{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T00:15:52Z","timestamp":1772756152870,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gut"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1990,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Bismuth subsalicylate was tested in an in vivo perfused rabbit model of oesophagitis for its ability to prevent the mucosal injury caused by pepsin. Treatment efficacy was assessed under both a treatment-before-injury protocol and a treatment-after-injury protocol. Oesophageal mucosal barrier function was evaluated by measuring flux rates of H+, K+, and glucose. The degree of oesophagitis was determined by gross and microscopic examination of the mucosa by several independent observers. Results showed that under both treatment protocols, bismuth subsalicylate significantly reduced the pepsin induced disruption of the mucosal barrier, as well as the morphologic changes. Bismuth subsalicylate when given after exposure to pepsin was also found to protect against the morphologic injury in a dose dependent manner. Experiments in vitro suggested that bismuth subsalicylate inhibits the proteolytic action of pepsin by interacting with pepsin, rather than with the pepsin substrate. We conclude that bismuth subsalicylate can protect the oesophageal mucosa against peptic injury, probably through inactivation of pepsin.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.31.1.11","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,18]],"date-time":"2007-09-18T17:41:31Z","timestamp":1190137291000},"page":"11-16","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Bismuth subsalicylate reduces peptic injury of the oesophagus in rabbits."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"H P","family":"Tay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R C","family":"Chaparala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J W","family":"Harmon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Huesken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N","family":"Saini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F Z","family":"Hakki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E J","family":"Schweitzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1990,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01307977","article-title":"Effect of acid and bile salts on the rabbit esophageal mucosa","volume":"26","author":"Harmon, J.W.; Johnson, L.F.; Maydonovitch, C.L.","year":"1981","unstructured":"Harmon JW, Johnson LF, Maydonovitch CL. Effect of acid and bile salts on the rabbit esophageal mucosa. Dig Dis Sci 1981; 26: 65-72.","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"621","article-title":"Alkaline esophagitis: a comparison of the ability of components of gastroduodenal contents to injure","volume-title":"the rabbit esophagus. Gastroenterology 1983; 85","author":"Lillemoe, K.D.; Johnson, L.F.; Harmon, J.W.","unstructured":"Lillemoe KD, Johnson LF, Harmon JW. Alkaline esophagitis: a comparison of the ability of components of gastroduodenal contents to injure the rabbit esophagus. Gastroenterology 1983; 85: 621-8."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"276","article-title":"Role of the components of the gastroduodenal contents in experimental acid esophagitis","volume":"92","author":"Lillemoe, K.D.; Johnson, L.F.; Harmon, J.W.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Lillemoe KD, Johnson LF, Harmon JW. Role of the components of the gastroduodenal contents in experimental acid esophagitis. Surgery 1982; 92: 276-84.","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01300265","article-title":"Bile acid accumulation by rabbit esophageal mucosa","volume":"31","author":"Schweitzer, E.J.; Bass, B.L.; Batzri, S.; Harmon, J.W.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Schweitzer EJ, Bass BL, Batzri S, Harmon JW. Bile acid accumulation by rabbit esophageal mucosa. Dig Dis Sci 1986;31: 1105-13.","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"172","article-title":"Lipid solubilization during bile salt-induced esophageal mucosal barrier disruption in the rabbit","volume":"110","author":"Schweitzer, E.J.; Bass, B.L.; Batzri, S.; Young, P.M.; Huesken, J.; Harmon, J.W.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Schweitzer EJ, Bass BL, Batzri S, Young PM, Huesken J, Harmon JW. Lipid solubilization during bile salt-induced esophageal mucosal barrier disruption in the rabbit. J Lab Clin Med 1987; 110: 172-9.","journal-title":"J Lab Clin Med"},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"611","article-title":"Sucralfate prevents experimental peptic","volume-title":"esophagitis in rabbits. Gastroenterology 1985; 88","author":"Schweitzer, E.J.; Bass, B.L.; Johnson, L.F.","unstructured":"Schweitzer EJ, Bass BL, Johnson LF. Sucralfate prevents experimental peptic esophagitis in rabbits. Gastroenterology 1985; 88:611-9."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(19)32456-4","article-title":"Protective effect of Pepto-Bismol Liquid on the gastric mucosa of rats","volume":"69","author":"Goldenberg, M.M.; Honkomp, L.J.; Burrous, S.E.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Goldenberg MM, Honkomp LJ, Burrous SE, et al. Protective effect of Pepto-Bismol Liquid on the gastric mucosa of rats. Gastroenterology 1975; 69: 636-40.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref_8","first-page":"22","article-title":"Effect of tripotassium citrato bismuthate (TDB) on the healing of experimental gastric ulcers in rats","volume":"51","author":"Wilson, T.R.