{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T13:21:39Z","timestamp":1760188899759,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gut"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1986,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Aspirin is generally regarded as a cause of gastric ulcer but the role of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents and paracetamol in the aetiology of peptic ulcer is unclear. To investigate this we conducted a case control study of 180 matched pairs of peptic ulcer patients and controls obtained from surgical and dermatology outpatient clinics. There were 95 gastric ulcer and 85 duodenal ulcer patients. A statistically and clinically association (relative risk = 5) was found between the regular use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents and gastric ulcer. There was also evidence of positive associations between gastric ulcer and aspirin containing preparations with or without non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents. By contrast, duodenal ulcer was unrelated to these drugs. Too few patients used paracetamol for any conclusion to be drawn on its role.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.27.8.929","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,18]],"date-time":"2007-09-18T17:41:31Z","timestamp":1190137291000},"page":"929-933","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":77,"title":["Peptic ulcer and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"J M","family":"Duggan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A J","family":"Dobson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P","family":"Fahey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1986,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(81)90001-9","article-title":"Analgesic ingestion and chronic peptic ulcer","volume":"80","author":"Piper, D.W.; McIntosh, J.H.; Ariotti, D.E.; Fenton, B.H.; McLennan, R.","year":"1981","unstructured":"Piper DW, McIntosh JH, Ariotti DE, Fenton BH, McLennan R. Analgesic ingestion and chronic peptic ulcer. Gastroenterology 1981; 80: 427-32.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00541263","article-title":"An analysis of the gastro-intestinal sideeffects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, with particular reference to comparative studies in man and laboratory species","volume":"2","author":"Rainsford, K.D.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Rainsford KD. An analysis of the gastro-intestinal sideeffects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, with particular reference to comparative studies in man and laboratory species. Rheumatol Int 1982; 2: 1-10.","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01297239","article-title":"A review of upper-gastrointestinal effects of the newer nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents","volume":"24","author":"Pemberton, R.E.; Strand, L.J.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Pemberton RE, Strand LJ. A review of upper-gastrointestinal effects of the newer nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents. Dig Dis Sci 1979; 24: 53-64.","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"228","article-title":"Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and gastrointestinal adverse effects","volume":"17","author":"Clinch, D.; Banerjee, A.K.; Ostuk, G.; Levy, D.W.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Clinch D, Banerjee AK, Ostuk G, Levy DW. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and gastrointestinal adverse effects. J R Coll Physicians Lond 1983; 17: 228-30.","journal-title":"J R Coll Physicians Lond"},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"273","article-title":"Inadequacy of the literature on the relationship between drugs, ulcers and gastrointestinal bleeding","volume":"82","year":"1982","unstructured":"Kurata JH, Elashoff JD, Grossman MD. Inadequacy of the literature on the relationship between drugs, ulcers and gastrointestinal bleeding. Gastroenterology 1982; 82: 273-86.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.284.6322.1063","article-title":"What is happening to peptic ulcer?","volume":"234","author":"Langman, M.J.S.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Langman MJS. What is happening to peptic ulcer? Br Med J 1982; 234: 1063-4.","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.26.8.789","article-title":"Environmental factors in aetiology of chronic gastric ulcer: a case control study of exposure variables before the first symptoms","volume":"26","author":"McIntosh, J.H.; Byth, K.; Piper, D.W.","year":"1985","unstructured":"McIntosh JH, Byth K, Piper DW. Environmental factors in aetiology of chronic gastric ulcer: a case control study of exposure variables before the first symptoms. Gut 1985; 26: 789-98.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.26.4.359","article-title":"Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and peptic ulcer perforation","volume":"26","author":"DStJ, Collier; JA, Pain","year":"1985","unstructured":"Collier DStJ, Pain JA. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and peptic ulcer perforation. Gut 1985; 26: 359-63.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"175","article-title":"Foundations of epidemiology","author":"Lilienfeld, A.M.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Lilienfeld AM. Foundations of epidemiology. New York: OUP, 1976: 175."