{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]],"date-time":"2025-12-13T12:33:35Z","timestamp":1765629215573,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gut"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1990,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Pruritus is a frequent symptom in chronic cholestatic liver disease. To date, no single causative mechanism has been identified. We examined venous plasma concentrations of the known pruritogen, histamine, using a highly sensitive radioenzymatic assay in 42 patients with chronic cholestatic liver disease, and in normal controls. The mean plasma histamine level was significantly greater in chronic cholestatic liver disease patients (275 (117) pg\/ml; X (SD) than in controls (140 (72) pg\/ml, n = 20) (p less than 0.0001). No significant differences were found between histamine concentrations in the two chronic cholestatic liver disease subgroups: primary biliary cirrhosis and sclerosing cholangitis. Histamine concentrations were significantly greater (p less than 0.01) in the pruritic (319 (132) pg\/ml) as compared with the non-pruritic (227 (75) pg\/ml) chronic cholestatic liver disease patients. The histaminase activity was equivalent in patients and controls. The finding of raised histamine concentrations in chronic cholestatic liver disease suggests in vivo mast cell activation and a potential role for its mediators in the pruritus characteristic of these disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.31.1.96","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,18]],"date-time":"2007-09-18T17:41:31Z","timestamp":1190137291000},"page":"96-99","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["Raised histamine concentrations in chronic cholestatic liver disease."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"S D","family":"Gittlen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E S","family":"Schulman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"W C","family":"Maddrey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1990,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(85)80141-4","article-title":"Comparison of the clinicopathologic features of primary sclerosing cholangitis and primary biliary cirrhosis","volume":"88","author":"Wiesner, R.H.; LaRusso, N.F.; Ludwig, J.; Dickson, E.R.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Wiesner RH, LaRusso NF, Ludwig J, Dickson ER. Comparison of the clinicopathologic features of primary sclerosing cholangitis and primary biliary cirrhosis. Gastroenterology 1985; 88:108-14.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1985.01660110063017","article-title":"Pruritus in hepatic cholestasis","volume":"121","author":"Garden, J.M.; Ostrow, D.J.; Roenigk, H.H.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Garden JM, Ostrow DJ, Roenigk HH. Pruritus in hepatic cholestasis. Arch Dernatol 1985; 121: 1415-20.","journal-title":"Arch Dernatol"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"1011","article-title":"Pruritus in cholestasis: no direct causative role for bile acid retention","volume":"70","year":"1981","unstructured":"Freedman MR, Holzbach RT, Ferguson DR. Pruritus in cholestasis: no direct causative role for bile acid retention. 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Measurement of histamine: a quality control study.JIAllergy Clin Immunol 1980; 66: 295-8."},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"3945","article-title":"Plasma concentrations of histamine measured by radioenzymatic assay: effects of histaminase incubations","volume":"69","author":"Atkins, P.C.; Valenzano, M.; Zweiman, B.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Atkins PC, Valenzano M, Zweiman B. Plasma concentrations of histamine measured by radioenzymatic assay: effects of histaminase incubations.JAllergy Clin Imunol 1982; 69: 3945.","journal-title":"JAllergy Clin Imunol"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198408093110605","article-title":"Increased plasma histamine concentrations after food challenges in children with atopic dermatitis","volume":"311","author":"Sampson, H.A.; Jolie, P.L.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Sampson HA, Jolie PL. Increased plasma histamine concentrations after food challenges in children with atopic dermatitis. NEnglJ Med 1984; 311: 372-6.","journal-title":"NEnglJ Med"},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"233","article-title":"Elevated histamine levels in uremia: effects of Ketotifen","volume":"31","author":"Goyal, S.; Gittlen, S.; Schulman, E.S.; Burke, J.F.; Besarab, A.; Francos, G.C.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Goyal S, Gittlen S, Schulman ES, Burke JF, Besarab A, Francos GC. Elevated histamine levels in uremia: effects of Ketotifen. Kidney Int 1987; 31: 233.","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.90.4.578","article-title":"The role of mast cell derived mediators in airway hyperresponsiveness","volume":"90","author":"Schulman, E.S.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Schulman ES. The role of mast cell derived mediators in airway hyperresponsiveness. Chest 1986; 90: 578-83.","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(19)31870-0","article-title":"Elevations in skin tissue levels of bile acids in human cholestasis: relation to serum level and to pruritus","volume":"73","author":"Ghent, C.N.; Bloomer, JR, Klatskin; G.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Ghent CN, Bloomer JR, Klatskin G. Elevations in skin tissue levels of bile acids in human cholestasis: relation to serum level and to pruritus. Gastroenterology 1977; 73: 1125-30.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"1005","article-title":"Pathogenesis of cholestasis: an initial hypothesis","volume":"5","author":"Little, J.M.; Cage, K.; Oelberg, D.G.; Lester, R.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Little JM, Cage K, Oelberg DG, Lester R. Pathogenesis of cholestasis: an initial hypothesis. Hepatology 1985; 5: 1005.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"219","article-title":"Plasma histamine levels in aspirin-sensitive urticaria","volume":"59","author":"Asad, S.I.; Murdoch, R.; Youlten, L.; Lessof, M.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Asad SI, Murdoch R, Youlten L, Lessof M. Plasma histamine levels in aspirin-sensitive urticaria. Ann Allergy 1987; 59: 219.","journal-title":"Ann Allergy"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2007","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(85)90323-5","article-title":"Change of hepatic histamine content during hepatic fibrosis","volume":"34","author":"Umezu, K.; Yuasa, S.; Sudoh, A.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Umezu K, Yuasa S, Sudoh A. Change of hepatic histamine content during hepatic fibrosis. 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GastroenterolJpn 1970; 13: 105-10.","journal-title":"GastroenterolJpn"},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"22","article-title":"Treatment of pruritus due to chronic obstructive liver disease","volume":"289","year":"1984","unstructured":"Duncan JS, Kennedy HJ, Trigor DR. Treatment of pruritus due to chronic obstructive liver disease. BrMedJ 1984; 289: 22.","journal-title":"BrMedJ"}],"container-title":["Gut"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/gut.31.1.96","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]],"date-time":"2025-12-13T12:30:39Z","timestamp":1765629039000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/gut.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/gut.31.1.96"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1990,1]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1990,1,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1990,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/gut.31.1.96"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/gut.31.1.96","relation":{},"ISSN":["0017-5749","1468-3288"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0017-5749"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1468-3288"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1990,1]]}}}