{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T11:08:49Z","timestamp":1781176129501,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gut"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1989,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Complement activation may play an important role in the pathogenesis of coeliac disease. In the present study immunohistochemical localisation of C3 and of a neoantigen exposed only on the terminal C5b-9 complement complex has been performed on small intestinal biopsy sections from newly diagnosed untreated coeliac patients, from coeliac patients on long-term gluten-free diet and from disease controls. Levels of C3 were markedly increased in treated coeliac patients compared with controls. Staining of C3 was concentrated subepithelially and within the centre of the lamina propria. No staining was detected at these sites using antibody to the neoantigen, however, strongly suggesting that the increased levels of C3 seen in the coeliac patients was the result of increased extravasation of serum proteins rather than complement activation. Surprisingly, complement activation was detected within the glands of Brunner. Positive staining using anti-C5b-9 neoantigen was found in all coeliac patients, both treated and untreated. Three of the 13 disease controls also showed reactivity with this antibody. This novel finding suggests that Brunner's glands, hitherto largely neglected structures, may play an important role in the development of coeliac disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.30.11.1568","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,18]],"date-time":"2007-09-18T17:41:31Z","timestamp":1190137291000},"page":"1568-1573","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Complement activation within the coeliac small intestine is localised to Brunner's glands."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"R B","family":"Gallagher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C P","family":"Kelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Neville","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"O","family":"Sheils","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D G","family":"Weir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C F","family":"Feighery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1989,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1080\/00365521.1977.12031127","article-title":"Fausa 0. Immunoglobulins in jejunal mucosa and serum from patients with adult cocliac disease","volume":"12","author":"P, I.Baklcin K.Braentzig","year":"1977","unstructured":"I Baklcin K. Braentzig P. Fausa 0. Immunoglobulins in jejunal mucosa and serum from patients with adult cocliac disease. Scandi. Gastroenterol 1977; 12: 149-59.","journal-title":"Scandi. Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.25.1.41","article-title":"Small intestinal plasma cells in coeliac discase","volume":"25","author":"Scott, B.B.; Goodall, A.; Stephenson, P.; Jenkins, D.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Scott BB, Goodall A, Stephenson P, Jenkins D. Small intestinal plasma cells in coeliac discase. Gut 1984; 25: 41-6.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"487","article-title":"Multiple immune complexes and hypocomplementacmia in dermatitis herpetiformis and coeliac discasc","volume":"ii:","author":"Mohammed, J.; Holborrow, E.J.; Fry, L.; Thompson, B.R.; Hofflbrand, A.V.; Stewart, J.S.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Mohammed J, Holborrow EJ, Fry L, Thompson BR, Hofflbrand AV, Stewart JS. Multiple immune complexes and hypocomplementacmia in dermatitis herpetiformis and coeliac discasc. Lancet 1976; ii: 487-","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1202","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(72)90924-5","article-title":"Antigen-antibody reactions in jcjunal mucosa in childhood coeliac diseasc aftcr gluten challengc","volume":"i:","author":"Shiner, M.; Ballard, J.","year":"1972","unstructured":"(. 5 Shiner M, Ballard J. Antigen-antibody reactions in jcjunal mucosa in childhood coeliac diseasc aftcr gluten challengc. Lancet 1972; i: 1202.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"189","article-title":"Complement activation in coeliac disease","volume":"1980","author":"Doe, W.F.; Booth, Henry K.; C.C.","unstructured":"Doe WF, Henry K. Booth CC. Complement activation in coeliac disease. In: Hekkens WThJM, Pena AS. eds. Coeliac disease. Leiden. 