."},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"158","article-title":"Haarman HJThM. Measuring gastric emptying with two gamma cameras","volume-title":"gastroduodenal motility","author":"Ackermans, L.M.A.; Hoekstra, A.; Renooij, W.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Ackermans LMA, Hoekstra A, Renooij W, Haarman HJThM. Measuring gastric emptying with two gamma cameras. In: Ackermans LMA, Johnson AT, Read NW eds. Gastric and gastroduodenal motility. 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