},{"key":"ref_10","article-title":"Classification of occupations. Office of Population Census and Surveys","author":"General, Registrar","year":"1970","unstructured":"Registrar General. Classification of occupations. Office of Population Census and Surveys. London: HMSO, 1970."},{"key":"ref_11","article-title":"Case-control studies: design, conduct and analysis","author":"Schlesseltnan, J.J.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Schlesseltnan JJ. Case-control studies: design, conduct and analysis, New York: OUP, 1982."},{"key":"ref_12","article-title":"Statistical methods for rates and proportions","author":"Fleiss, J.L.","year":"1981","unstructured":"Fleiss JL. Statistical methods for rates and proportions. 2nd ed. New York: John Wiley, 1981.","edition":"2nd ed"},{"key":"ref_13","article-title":"Scientific tables","author":"Diem, K.","year":"1970","unstructured":"Diem K, Lentner C. eds. Documenta Geigy. Scientific tables. 7th ed. Basle, Switzerland: JR Geigy, 1970.","edition":"7th ed"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.280.6207.75","article-title":"Gastroscopic evaluation of antiinflammatory drugs","volume":"1","author":"Caruso, D.; Porro, G.B.","year":"1980","unstructured":"Caruso D, Porro GB. Gastroscopic evaluation of antiinflammatory drugs. Br Med J 1980; 1: 75-8.","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.47.546.227","article-title":"Gastric ulcer and the anti-arthritic drugs","volume":"47","author":"Emmanuel, J.H.; Montgomery, R.D.","year":"1971","unstructured":"Emmanuel JH, Montgomery RD. Gastric ulcer and the anti-arthritic drugs. Postgrad Med J 1971; 47: 227-32.","journal-title":"Postgrad Med J"},{"key":"ref_16","article-title":"Analgesic drugs and peptic ulcer: human studies","volume":"2","author":"Piper, D.W.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Piper DW. Analgesic drugs and peptic ulcer: human studies. In: Pfeiffer CJ, ed. Drugs and peptic ulcer. Vol 2. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 1982."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.17.5.378","article-title":"Aspirin in chronic gastric ulcer: an Australian experience","volume":"17","author":"Duggan, J.M.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Duggan JM. Aspirin in chronic gastric ulcer: an Australian experience. Gut 1976; 17: 378-84.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.13.8.631","article-title":"Aspirin ingestion and perforated peptic ulcer","volume":"13","author":"Duggan, J.M.","year":"1972","unstructured":"Duggan JM. Aspirin ingestion and perforated peptic ulcer. Gut 1972; 13: 631-3.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref_19","first-page":"443","article-title":"Aspirin and uncomplicated peptic ulcer","volume":"1969","author":"Chapman, B.L.; Duggan, J.M.","unstructured":"Chapman BL, Duggan JM. Aspirin and uncomplicated peptic ulcer. Gut 1969; 10: 443-50.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"565","article-title":"Aspirin and gastric ulcer","volume-title":"Mayo Clinic Proc","volume":"50","author":"Cameron, A.J.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Cameron AJ. Aspirin and gastric ulcer. Mayo Clinic Proc. 1975; 50: 565-75."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1586","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.6127.1586","article-title":"Effect of paracetamol on gastric mucosa","volume":"1","author":"Ivey, K.; Silvoso, G.R.; Krause, W.J.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Ivey K, Silvoso GR, Krause WJ. Effect of paracetamol on gastric mucosa. Br Med J 1978; 1: 1586-8.","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"3404","article-title":"Aspirin, paracetamol and haematemesis and melaena","volume":"23","author":"Coggon, D.; Langman, M.J.S.; Spiegelhalter, D.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Coggon D, Langman MJS, Spiegelhalter D. Aspirin, paracetamol and haematemesis and melaena. Gut 1982; 23: 3404.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01297219","article-title":"Relationship of gastric mucosal damage induced in pigs by anti-inflammatory drugs to their effects on prostaglandin production","volume":"27","author":"Rainsford, K.D.; Willis, C.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Rainsford KD, Willis C. Relationship of gastric mucosal damage induced in pigs by anti-inflammatory drugs to their effects on prostaglandin production. Dig Dis Sci 1982; 27: 624-35.","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"}],"container-title":["Gut"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/gut.27.8.929","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,7]],"date-time":"2025-09-07T21:40:13Z","timestamp":1757281213000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/gut.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/gut.27.8.929"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1986,8]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1986,8,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1986,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/gut.27.8.929"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/gut.27.8.929","relation":{},"ISSN":["0017-5749","1468-3288"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0017-5749"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1468-3288"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1986,8]]}}}