{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T12:57:09Z","timestamp":1769518629547,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gut"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1989,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In a prospective study of 154 AIDS patients, 48 (31%) complained of pain on swallowing both liquids and solids and 32 (21%) of these also had dysphagia. While candidiasis was the most common cause of symptoms (26 patients), discrete ulceration of the oesophagus occurred in 12 instances in 10 patients (four cytomegalovirus, four herpes simplex virus, three aphthous ulcer, one peptic ulcer). One patient had a diffuse oesophagitis caused by Mycobacterium avium intracellulare. No cause was found for the oesophageal symptoms in four patients. Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) was found in seven patients associated with other pathology in four. All 26 patients with oesophageal candidiasis only, also had oral involvement. All the patients with herpes simplex virus (four) and aphthous ulcers (three) had obvious perioral involvement. Three of the four patients with cytomegalovirus ulceration had evidence of disease elsewhere (colon or retina). All patients with Kaposi's sarcoma lesions had skin and buccal cavity involvement. The cause of oesophageal disease was usually obvious at endoscopy. The appearance of candidiasis was typical and the various ulcerating lesions also had different macroscopic configurations. Cytomegalovirus infection produced deep linear ulcers in the distal oesophagus, herpes simplex oesophagitis is similar in appearance to the typical perioral lesions of fluid filled vesicles. Diagnostic radiology was not helpful in most patients. In nine of 17 patients with candidiasis, the barium swallow examination performed within 24 hours of presentation was normal. In only three of seven patients with oesophageal ulceration (three cytomegalovirus, two herpes simplex virus, one aphthous, one peptic) was there evidence of an abnormality. Treatment produces symptomatic relief. All patients with candidiasis responded to ketoconazole, the four with herpes simplex virus to acyclovir and one of three with aphthous ulceration had a dramatic response to thalidomide. The three patients with cytomegalovirus infection who were treated with foscarnet had a prolonged remission of symptoms. The overall prognosis of patients with oesophageal symptoms is poor, with an average survival time from a definitive diagnosis of five months (range one to 13).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.30.8.1033","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,18]],"date-time":"2007-09-18T17:41:31Z","timestamp":1190137291000},"page":"1033-1039","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":123,"title":["Oesophageal symptoms, their causes, treatment, and prognosis in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"G M","family":"Connolly","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D","family":"Hawkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J N","family":"Harcourt-Webster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P A","family":"Parsons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"O A","family":"Husain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B G","family":"Gazzard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1989,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","article-title":"Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome","year":"1982","unstructured":"Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome: United Kingdom: 1982-December 1987. CDR 88\/01. 8th January 1988.","journal-title":"CDR"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"99","article-title":"The Acqiried Imtnunodeficiencv Syndrome","volume":"1983","author":"JF, Gottleib M.S.Groopman; WM, Weinstein; R, Fahey J.L.Detels","unstructured":"Gottleib MS. Groopman JF, Weinstein WM, Fahey JL. Detels R. The Acqiried Imtnunodeficiencv Syndrome. Atnnt Inter-)n Med 1983: 99: 208-20.","journal-title":"Atnnt Inter-)n Med"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-97-4-539","article-title":"Mycobacterium Avium Intracellulare: a cause of disseminated lifethreatening infection in homosexuals and drug abusers","volume":"97","author":"GS, Grecn J.B.Sidhu; S, Lcwin","year":"1982","unstructured":"Grecn JB. Sidhu GS, Lcwin S, et al. Mycobacterium Avium Intracellulare: a cause of disseminated lifethreatening infection in homosexuals and drug abusers. 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Anni Intern Med 1982: 96: 693-7(0).","journal-title":"Anni Intern Med"},{"issue":"147","key":"ref_6","first-page":"9","article-title":"Pharyngeal Kaposi's sarcoma in paticnts with AIDS","volume":"1986","author":"SD, Emery C.D.Wall; MP, Federic; CD, Sooy","unstructured":"Emery CD. Wall SD, Federic MP, Sooy CD. Pharyngeal Kaposi's sarcoma in paticnts with AIDS. AJR 1986: 147: 9 19-22.","journal-title":"AJR"},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"63","article-title":"Anatomoclinical considerations on a casc of Kaposi's sarcoma","volume":"57","author":"Turchi, R.; Tuberti, Bacciu S.Jcmmi G.; E.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Turchi R, Bacciu S. Jcmmi G. Tuberti E. Anatomoclinical considerations on a casc of Kaposi's sarcoma. Acta Boimedl Ateneo Parm-1etnse 1986; 57: 63-9.","journal-title":"Acta Boimedl Ateneo Parm-1etnse"},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"\"234","article-title":"Revision of the CDC surveillance case definition for Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome. MMWR 1987: 36: IS. 10 CDC classification system for human T-lymphotropic virus type I II\/lymphadenopathy-associated virus infections","volume":"105","author":"IWhecicr, R.R.; Gruz, Peacock J.F.; J.M.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Revision of the CDC surveillance case definition for Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome. MMWR 1987: 36: IS. 10 CDC classification system for human T-lymphotropic virus type I II\/lymphadenopathy-associated virus infections. Ann Intern Med 1986; 105: 234-7. I IWhecicr RR, Peacock JF. Gruz JM, et al. Oesophagitis in the immunocompromised host: role of endoscopy in diagnosis. Ret' Infect Dis 1987: 9: 88-95.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med; Oesophagitis in the immunocompromised host: role of endoscopy in diagnosis. Ret"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(86)80031-2","article-title":"Oesophageal cryptosporidiosis in a child with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome","volume":"91","author":"KJ, Kazlow P.G.Shah K.Benkov; R, Dische; NS, Leleiko","year":"1986","unstructured":"Kazlow PG. Shah K. Benkov KJ, Dische R, Leleiko NS. Oesophageal cryptosporidiosis in a child with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome. Gastroenterology 1986; 91: 1301-3.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"1882","article-title":"Unusual oesophageal ulcers containing enveloped virus-like particles","volume-title":"homosexual men. Gastroenterology 1986; 90","author":"Rabeneck, L.; Boyko, W.J.; McClean, D.M.; McLeod, W.A.; Wong, K.K.","unstructured":"Rabeneck L, Boyko WJ, McClean DM, McLeod WA, Wong KK. Unusual oesophageal ulcers containing enveloped virus-like particles in homosexual men. 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Intravenous Acyclovir for the treatment of primary genital herpes. Ann Intern Med 1983; 98: 914-21.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"697","article-title":"Intravenous Acyclovir treatment for primary genital herpes","volume":"i:","author":"Mindel, A.; Sutherland, Adler N.W.; S, Fiddian; A.P.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Mindel A, Adler NW. Sutherland S, Fiddian AP. Intravenous Acyclovir treatment for primary genital herpes. Lancet 1982: i: 697-700.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_14","article-title":"Treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis with Trisodium Phosphonoformate (Foscarnet). Paper presented at III International Congress on AIDS","author":"Walmsley, S.L.; Chew, E.; Fanning, M.M.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Walmsley SL, Chew E, Fanning MM, et al. Treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis with Trisodium Phosphonoformate (Foscarnet). 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