{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]],"date-time":"2025-09-11T19:33:35Z","timestamp":1757619215831,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gut"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1989,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A study has been undertaken of the granulomatous response induced in the ascending colon and terminal ileum of the guinea pig by the direct inoculation of mycobacterial antigens. Live BCG (Pasteur) 2 x 10(7) at two weeks induced epithelioid cell granulomas in both large and small bowel and in the draining lymph nodes. The area of infiltration was significantly greater for a given inoculum in the large bowel. Acid fast bacilli were present on Ziehl Neelson stained sections of the large bowel infiltrate, but only rarely in sections from the small bowel lesions. The response to skin testing with a standardised amount of purified protein derivative was less in animals inoculated in the small bowel. Inoculation with 2 x 10(9) cobalt irradiated BCG gave rise, at five weeks, to granulomas containing lesser numbers of epithelioid cells and caseation was sometimes evident. There was a similar but smaller difference in the degree of infiltration at the two inoculation sites. Ziehl Neelson staining failed to reveal the presence of acid fast bacilli in any sections of the bowel infiltrates. Skin testing with purified protein derivative gave a response which was greater in animals inoculated in the small bowel. An identical dose of Cobalt irradiated M leprae induced at five weeks a predominantly macrophage granuloma in both the large and small bowel, with no significant difference in the degree of infiltration at the two sites. No acid fast bacilli were seen in Ziehl Neelson stained sections of the bowel and skin testing with purified protein derivative was reduced. These findings and their relevance to studies of the aetiology of Crohn's disease are discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.30.10.1371","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,18]],"date-time":"2007-09-18T17:41:31Z","timestamp":1190137291000},"page":"1371-1378","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["An experimental animal model of granulomatous bowel disease."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"I C","family":"Mitchell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J L","family":"Turk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1989,10,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"104","key":"ref_1","first-page":"601","article-title":"Experimental lymphoedema of the intestinal tract and its relationship to regional cicatrizing enteritis","volume":"1936","author":"Reichart, F.L.; Mathes, M.E.","unstructured":"Reichart FL, Mathes ME. Experimental lymphoedema of the intestinal tract and its relationship to regional cicatrizing enteritis. Ann Surg 1936; 104: 601-16.","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"221","article-title":"Production of chronic enteritis and other systemic lesions by ingestion of finely divided foreign materials","volume":"27","author":"Chess, S.; Chess, D.; Orlander, G.; Benner, W.; Cole, W.H.","year":"1950","unstructured":"Chess S, Chess D, Orlander G, Benner W, Cole WH. Production of chronic enteritis and other systemic lesions by ingestion of finely divided foreign materials. Surgery 1950; 27: 221-34.","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(69)90187-1","article-title":"Seaweeds and ulcerative colitis in laboratory animals","volume":"ii:","author":"Marcus, R.; Watt, J.","year":"1969","unstructured":"Marcus R, Watt J. Seaweeds and ulcerative colitis in laboratory animals. Lancet 1969; ii: 489-90.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(19)32453-9","article-title":"Experimental animal studies of the aetiology and pathogenesis of Crohn's disease","volume":"69","author":"Cave, D.R.; Mitchell, D.N.; Brooke, B.N.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Cave DR, Mitchell DN, Brooke BN. Experimental animal studies of the aetiology and pathogenesis of Crohn's disease. Gastroenterology 1975; 69: 618-24.