{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T17:30:30Z","timestamp":1773077430858,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gut"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1990,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The clinical, endoscopic, and radiological features of seven patients with an uncommon oesophageal injury characterised by long lacerations of the oesophageal mucosa with haematoma formation but without perforation are reported. The injuries were not related to forceful vomiting or any other definable cause but were similar to those previously described as intramural oesophageal rupture. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy undertaken to identify the cause of haematemesis in six patients proved safe and useful. When dysphagia and odynophagia occurred early in the clinical course to alert the clinician to possible oesophageal injury, radiological contrast studies were used to exclude perforation. One patient in this study had oesophageal cavernocapillary haemangiomatosis which may have caused intramural oesophageal bleeding and submucosal dissection but in the remainder the aetiology of intramural oesophageal rupture remains uncertain. Conservative management was successful in all patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.31.8.845","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,18]],"date-time":"2007-09-18T17:41:31Z","timestamp":1190137291000},"page":"845-849","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Spontaneous intramural rupture of the oesophagus."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"C","family":"Steadman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P","family":"Kerlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F","family":"Crimmins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Bell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D","family":"Robinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L","family":"Dorrington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A","family":"McIntyre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1990,8,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"ref_1","first-page":"536","article-title":"Intramural rupture of the oesophagus","volume":"1968","author":"Marks, I.N.; Keet, A.D.","unstructured":"Marks IN, Keet AD. Intramural rupture of the oesophagus. BrMedJ 1968; 3: 536-7.","journal-title":"BrMedJ"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.35.12.890","article-title":"Spontaneous intramural rupture and intramural haematoma of the oesophagus","volume":"35","author":"Kerr, W.F.","year":"1980","unstructured":"Kerr WF. Spontaneous intramural rupture and intramural haematoma of the oesophagus. Thorax 1980; 35: 890-7.","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"98","key":"ref_3","first-page":"1353","article-title":"Lesions of the cardiac orifice of the stomach produced by vomiting","volume":"1932","author":"Weiss, S.; Mallory, G.K.","unstructured":"Weiss S, Mallory GK. Lesions of the cardiac orifice of the stomach produced by vomiting. JAMA 1932; 98: 1353-5.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1981.01380180017004","article-title":"Spontaneous rupture of the oesophagus","volume":"116","year":"1981","unstructured":"Bradley SL, Pairolero PC, Payne S, Gracey DR. Spontaneous rupture of the oesophagus. Arch Surg 1981; 116: 755-8.","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"666","article-title":"Oesophageal laceration following remote trauma","volume":"30","author":"Williams, B.","year":"1957","unstructured":"Williams B. Oesophageal laceration following remote trauma. BrJ3Radiol 1957; 30: 666-8."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1032","DOI":"10.1017\/S002221510006477X","article-title":"Submucosal dissection of the oesophagus due to haemorrhage. A new radiographic finding","volume":"79","author":"Benjamin, B.; Hanks, T.J.","year":"1965","unstructured":"Benjamin B, Hanks TJ. Submucosal dissection of the oesophagus due to haemorrhage. A new radiographic finding. J Laryngol Otol 1965; 79: 1032-8.","journal-title":"J Laryngol Otol"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9610(67)90251-6","article-title":"The spectrum of emetogenic injury to the oesophagus and stomach","volume":"113","author":"Thompson, N.W.; Ernst, C.B.; Fry, W.J.","year":"1967","unstructured":"Thompson NW, Ernst CB, Fry WJ. The spectrum of emetogenic injury to the oesophagus and stomach. Am J Surg 1967; 113: 13-26.","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.25.3.294","article-title":"Spontaneous intramural oesophageal perforation","volume":"25","author":"Borrie, J.; Sheat, J.","year":"1970","unstructured":"Borrie J, Sheat J. Spontaneous intramural oesophageal perforation. Thorax 1970; 25: 294-300.","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(19)41921-1","article-title":"Spontaneous intramural oesophageal perforation","volume":"63","author":"Kelley, D.L.; Neugebauer, M.K.; Fosberg, R.G.","year":"1972","unstructured":"Kelley DL, Neugebauer MK, Fosberg RG. Spontaneous intramural oesophageal perforation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1972; 63: 504-8.","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"1019","article-title":"Oesophageal haematoma. Four new cases, a review and a proposed etiology","volume":"26","author":"Shay, S.S.; Berendson, R.A.; Johnson, L.F.","year":"1981","unstructured":"Shay SS, Berendson RA, Johnson LF. Oesophageal haematoma. Four new cases, a review and a proposed etiology. Dig Dis Sci 1981; 26: 1019-24.","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.38.5.394","article-title":"Spontaneous intramural haematoma of the oesophagus","volume":"38","author":"Biagi, G.; Capelli, G.; Propersi, L.; Grossi, A.