{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T02:46:33Z","timestamp":1791081993048,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gut"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1987,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We previously noted a region of amino acid sequence homology between A-gliadin, a major alpha-gliadin component known to activate coeliac disease, and the early region E1b protein of human adenovirus serotype 12 (Ad12), an adenovirus isolated from the human intestinal tract. In the present study sera from coeliac disease patients from the United Kingdom and the United States were assayed for neutralising antibody to Ad12 as evidence of past exposure to that virus and for antibody to synthetic peptides of A-gliadin from the region of shared sequence with the Ad12 E1b protein. Eighty nine per cent of untreated coeliac disease patients had evidence of previous Ad12 infection. There was also a significant increase in the prevalence of neutralising antibody to Ad12 among treated adults (33.3%) and children (30.8%) with coeliac disease compared with controls (0-12.8%) in the western USA and in London. There was no evidence for an increased prevalence of infection with a closely related adenovirus, adenovirus 18, or another enteric virus, Echovirus 11, among coeliac disease subjects. Additional studies documented that a region of A-gliadin that shares amino acid sequence homology with the adenovirus 12 E1b protein could be recognised as an antigenic determinant in active coeliac disease patients. Taken together, these data are compatible with the hypothesis that a viral protein may play a role in the pathogenesis of coeliac disease, perhaps by virtue of immunological cross reactivity between antigenic determinants shared by the viral protein and alpha-gliadins.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.28.8.995","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,18]],"date-time":"2007-09-18T17:41:31Z","timestamp":1190137291000},"page":"995-1001","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":182,"title":["Evidence for the role of a human intestinal adenovirus in the pathogenesis of coeliac disease."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"M F","family":"Kagnoff","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y J","family":"Paterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P J","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D D","family":"Kasarda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F R","family":"Carbone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D J","family":"Unsworth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R K","family":"Austin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1987,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"241","article-title":"Celiac disease","volume-title":"Annual review of nutrition","author":"Cole, S.G.; Kagnoff, M.F.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Cole SG, Kagnoff MF. Celiac disease. In: Olson RE, ed. Annual review of nutrition. Palo Alto, CA: Annual Reviews Inc, 1985: 241-66."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"158","article-title":"Wheat proteins","author":"Kasarda, D.D.; Bernardin, J.E.; Nimmo, C.C.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Kasarda DD, Bernardin JE, Nimmo CC. Wheat proteins. In: Pomeranz Y, ed. Advances in cereal science and technology. St Paul Minn: American Association of Cereal Chemists, 1976: 158-236.","journal-title":"St Paul Minn: American Association of Cereal Chemists; Advances in cereal science and technology"},{"issue":"94","key":"ref_3","first-page":"477","article-title":"Starch gel electrophoresis of wheat gluten proteins with concentrated urea","volume":"1961","author":"Woychik, J.H.; Boundy, J.A.; Dimler, R.J.","unstructured":"Woychik JH, Boundy JA, Dimler RJ. Starch gel electrophoresis of wheat gluten proteins with concentrated urea. Arch Biochem Biophys 1961; 94: 477-82.","journal-title":"Arch Biochem Biophys"},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"1065","article-title":"Gluten subfractions in coeliac disease","volume":"ii:","author":"Kendall, M.J.; Cox, P.S.; Schneider, R.; Hawkins, C.F.","year":"1972","unstructured":"Kendall MJ, Cox PS, Schneider R, Hawkins CF. Gluten subfractions in coeliac disease. Lancet 1972; ii: 1065-7.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"1147","article-title":"Clinical toxicity testing of pure gliadins in coeliac disease","volume":"86","author":"Kumar, P.J.; Sinclair, T.S.; Farthing, M.J.G.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Kumar PJ, Sinclair TS, Farthing MJG, et al. Clinical toxicity testing of pure gliadins in coeliac disease. [Abstract]. Gastroenterology 1984; 86: 1147.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1042\/cs0660357","article-title":"Clinical testing of gliadin fractions in celiac patients","volume":"66","author":"Ciclitira, P.J.; Evans, D.J.; Gaff, N.L.K.; Lennox, E.S.; Dowling, R.H.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Ciclitira PJ, Evans DJ, Gaff NLK, Lennox ES, Dowling RH. Clinical testing of gliadin fractions in celiac patients. Clin Sci 1984; 66: 357-64.","journal-title":"Clin Sci"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1080\/00365521.1984.12005681","article-title":"Are all gliadins toxic in celiac disease? An in vitro study of a,: 3, y, and w gliadins","volume":"19","author":"Howdle, P.D.; Ciclitira, P.J.; Simpson, F.G.; Losowsky, M.S.