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"211","article-title":"The production of an unusual tissue reaction in rabbit bowel injected with Crohn's disease homogenates","volume":"82","author":"Simonowitz, D.; Bloch, G.E.; Riddell, R.H.; Craft, S.C.; KirsnerJB","year":"1977","unstructured":"Simonowitz D, Bloch GE, Riddell RH, Craft SC, KirsnerJB. The production of an unusual tissue reaction in rabbit bowel injected with Crohn's disease homogenates. Surgery 1977; 82: 211-8.","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"1222","article-title":"Negative findings in laboratory animals for a transmissible agent in Crohn's disease","volume":"ii:","author":"Bolton, P.H.; Owen, E.; Healtey, R.V.; Jones Williams, W.; Hughes, L.E.","year":"1973","unstructured":"Bolton PH, Owen E, Healtey RV, Jones Williams W, Hughes LE. Negative findings in laboratory animals for a transmissible agent in Crohn's disease. Lancet 1973; ii: 1222-4.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01317078","article-title":"Possible role of mycobacteria in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"29","author":"Chiodine, R.J.; Van Kruningen, J.; Thayer, W.R.; Merkal, R.J.; Coutu, J.A.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Chiodine RJ, Van Kruningen J, Thayer WR, Merkal RJ, Coutu JA. Possible role of mycobacteria in inflammatory bowel disease. Dig Dis Sci 1984; 29: 1073-9.","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"693","article-title":"Mycobacteria as a possible cause of inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"ii:","author":"Burnham, W.R.; Leonard-Jones, J.C.; Stanford, J.L.; Bird, R.J.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Burnham WR, Leonard-Jones JC, Stanford JL, Bird RJ. Mycobacteria as a possible cause of inflammatory bowel disease. Lancet 1978; ii: 693-6.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"436","article-title":"Mycobacteria and inflammatory bowel disease","volume-title":"Results of culture. Gastroenterology 1987; 92","author":"DC, Graham D.Y.Marhesich; HH, Yashimura","unstructured":"Graham DY. Marhesich DC, Yashimura HH. Mycobacteria and inflammatory bowel disease. Results of culture. Gastroenterology 1987; 92: 436-42."},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"253","article-title":"Experimental mycobacterial granulomas in guinea pig lymph nodes: ultrastructural observations","volume":"134","author":"P, Narayanan R.B.Badenoch Jones; JL, Turk","year":"1981","unstructured":"Narayanan RB. Badenoch Jones P, Turk JL. Experimental mycobacterial granulomas in guinea pig lymph nodes: ultrastructural observations. J Patliol 1981; 134: 253-65.","journal-title":"J Patliol"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1711380304","article-title":"Comparison of mycobacterial granulomas in guinea pig lymph nodes","volume":"138","author":"P, Narayanan R.B.Badenoch-Jones; JL, Curtis J.Turk","year":"1982","unstructured":"Narayanan RB. Badenoch-Jones P, Curtis J. Turk JL. Comparison of mycobacterial granulomas in guinea pig lymph nodes. J Pathol 1982; 138: 219-33.","journal-title":"J Pathol"},{"issue":"38","key":"ref_12","first-page":"732","article-title":"The estimation of bactericidal power of the blood","volume":"1938","author":"Miles, A.A.; Misra, S.S.","unstructured":"Miles AA, Misra SS. The estimation of bactericidal power of the blood. J Hyg 1938; 38: 732.","journal-title":"J Hyg"},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"414","article-title":"Effect of macrocyclon on acute and chronic pulmonary tuberculosis infection in mice as shown by viable and total bacterial counts","volume":"41","author":"Hart, P.D.; Rees, R.J.W.","year":"1960","unstructured":"Hart PD, Rees RJW. Effect of macrocyclon on acute and chronic pulmonary tuberculosis infection in mice as shown by viable and total bacterial counts. Br J Ex.pv Pathol 1960; 41: 414-21.","journal-title":"Br J Ex.pv Pathol"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.23.3.787-794.1979","article-title":"Induction of cell mediated immunity to M Leprae in guinea pigs","volume":"23","author":"Mehra, V.; Bloom, B.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Mehra V, Bloom B. Induction of cell mediated immunity to M Leprae in guinea pigs. Infect Immnun 1979; 23: 787-94.","journal-title":"Infect Immnun"},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"549","article-title":"Suppression of delayed hypersensitivity to tuberculin by antigenic competition: a positive immunoregulatory mechanism sensitive to cyclophosphamide","volume":"42","author":"Dwyer, J.M.; Parker, D.; Turk, J.L.","year":"1981","unstructured":"Dwyer JM, Parker D, Turk JL. Suppression of delayed hypersensitivity to tuberculin by antigenic competition: a positive immunoregulatory mechanism sensitive to cyclophosphamide. Immunology 1981; 42: 549-59.","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(70)90022-X","article-title":"Carrageenan and the human gut","volume":"ii:","author":"Bonfils, S.","year":"1970","unstructured":"Bonfils S. Carrageenan and the human gut. Lancet 1970; ii: 414.