{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]],"date-time":"2025-12-13T22:09:17Z","timestamp":1765663757279,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gut"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1990,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Sn(tin4+)-protoporphyrin, a potent competitive inhibitor of haeme oxygenase, the rate limiting enzyme in the degradation of haeme to bile pigments, was given intravenously to six patients with primary biliary cirrhosis and to four patients with idiopathic haemochromatosis. Serum bilirubin concentrations decreased in all patients after administration of 1-2 mumol\/kg body weight of the metalloporphyrin, given in two doses eight to 24 hours apart. This reduction lasted approximately four to five days after injection of the compound. Excretion of endogenous haeme in bile increased (mean increase approximately two to threefold) in parallel with the decrease in serum bilirubin concentrations in both patient groups, and the highest biliary haeme concentrations were found during the first 48 hours after treatment. Sn-protoporphyrin was cleared rapidly from plasma with a half-life of 3.4 hours. Biliary bilirubin concentrations decreased (mean decrease, 49%) in the haemochromatosis patients after Sn-protoporphyrin administration. No decrease in biliary bilirubin concentrations could be detected in the primary biliary cirrhosis patients under the same conditions. Thus, Sn-protoporphyrin treatment resulted in a decrease in serum bilirubin concentrations and an increase in biliary haeme excretion in patients with haemochromatosis and primary biliary cirrhosis, as has previously been shown in normal subjects. The results indicate that the synthetic haeme analogue inhibits haeme oxidation activity in the two patient groups studied, as it does in normal people and in experimental animals. The lack of effect of Sn-protoporphyrin on biliary bilirubin excretion in primary biliary cirrhosis may be related to a differently affected hepatic clearance system or to a different distribution of tissue bilirubin pools in this condition.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.31.8.899","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,18]],"date-time":"2007-09-18T17:41:31Z","timestamp":1190137291000},"page":"899-904","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Studies with the haeme oxygenase inhibitor Sn-protoporphyrin in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis and idiopathic haemochromatosis."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"L","family":"Berglund","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B","family":"Angelin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Hultcrantz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K","family":"Einarsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L","family":"Emtestam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G","family":"Drummond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Kappas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1990,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6466","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.78.10.6466","article-title":"Prevention of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia by tin protoporphyrin IX, a potent competitive inhibitor of heme oxidation","volume":"78","author":"Drummond, G.S.; Kappas, A.","year":"1981","unstructured":"Drummond GS, Kappas A. Prevention of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia by tin protoporphyrin IX, a potent competitive inhibitor of heme oxidation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1981; 78: 6466-70.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1250","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6896768","article-title":"Chemoprevention of neonatal jaundice: potency of tin-protoporphyrin in an animal model","volume":"217","author":"Drummond, G.S.; Kappas, A.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Drummond GS, Kappas A. Chemoprevention of neonatal jaundice: potency of tin-protoporphyrin in an animal model. Science 1982; 217: 1250-2.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"187883","article-title":"Suppression of hyperbilirubinemia in the rat neonate by chromium-protoporphyrin: Interaction of metalloporphyrin with microsomal heme oxygenase of human spleen","volume":"156","author":"Drummond, G.S.; Kappas, A.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Drummond GS, Kappas A. 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Blood 1983; 61: 1011-3.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI111394","article-title":"An experimental model of postnatal jaundice in the suckling rat: Suppression of induced hyperbilirubinemia by Sn-protoporphyrin","volume":"74","author":"Drummond, G.S.; Kappas, A.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Drummond GS, Kappas A. An experimental model of postnatal jaundice in the suckling rat: Suppression of induced hyperbilirubinemia by Sn-protoporphyrin. J Clin Invest 1984; 74: 142-9.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI112309","article-title":"Control of heme metabolism with synthetic metalloporphyrins","volume":"77","author":"Kappas, A.; Drummond, G.S.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Kappas A, Drummond GS. Control of heme metabolism with synthetic metalloporphyrins. 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Sn-protoporphyrin use in the management of hyperbilirubinemia in term newborns with direct Coombs-positive ABO incompatibility","volume":"81","author":"Kappas, A.; Drummond, G.S.; Manola, T.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Kappas A, Drummond GS, Manola T, Petmezaki 5, Valaes T. Sn-protoporphyrin use in the management of hyperbilirubinemia in term newborns with direct Coombs-positive ABO incompatibility. Pediatrics 1988; 81: 485-97.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.1986.88","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of Sn-protoporphyrin and suppression of hyperbilirubinemia in humans","volume":"39","author":"Anderson, K.E.; Simionatto, C.S.; Drummond, G.S.; Kappas, A.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Anderson KE, Simionatto CS, Drummond GS, Kappas A. Pharmacokinetics of Sn-protoporphyrin and suppression of hyperbilirubinemia in humans. 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Lab Clin Med 1976; 88: 725-31.","journal-title":"Lab Clin Med"}],"container-title":["Gut"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/gut.31.8.899","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]],"date-time":"2025-12-13T22:05:01Z","timestamp":1765663501000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/gut.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/gut.31.8.899"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1990,8]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1990,8,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1990,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/gut.31.8.899"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/gut.31.8.899","relation":{},"ISSN":["0017-5749","1468-3288"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0017-5749"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1468-3288"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1990,8]]}}}