1980: 189.","journal-title":"Coeliac disease. Leiden"},{"issue":"121","key":"ref_6","first-page":"219","article-title":"Jejunal mucosal immunoglobulins and complement in untreated coeliac discase","volume":"1976","author":"Scott, B.B.; Scott, D.G.; Losowsky, M.S.","unstructured":"Scott BB, Scott DG, Losowsky MS. Jejunal mucosal immunoglobulins and complement in untreated coeliac discase. J Patlhol 1976: 121: 219-3.","journal-title":"J Patlhol"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref_7","first-page":"988","article-title":"Quantitation of intra-epithelial lymphocytes in human jejunum","volume":"1971","author":"Ferguson, A.; Murray, D.","unstructured":"Ferguson A, Murray D. Quantitation of intra-epithelial lymphocytes in human jejunum. Gut 1971: 12: 988-94.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"1218","article-title":"Abnormal behaviour of epithelial lymphocytes in sprue","volume":"78","author":"Marsh, M.N.","year":"1980","unstructured":"Marsh MN. Abnormal behaviour of epithelial lymphocytes in sprue. Gastroenter\/vlogy 1980; 78: 1218.","journal-title":"Gastroenter\/vlogy"},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"177","article-title":"Immunoperoxidase demonstration of the cellular composition of the normal and coeliac small bowel","volume":"68","author":"Kclly, J.; O'Mahony, O.'Farrclly C.; C, Weir; DG, Fcighery; C.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Kclly J, O'Farrclly C. O'Mahony C, Weir DG, Fcighery C. Immunoperoxidase demonstration of the cellular composition of the normal and coeliac small bowel. Clin Fxl) Immunol 1987; 68: 177-88.","journal-title":"Clin Fxl) Immunol"},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"92","article-title":"Inflammatory component of celiac sprue mucosa. I. Mast cells, basophils","volume-title":"and eosinophils. Gastroenterology 1985; 89","author":"Marsh, M.N.; Hinde, J.","unstructured":"Marsh MN, Hinde J. Inflammatory component of celiac sprue mucosa. I. Mast cells, basophils and eosinophils. Gastroenterology 1985; 89: 92-101."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01988038","article-title":"Histamine and mucosal mast cells in gluten enteropathy","volume":"18","author":"Wingren, U.; Hallert, C.; Norrby, K.; Enerback, L.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Wingren U, Hallert C, Norrby K, Enerback L. Histamine and mucosal mast cells in gluten enteropathy. Agents Actions 1986; 18: 266-8.","journal-title":"Agents Actions"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01116996","article-title":"Monoclonal antibodies to neoantigens of the C5b-9 complex of human complement","volume":"5","author":"Hugo, F.; Jcnne, D.; Bhakdi, S.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Hugo F, Jcnne D, Bhakdi S. Monoclonal antibodies to neoantigens of the C5b-9 complex of human complement. Biosci Rep 1985; 5: 649.","journal-title":"Biosci Rep"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1945","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.137.6.1945","article-title":"Deposition of the terminal C5b-9 complex in infarcted areas of human myocardium","volume":"137","author":"Schafer, H.; Mathey, D.; Bhakdi, Hugo F.; S.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Schafer H, Mathey D, Hugo F. Bhakdi S. Deposition of the terminal C5b-9 complex in infarcted areas of human myocardium. J Imtnminol 1986; 137: 1945-9.","journal-title":"J Imtnminol"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1759(87)90376-0","article-title":"Removal of endogenous peroxidase activity from cryostat sections of immunoperoxidasc visualisation of monoclonal antibodies","volume":"96","author":"Kelly, J.; Whelan, C.A.; Weir, D.G.; Feighery, C.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Kelly J, Whelan CA, Weir DG, Feighery C. Removal of endogenous peroxidase activity from cryostat sections of immunoperoxidasc visualisation of monoclonal antibodies. J Immunol Met\/i 1987; 96: 127-32.","journal-title":"J Immunol Met\/i"},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"219","article-title":"Immunoenzymatic labeling of monoclonal antibodics using immune complexes of alkaline phosphotase and monoclonal anti-alkaline phosphotasc (APAAP complcxes)","volume":"32","author":"Cordell, J.L.; Felini, B.; Erbes, W.N.; et ail","year":"1984","unstructured":"Cordell JL, Felini B, Erbes WN, et ail. Immunoenzymatic labeling of monoclonal antibodics using immune complexes of alkaline phosphotase and monoclonal anti-alkaline phosphotasc (APAAP complcxes). J Histoc\/hetn C'ytochetn 1984; 32: 219.","journal-title":"J Histoc\/hetn C'ytochetn"},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"409","article-title":"Isolation of specific antibodies to complement components","volume":"93","author":"Bhakdi, S.; Mihly, M.; Roth, M.