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_17","series-title":"Recent advances in Crohn's disease \/981. Proceedings of the International Workshop on Crohn's Disease. Noardwijk","article-title":"The Hague. Martinius Nyhoff","author":"White, S.A.","year":"1980","unstructured":"White SA. In: Recent advances in Crohn's disease \/981. Proceedings of the International Workshop on Crohn's Disease. Noardwijk. 24-28 June 1980. The Hague. Martinius Nyhoff."},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"750","article-title":"The relationship between the course of Crohn's disease and the number of granulomas","volume-title":"the involved bowel. Proc VIII International Conference on Sarcoidosis and otlier Granulomatous","author":"Chambers, T.J.; Marson, B.J.","year":"1980","unstructured":"Chambers TJ, Marson BJ. The relationship between the course of Crohn's disease and the number of granulomas in the involved bowel. Proc VIII International Conference on Sarcoidosis and otlier Granulomatous Diseases. In: Jones-Williams W, Davies BM, eds. Cardiff: Alpha Omega, 1980: 750-7."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1042\/bst0150549","article-title":"The use of cloned mycobacterial DNA probes for the detection of mycobacteria in Crohn's disease tissue","volume":"15","author":"Butcher, P.D.; Thompson, J.; Herman Taylor, J.; McFadden, J.J.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Butcher PD, Thompson J, Herman Taylor J, McFadden JJ. The use of cloned mycobacterial DNA probes for the detection of mycobacteria in Crohn's disease tissue. Biochem Soc Trans 1987; 15: 549-50.","journal-title":"Biochem Soc Trans"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.5.6.510","article-title":"Histology of Crohn's syndrome","volume":"5","author":"Jones-Williams, W.","year":"1964","unstructured":"Jones-Williams W. Histology of Crohn's syndrome. Gut 1964; 5: 510-6.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"733","article-title":"The primary histopathological lesion of regional enteritis","volume":"ii:","author":"Hadfield, G.","year":"1939","unstructured":"Hadfield G. The primary histopathological lesion of regional enteritis. Lancet 1939; ii: 733-5.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"181","volume":"1939","author":"Blackburn, G.; Hadfield, G.; Hunt, A.H.","unstructured":"Blackburn G, Hadfield G, Hunt AH. St Bartholomew's Hospital Review 1939: 181.","journal-title":"St Bartholomew's Hospital Review"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1250","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(58)91387-4","article-title":"The relation between regional enteritis and sarcoidosis","volume":"ii:","author":"Phear, D.N.","year":"1958","unstructured":"Phear DN. The relation between regional enteritis and sarcoidosis. Lancet 1958; ii: 1250-1.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.6.5.503","article-title":"A study of Crohn's syndrome using tissue extracts and the Kveim and Mantoux tests","volume":"6","author":"Williams, W.J.","year":"1965","unstructured":"Williams WJ. A study of Crohn's syndrome using tissue extracts and the Kveim and Mantoux tests. Gut 1965; 6: 503.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(67)91949-6","article-title":"Tuberculin sensitivity in Crohn's disease","volume":"ii:","author":"Fletcher, J.; Hinton, M.","year":"1967","unstructured":"Fletcher J, Hinton M. Tuberculin sensitivity in Crohn's disease. Lancet 1967; ii: 753-4.","journal-title":"Lancet"}],"container-title":["Gut"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/gut.30.10.1371","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,7]],"date-time":"2025-09-07T18:26:00Z","timestamp":1757269560000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/gut.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/gut.30.10.1371"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1989,10]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1989,10,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1989,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/gut.30.10.1371"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/gut.30.10.1371","relation":{},"ISSN":["0017-5749","1468-3288"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0017-5749"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1468-3288"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1989,10]]}}}