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Howdle PD, Ciclitira PJ, Simpson FG, Losowsky MS. Are all gliadins toxic in celiac disease? An in vitro study of a,:3, y, and w gliadins. ScandJ Gastroenterol 1984; 19: 41-7.","journal-title":"ScandJ Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"151","article-title":"Structure and properties of a-gliadins","volume":"29","author":"Kasarda, D.D.","year":"1980","unstructured":"Kasarda DD. Structure and properties of a-gliadins. Ann Tech Agric 1980; 29: 151-3.","journal-title":"Ann Tech Agric"},{"key":"ref_9","article-title":"Toxic proteins and peptides in celiac disease: relations to cereal genetics","volume-title":"nutrition and evolution","author":"Kasarda, D.D.","year":"1981","unstructured":"Kasarda DD. Toxic proteins and peptides in celiac disease: relations to cereal genetics. In: Walcher D, Kretchmer M, eds. Food, nutrition and evolution. New York: Masson, 1981: 201-16."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI107582","article-title":"An in vitro model of gluten-sensitive enteropathy. Effect of gliadin on intestinal epithelial cells of patients with gluten-sensitive enteropathy in organ culture","volume":"53","author":"Falchuk, Z.M.; Gebhard, R.L.; Sessoms, C.; Strober, W.","year":"1974","unstructured":"Falchuk ZM, Gebhard RL, Sessoms C, Strober W. An in vitro model of gluten-sensitive enteropathy. Effect of gliadin on intestinal epithelial cells of patients with gluten-sensitive enteropathy in organ culture. J Clin Invest 1974; 53: 487-500.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"4712","article-title":"Nucleic acid (cDNA) and amino acid sequences of a-type gliadins from wheat","volume-title":"(Triticum aestivum L). Proc Natl Acad Sci","volume":"81","author":"Kasarda, D.D.; Okita, T.W.; Bernardin, J.E.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Kasarda DD, Okita TW, Bernardin JE, et al. Nucleic acid (cDNA) and amino acid sequences of a-type gliadins from wheat (Triticum aestivum L). Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1984; 81: 4712-6."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-011-8114-3_27","article-title":"Glutensensitive enteropathy in Spain: genetic and environmental factors","volume-title":"The genetics of coeliac disease","author":"Polanco, I.; Biemond, I.; Van Leeuwen, A.","year":"1981","unstructured":"Polanco I, Biemond I, Van Leeuwen A, et al. Glutensensitive enteropathy in Spain: genetic and environmental factors. In: McConnell RB, ed. The genetics of coeliac disease. Lancaster, England: MTP Press, 1981: 211-31."},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"532","article-title":"HLA-DR phenotypes in Spanish coeliac children: their contribution to the understanding","volume-title":"of the genetics of the disease. Gut","volume":"24","year":"1983","unstructured":"Mearin ML, Biemond 1, Pena AS, Polanco 1, Vasquez C. HLA-DR phenotypes in Spanish coeliac children: their contribution to the understanding of the genetics of the disease. Gut 1983; 24: 532-7."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.58.686.797","article-title":"Coeliac disease in monozygotic twins","volume":"58","author":"Shale, D.J.; Johnston, D.G.; Hall, R.; Robert, D.F.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Shale DJ, Johnston DG, Hall R, Robert DF. Coeliac disease in monozygotic twins. Posigrad Med J 1982; 58: 797-8.","journal-title":"Posigrad Med J"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1544","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.160.5.1544","article-title":"Possible role for a human advenovirus in the pathogenesis of celiac disease","volume":"160","author":"Kagnoff, M.F.; Austin, R.K.; Hubert, J.J.; Kasarda, D.D.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Kagnoff MF, Austin RK, Hubert JJ, Kasarda DD. Possible role for a human advenovirus in the pathogenesis of celiac disease. J Exp Med 1984; 160: 1544-57.","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"383","article-title":"Structure and genomic organization of adenoviruses","volume-title":"tumor viruses","author":"Flint, S.J.","year":"1980","unstructured":"Flint SJ. Structure and genomic organization of adenoviruses. In: Tooze J, ed. DNA tumor viruses. New York: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratories, 1980: 383-441."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.29.4.487-495.1965","article-title":"Recovery and identification of adenovirus in infections of infants and children","volume":"29","author":"Vargosko, A.J.; Kim, H.W.; Parrott, R.H.; Jeffries, B.C.; Wong, D.; Chanock, R.M.","year":"1965","unstructured":"Vargosko AJ, Kim HW, Parrott RH, Jeffries BC, Wong D, Chanock RM. Recovery and identification of adenovirus in infections of infants and children. Bacteriol Rev 1965; 29: 487-95.","journal-title":"Bacteriol Rev"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022172400070327","article-title":"Faecal adenoviruses from Glasgow babies. Studies on culture and identity","volume":"88","author":"Kidd, A.H.; Cosgrove, B.P.; Brown, R.A.; Madeley, C.R.