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Biagi G, Capelli G, Propersi L, Grossi A. Spontaneous intramural haematoma of the oesophagus. Thorax 1983; 38: 394-5.","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"115","article-title":"Oesophageal haematoma associated with thrombocytopenia. Gastrointest Radiol","volume":"3","author":"Ashman, F.C.; Hill, M.C.; Saba, G.P.; Diaconis, J.N.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Ashman FC, Hill MC, Saba GP, Diaconis JN. Oesophageal haematoma associated with thrombocytopenia. Gastrointest Radiol 1978; 3: 115-8."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1977.03270350060027","article-title":"Intramural oesophageal haematoma in a haemophiliac","volume":"237","author":"Oldenburger, D.; Gundlach, W.J.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Oldenburger D, Gundlach WJ. Intramural oesophageal haematoma in a haemophiliac. JAMA 1977; 237: 800.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5107(78)73499-1","article-title":"Spontaneous intramural haematoma of the oesophagus","volume":"24","author":"Atefi, D.; Horney, J.T.; Eaton, S.B.; Shulman, M.; Whaley, W.; Galambos, J.T.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Atefi D, Horney JT, Eaton SB, Shulman M, Whaley W, Galambos JT. Spontaneous intramural haematoma of the oesophagus. Gastrointest Endosc 1978; 24: 172-4.","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1097\/00007611-197309000-00031","article-title":"Oesophageal haematoma","volume":"66","author":"Snyder, N.; Patterson, M.; Hughes, W.S.","year":"1973","unstructured":"Snyder N, Patterson M, Hughes WS. Oesophageal haematoma. South MedJ 1973; 66: 1079-80.","journal-title":"South MedJ"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1177\/028418517101100209","article-title":"Submucosal haematoma of the oesophagus due to anticoagulant therapy","volume":"11","author":"Andress, M.","year":"1971","unstructured":"Andress M. Submucosal haematoma of the oesophagus due to anticoagulant therapy. Acta Radiol Diagn 1971; 11: 216-9.","journal-title":"Acta Radiol Diagn"},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"176","article-title":"Intramural oesophageal haematoma complicating anticoagulant therapy","volume":"87","author":"Smart, R.F.; Stone, A.R.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Smart RF, Stone AR. Intramural oesophageal haematoma complicating anticoagulant therapy. NZ Med J 1978; 87: 176-7.","journal-title":"NZ Med J"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1148\/95.2.379","article-title":"Postemetic dissecting intramural haematoma of the oesophagus","volume":"95","author":"Joffe, N.; Millan, V.G.","year":"1970","unstructured":"Joffe N, Millan VG. Postemetic dissecting intramural haematoma of the oesophagus. Radiology 1970; 95: 379-80.","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"390","article-title":"Oesophageal apoplexy","volume":"i:","author":"Smith, G.; Gillanders, L.A.; Brunnen, P.L.; Teo, H.S.","year":"1974","unstructured":"Smith G, Gillanders LA, Brunnen PL, Teo HS. Oesophageal apoplexy. Lancet 1974; i: 390-2.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"234","article-title":"Spontaneous intramural oesophageal perforation. Aust Radiol","volume":"21","author":"McMyn, J.K.","year":"1977","unstructured":"McMyn JK. Spontaneous intramural oesophageal perforation. Aust Radiol 1977; 21: 234-40."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9610(76)90383-4","article-title":"Postemetic haematomas. A variant of the MalloryWeiss syndrome","volume":"132","author":"Watts, H.D.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Watts HD. Postemetic haematomas. A variant of the MalloryWeiss syndrome. AmJr Surg 1976; 132: 320-1.","journal-title":"AmJr Surg"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(19)42515-4","article-title":"Atraumatic so-called 'spontaneous' rupture of the oesophagus","volume":"59","author":"Abbott, O.A.; Mansour, K.A.; Logan, W.D.; Hatcher, C.R.; Symbas, P.N.","year":"1970","unstructured":"Abbott OA, Mansour KA, Logan WD, Hatcher CR, Symbas PN. Atraumatic so-called 'spontaneous' rupture of the oesophagus. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1970; 59: 67-83.","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"345","article-title":"Spontaneous rupture of the oesophagus. An experimental and clinical study","volume":"95","author":"Mackler, S.A.","year":"1952","unstructured":"Mackler SA. Spontaneous rupture of the oesophagus. An experimental and clinical study. Surg Gynececol Obstet 1952; 95: 345-56.","journal-title":"Surg Gynececol Obstet"},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"307","article-title":"Spontaneous perforation of the oesophagus","volume-title":"experimental study. Proc Soc Exp Biol 1955","volume":"88","author":"Brackney, E.L.; Campbell, G.S.; Thal, A.P.; Wangensteen, O.H.","unstructured":"Brackney EL, Campbell GS, Thal AP, Wangensteen OH. Spontaneous perforation of the oesophagus; experimental study. Proc Soc Exp Biol 1955; 88: 307-10."