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Wilson TR. Effect of tripotassium citrato bismuthate (TDB) on the healing of experimental gastric ulcers in rats. Postgrad MedJ7 1975; 51 (suppl 5): 22-5.","journal-title":"Postgrad MedJ7"},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"1379","article-title":"Effect of oral bismuth subsalicylate on campylobacter pyloridis and on duodenal ulcer","volume":"92","author":"Eberhardt, R.; Kasper, G.; Dettmer, A.; Hochter, W.; Hagena, D.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Eberhardt R, Kasper G, Dettmer A, Hochter W, Hagena D. Effect of oral bismuth subsalicylate on campylobacter pyloridis and on duodenal ulcer. Gastroenterology 1987; 92: 1379.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"1299","article-title":"Comparison of tripotassium dicitrato bismuthate tablets with ranitidine in healing and relapse of duodenal ulcers","volume":"i:","author":"Fl, Lee; IM, Samloff; M, Hardman","year":"1984","unstructured":"Lee Fl, Samloff IM, Hardman M. Comparison of tripotassium dicitrato bismuthate tablets with ranitidine in healing and relapse of duodenal ulcers. Lancet 1984; i: 1299-302.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"7","article-title":"Difference in relapse rates of duodenal ulcer after healing with cimetidine or tripotassium dicitrato bismuthate","volume":"i:","author":"Martin, D.F.; May, S.J.; Tweedle, D.E.F.; Hollanders, D.; Ravenscroft, M.M.; Miller, J.P.","year":"1981","unstructured":"Martin DF, May SJ, Tweedle DEF, Hollanders D, Ravenscroft MM, Miller JP. Difference in relapse rates of duodenal ulcer after healing with cimetidine or tripotassium dicitrato bismuthate. Lancet 1981; i: 7-10.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-5089(21)00624-6","article-title":"Sucralfate, bismuth compounds, substituted benzimidazoles, trimipramine and pirenzepine in the shortand long-term treatment of duodenal ulcer","volume":"13","author":"Tytgat, G.N.J.; Hameeteman, W.; Van Olffen, G.H.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Tytgat GNJ, Hameeteman W, Van Olffen GH. Sucralfate, bismuth compounds, substituted benzimidazoles, trimipramine and pirenzepine in the shortand long-term treatment of duodenal ulcer. 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J Pharm Pharmacol 1958; 10:123-31.","journal-title":"J Pharm Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"370","article-title":"The effect of bismuth carbonate and other antacids on the activity of pepsin","volume":"8","author":"Bateson, PR","year":"1954","unstructured":"Bateson PR. The effect of bismuth carbonate and other antacids on the activity of pepsin. Medicine 1954; 8: 370-4.","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"864","article-title":"Selective coating of gastric ulcer by tripotassium dicitratobismuthate","volume-title":"the rat. Gastroenterology","volume":"82","author":"Koo, J.; Ho, J.; Lam, S.K.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Koo J, Ho J, Lam SK. Selective coating of gastric ulcer by tripotassium dicitratobismuthate in the rat. Gastroenterology 1982;82:864-70."},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"84","article-title":"Interaction of tripotassium dicitrato bismuthate with macrophages in the rat","volume-title":"and in vitro. 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Scand J Gastroenterol 1982; 17 (suppl 80): 17-21.","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.27.5.486","article-title":"and mucus secretion in patients with gastric and duodenal ulcer before and after colloidal bismuth subcitrate (De-Nol)","volume":"27","author":"Baron, J.H.; Barr, J.; Batten, J.; Sidebotham, R.; Acid, Spencer J.; pepsin","year":"1986","unstructured":"Baron JH, Barr J, Batten J, Sidebotham R, Spencer J. Acid, pepsin, and mucus secretion in patients with gastric and duodenal ulcer before and after colloidal bismuth subcitrate (De-Nol). Gut 1986; 27: 486-90.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.27.5.475","article-title":"There is more to healing ulcers than suppressing acid","volume":"27","author":"Colin-Jones, D.G.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Colin-Jones DG. There is more to healing ulcers than suppressing acid. Gut 1986; 27: 475-80.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-197610000-00009","article-title":"Patterns of gastroesophageal reflux in health and disease","volume":"184","author":"DeMeester, T.R.; Johnson, L.F.; Guy, J.J.; Toscano, M.S.; Hall, A.W.; Skinner, D.B.","year":"1976","unstructured":"DeMeester TR, Johnson LF, Guy JJ, Toscano MS, Hall AW, Skinner DB. Patterns of gastroesophageal reflux in health and disease. Ann Surg 1976; 184: 459-70.","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.29.3.385","article-title":"Treatment of ulcerative reflux oesophagitis with colloidal bismuth subcitrate in combination with cimetidine","volume":"29","author":"Borkent, M.V.; Beker, J.A.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Borkent MV, Beker JA. Treatment of ulcerative reflux oesophagitis with colloidal bismuth subcitrate in combination with cimetidine. Gut 1988; 29: 385-9.","journal-title":"Gut"}],"container-title":["Gut"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/gut.31.1.11","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]],"date-time":"2025-12-13T17:21:24Z","timestamp":1765646484000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/gut.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/gut.31.1.11"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1990,1]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1990,1,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1990,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/gut.31.1.11"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/gut.31.1.11","relation":{},"ISSN":["0017-5749","1468-3288"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0017-5749","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-3288","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1990,1]]}}}