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Bhakdi S, Mihly M, Roth M. Isolation of specific antibodies to complement components. Methods En:ymol 1983; 93: 409.","journal-title":"Methods En:ymol"},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"905","article-title":"The C3-activator system: an alternative pathway of complement activation","volume":"134","author":"Gotze 0, Muller-Eberhard HJ","year":"1971","unstructured":"Gotze 0, Muller-Eberhard HJ. The C3-activator system: an alternative pathway of complement activation. J Evp Med 1971; 134: 905.","journal-title":"J Evp Med"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1016\/0019-2791(74)90245-6","article-title":"The interactions of human complement with interfacially aggregated preparations of human secretory IgA","volume":"11","author":"Boakle, J.; Pruitt, K.M.; Mesteskey, J.","year":"1974","unstructured":"Boakle J, Pruitt KM, Mesteskey J. The interactions of human complement with interfacially aggregated preparations of human secretory IgA. Immunochemistry 1974; 11:543.","journal-title":"Immunochemistry"},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"479","article-title":"L-ack of compicment activation by human IgA immune complcxcs. C\/lin Exp Itntnunol","volume":"73","author":"Imai, H.; Chen, A.; Wyatt, R.J.; Rifai, A.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Imai H, Chen A, Wyatt RJ, Rifai A. L-ack of compicment activation by human IgA immune complcxcs. C\/lin Exp Itntnunol 1988; 73: 479-83."},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"1087","article-title":"Immunohistochemical localization of complement in intestinal mucosa","volume":"ii:","author":"Baklcin, K.; Bracntzig, P.","year":"1974","unstructured":"Baklcin K, Bracntzig P. Immunohistochemical localization of complement in intestinal mucosa. Lancet 1974; ii: 1087-8.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"49","article-title":"Pathology of coeliac disease","volume-title":"Culrrent topics in pat\/zology-pathology' of the gastroinitestinal tract","author":"Thompson, H.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Thompson H. Pathology of coeliac disease. In: Morson BC, ed. Culrrent topics in pat\/zology-pathology' of the gastroinitestinal tract. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1985: 49-75."},{"issue":"2","key":"ref_22","first-page":"2534","article-title":"Overview of gastroduodenal mucosal protection","volume":"84","author":"Shorrock, C.J.; Rees, W.D.W.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Shorrock CJ, Rees WDW. Overview of gastroduodenal mucosal protection. Atn J Med 1988; 84 (suppl 2A): 2534.","journal-title":"Atn J Med"},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"1411","article-title":"Elimination of complement channels from the plasma membrane of U937. a nucleated mammalian cell Comtiplemnen1t activation within the coeliac smHall initestine is localisedl to BrlilsnIer 's glandl.s 1573 line: temperature dependence of the elimination rate","volume":"131","author":"Ramm, L.E.; Whitlow, M.B.; Koski, C.L.; Ml, Shin; Mayer, M.M.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Ramm LE, Whitlow MB, Koski CL, Shin Ml, Mayer MM. Elimination of complement channels from the plasma membrane of U937. a nucleated mammalian cell Comtiplemnen1t activation within the coeliac smHall initestine is localisedl to BrlilsnIer 's glandl.s 1573 line: temperature dependence of the elimination rate. J Ithntniu7lnol 1983: 131: 1411-5.","journal-title":"J Ithntniu7lnol"},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"1804","article-title":"from the plasma membriane of nucleated cclls: the ratc of disappearance differs for cells carrying C5b-7 or C5b-8 or a mixtuiC of C5b-8 with a limited number of C5b-9..1 nlmmujol 1985: 134","author":"Carney, D.F.; Koski, C.L.; of terminal complement intermediates, Shin M.L.Elimination","unstructured":"Carney DF, Koski CL, Shin ML. Elimination of terminal complement intermediates from the plasma membriane of nucleated cclls: the ratc of disappearance differs for cells carrying C5b-7 or C5b-8 or a mixtuiC of C5b-8 with a limited number of C5b-9..1 nlmmujol 1985: 134: 1804-9."}],"container-title":["Gut"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/gut.30.11.1568","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,6]],"date-time":"2025-12-06T08:37:02Z","timestamp":1765010222000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/gut.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/gut.30.11.1568"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1989,11]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1989,11,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1989,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/gut.30.11.1568"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/gut.30.11.1568","relation":{},"ISSN":["0017-5749","1468-3288"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0017-5749","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-3288","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1989,11]]}}}