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1016\/S0096-5588(20)31842-0","article-title":"Spontaneous rupture of the oesophagus","volume":"17","author":"Kinsella, T.J.; Morse, R.W.; Hertzog, A.J.","year":"1948","unstructured":"Kinsella TJ, Morse RW, Hertzog AJ. Spontaneous rupture of the oesophagus. J Thorac Surg 1948; 17: 613-31.","journal-title":"J Thorac Surg"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1021665","article-title":"Spontaneous dissecting intramural haematoma of the oesophagus: a rare cause of haematemesis and dysphagia","volume":"13","author":"Spiller, R.C.; Catto, J.V.; Kane, S.P.","year":"1981","unstructured":"Spiller RC, Catto JV, Kane SP. Spontaneous dissecting intramural haematoma of the oesophagus: a rare cause of haematemesis and dysphagia. Endoscopy 1981; 13: 128-30.","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.35.12.898","article-title":"Spontaneous dissection of the oesophagus","volume":"35","year":"1980","unstructured":"Morritt GN, Walbaum PR. Spontaneous dissection of the oesophagus. Thorax 1980; 35: 898-900.","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"695","article-title":"Intramural rupture of the oesophagus","volume":"60","author":"Girdwood, A.H.; Silber, W.; Kottler, R.E.; Alexander, M.G.; Marks, I.N.","year":"1981","unstructured":"Girdwood AH, Silber W, Kottler RE, Alexander MG, Marks IN. Intramural rupture of the oesophagus. S Afr Med J 1981; 60:695-8.","journal-title":"S Afr Med J"},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"798","article-title":"Intramural haematoma of the oesophagus. The role of endoscopy","volume":"61","author":"L, Ou Tim; I, Segal; J, Mirwis","year":"1982","unstructured":"Ou Tim L, Segal I, Mirwis J. Intramural haematoma of the oesophagus. The role of endoscopy. S Afr Med J 1982; 61: 798-900.","journal-title":"S Afr Med J"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(75)80222-8","article-title":"Barium or gastrografin: which contrast media for diagnosis of oesophageal tears?","volume":"68","author":"James, A.E.; Montali, R.J.; Chaffee, V.; Strecker, E.P.; Vessal, K.","year":"1975","unstructured":"James AE, Montali RJ, Chaffee V, Strecker EP, Vessal K. Barium or gastrografin: which contrast media for diagnosis of oesophageal tears? Gastroenterology 1975; 68: 1103-13.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"93","key":"ref_31","first-page":"1329","article-title":"The roentgen aspects of intramural dissection of the oesophagus","volume":"1969","author":"Lowman, R.M.; Goldman, R.; Stern, H.","unstructured":"Lowman RM, Goldman R, Stern H. The roentgen aspects of intramural dissection of the oesophagus. Radiology 1969; 93: 1329-31.","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"ref_32","first-page":"133","article-title":"Spontaneous oesophageal haematoma diagnosed by computed tomography. J7 ComputAssist Tomogr","volume":"10","author":"Demos, T.C.; Okrent, D.H.; Studio, J.D.; Flisak, M.E.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Demos TC, Okrent DH, Studio JD, Flisak ME. Spontaneous oesophageal haematoma diagnosed by computed tomography.J7 ComputAssist Tomogr 1986; 10: 133-5."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1097\/00004836-198710000-00012","article-title":"Spontaneous intramural oesophageal haematoma. Diagnosis by C. T. scanning","volume":"9","author":"Schweiger, F.; Depew, W.T.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Schweiger F, Depew WT. Spontaneous intramural oesophageal haematoma. Diagnosis by C.T. scanning. J Clin Gastroenterol 1987; 9: 546-8.","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref_34","first-page":"165","article-title":"Conservative treatment of spontaneous intramural perforation (or intramural haematoma) of the oesophagus","volume":"74","author":"Barone, J.E.; Robilotti, J.G.; Comer, J.V.","year":"1980","unstructured":"Barone JE, Robilotti JG, Comer JV. Conservative treatment of spontaneous intramural perforation (or intramural haematoma) of the oesophagus. Am J Gastroenterol 1980; 74: 165-7.","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref_35","first-page":"958","article-title":"Intramural rupture and intramural haematoma of the oesophagus","volume-title":"BrJ7Surg","volume":"72","author":"Yeoh, N.T.; McNicholas, T.; Rothwell-Jackson, R.L.; Goldstraw, P.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Yeoh NT, McNicholas T, Rothwell-Jackson RL, Goldstraw P. Intramural rupture and intramural haematoma of the oesophagus. BrJ7Surg 1985; 72: 958-60."}],"container-title":["Gut"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/gut.31.8.845","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]],"date-time":"2025-12-13T21:13:02Z","timestamp":1765660382000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/gut.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/gut.31.8.845"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1990,8]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1990,8,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1990,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/gut.31.8.845"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/gut.31.8.845","relation":{},"ISSN":["0017-5749","1468-3288"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0017-5749","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-3288","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1990,8]]}}}