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Kidd AH, Cosgrove BP, Brown RA, Madeley CR. Faecal adenoviruses from Glasgow babies. Studies on culture and identity. J Hyg Camb 1982; 88: 463-74.","journal-title":"J Hyg Camb"},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"2693","article-title":"Celiac sprue: correlation with murine T-cell responses to wheat gliadin components","volume":"129","author":"Kagnoff, M.F.; Austin, R.K.; Johnson, H.C.L.; Bernardin, J.E.; Dietler, M.D.; Kasarda, D.D.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Kagnoff MF, Austin RK, Johnson HCL, Bernardin JE, Dietler MD, Kasarda DD. Celiac sprue: correlation with murine T-cell responses to wheat gliadin components. J Immunol 1982; 129: 2693-7.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI110988","article-title":"Gluten sensitive enteropathy: IgG heavy-chain (Gm) allotypes and the immune response to wheat gliadin","volume":"72","author":"Weiss, J.B.; Austin, R.K.; Schanfield, M.S.; Kagnoff, M.F.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Weiss JB, Austin RK, Schanfield MS, Kagnoff MF. Gluten sensitive enteropathy: IgG heavy-chain (Gm) allotypes and the immune response to wheat gliadin. J Clin Invest 1983; 72: 96-101.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2149","DOI":"10.1021\/ja00897a025","article-title":"Solid phase peptide synthesis. I. The synthesis of a tetrapeptide","volume":"85","author":"Merrifield, R.B.","year":"1963","unstructured":"Merrifield RB. Solid phase peptide synthesis. I. The synthesis of a tetrapeptide. J Am Chem Soc 1963; 85: 2149-54.","journal-title":"J Am Chem Soc"},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"1","article-title":"Solid phase peptide synthesis","author":"Barany, G.; Merrifield, R.B.","year":"1980","unstructured":"Barany G, Merrifield RB. Solid phase peptide synthesis. In: Gross E, Meienhofer J, eds. The peptides. New York: Academic Press, 1980: 1-284."},{"key":"ref_23","article-title":"Solid phase peptide synthesis","author":"Stewart, J.M.; Young, J.D.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Stewart JM, Young JD. Solid phase peptide synthesis. 2nd ed. Rockford, Illinois: Pierce, 1984.","edition":"2nd ed"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-5-2-183","article-title":"Biological characterization of structural components of adenovirus type 12","volume":"5","author":"Norrby, E.; Ankerst, J.","year":"1969","unstructured":"Norrby E, Ankerst J. Biological characterization of structural components of adenovirus type 12. J Gen Virol 1969; 5: 183-94.","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"1","article-title":"Specificity of anti-gliadin antibody","volume-title":"celiac disease. Gastroenterology 1985; 89","author":"Levenson, S.D.; Austin, R.K.; Dietler, M.D.; Kasarda, D.D.; Kagnoff, M.F.","unstructured":"Levenson SD, Austin RK, Dietler MD, Kasarda DD, Kagnoff MF. Specificity of anti-gliadin antibody in celiac disease. Gastroenterology 1985; 89: 1-5."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022172400070650","article-title":"Neutralizing antibodies against 33 human adenoviruses in normal children in Rome","volume":"89","author":"D'Ambrosio, E.; Del Grosso, N.; Chicca, A.; Midulla, M.","year":"1982","unstructured":"D'Ambrosio E, Del Grosso N, Chicca A, Midulla M. Neutralizing antibodies against 33 human adenoviruses in normal children in Rome. J Hyg Camb 1982; 89: 155-66.","journal-title":"J Hyg Camb"},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"211","article-title":"Role of viruses in pediatric gastrointestinal disease and epidemiologic factors","volume-title":"Virus infections of the gastrointestinal tract","author":"Middleton, P.J.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Middleton PJ. Role of viruses in pediatric gastrointestinal disease and epidemiologic factors. In: Tyrrell DAJ, Kapikian AZ, eds. Virus infections of the gastrointestinal tract. New York: Marcel Dekker, 1982: 211-25."},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"1","article-title":"The interface between adenovirustransformed cells and cellular immune response in the challenged host","volume-title":"Current topics in microbiology and immunology. The molecular biology of adenoviruses 2","author":"Lewis, A.M.; L, Cook J.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Lewis AM, Cook J L. The interface between adenovirustransformed cells and cellular immune response in the challenged host. In: Doerfier W, ed. Current topics in microbiology and immunology. The molecular biology of adenoviruses 2. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1984: 1-22."},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"547","article-title":"Transformation by adenovirus","volume-title":"Molecular biology of tumor viruses II. DNA tlumor viruses","author":"Flint, S.J.","year":"1980","unstructured":"Flint SJ. Transformation by adenovirus. In: Tooze J, ed. Molecular biology of tumor viruses II. DNA tlumor viruses. New York: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratories, 1980: 547-76."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1038\/288174a0","article-title":"Structure of two adenovirus type 12 transforming polypeptides and their evolutionary implications","volume":"288","year":"1980","unstructured":"Structure of two adenovirus type 12 transforming polypeptides and their evolutionary implications. Nature 1980; 288: 174-6.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6822(79)90447-1","article-title":"Initiation sites by high doses of UV irradiation: evidence for three independent promoters within the left 11% of the Ad-2 genome","volume":"94","author":"Wilson, M.C.; Fraser, N.W.; Darnell, J.E.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Wilson MC, Fraser NW, Darnell JE. Initiation sites by high doses of UV irradiation: evidence for three independent promoters within the left 11% of the Ad-2 genome. Virology 1979; 94: 175-84.","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(81)90366-4","article-title":"The 2-2 kb Elb mRNA of human Adl2 and AdS codes for two tumor antigens starting at different AUG triplets","volume":"27","author":"Bos, J.L.; Polder, L.J.; Bernards, R.","year":"1981","unstructured":"Bos JL, Polder LJ, Bernards R, et al. The 2-2 kb Elb mRNA of human Adl2 and AdS codes for two tumor antigens starting at different AUG triplets. Cell 1981; 27: 121-31.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6571","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/9.23.6571","article-title":"Nucleotide sequence of the transforming early region Elb of adenovirus type 12 DNA: structure and gene organization, and comparison with those of adenovirus type 5 DNA","volume":"9","author":"Kirmura, T.; Sawada, Y.; Shinawawa, M.","year":"1981","unstructured":"Kirmura T, Sawada Y, Shinawawa M, et al. Nucleotide sequence of the transforming early region Elb of adenovirus type 12 DNA: structure and gene organization, and comparison with those of adenovirus type 5 DNA. Nucleic Acids Res 1981; 9: 6571-89.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.1.1.65-74.1975","article-title":"Reference equine antisera to 33 human adenovirus types: homologous and heterologous titers","volume":"1","author":"Hierholzer, J.C.; Gamble, W.C.; Dowdle, W.R.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Hierholzer JC, Gamble WC, Dowdle WR. Reference equine antisera to 33 human adenovirus types: homologous and heterologous titers. J Clin Microbiol 1975; 1: 65-74.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-5699(85)90096-9","article-title":"Antigen-antibody interactions at the molecular level: adventures in peptide synthesis","volume":"6","author":"Geysen, M.H.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Geysen MH. Antigen-antibody interactions at the molecular level: adventures in peptide synthesis. Immunol Today 1985; 6: 364-9.","journal-title":"Immunol Today"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-1229(83)90106-X","article-title":"Evidence that celiac disease is primarily associated with a DC locus allelic specificity","volume":"28","author":"Tosi, R.; Vismara, D.; Tanigaki, N.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Tosi R, Vismara D, Tanigaki N, et al. Evidence that celiac disease is primarily associated with a DC locus allelic specificity. Clin Immun Immunopathol 1983; 28: 395-404.","journal-title":"Clin Immun Immunopathol"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1210","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.26.11.1210","article-title":"DR and non-DR Ia allotypes are associated with susceptibility to coeliac disease","volume":"26","author":"Corazza, G.R.; Tabacchi, P.; Frisoni, M.; Prati, C.; Gasbarrini, G.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Corazza GR, Tabacchi P, Frisoni M, Prati C, Gasbarrini G. DR and non-DR Ia allotypes are associated with susceptibility to coeliac disease. Gut 1985; 26: 1210-3.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.164.1.333","article-title":"An HLA-D region restriction fragment length polymorphism associated with celiac disease","volume":"164","author":"Howell, M.D.; Austin, R.K.; Kelleher, D.; Nepom, G.T.; Kagnoff, M.F.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Howell MD, Austin RK, Kelleher D, Nepom GT, Kagnoff MF. An HLA-D region restriction fragment length polymorphism associated with celiac disease. J Exp Med 1986; 164: 333-8.","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.iy.03.040185.001321","article-title":"T-lymphocyte recognition of antigen in association with gene products of the major histocompatibility complex","volume":"3","author":"Schwartz, R.H.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Schwartz RH. T-lymphocyte recognition of antigen in association with gene products of the major histocompatibility complex. Ann Rev Immunol 1985; 3: 237-62.","journal-title":"Ann Rev Immunol"}],"container-title":["Gut"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/gut.28.8.995","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,8]],"date-time":"2025-09-08T07:02:28Z","timestamp":1757314948000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/gut.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/gut.28.8.995"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1987,8]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1987,8,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1987,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/gut.28.8.995"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/gut.28.8.995","relation":{},"ISSN":["0017-5749","1468-3288"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0017-5749","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-3288","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1987,8]]}}}