{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,7]],"date-time":"2026-11-07T11:02:59Z","timestamp":1794049379182,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gut"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1990,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Differences in the release and content of acetylcholine and the alpha 2 adrenoceptor mediated interaction between noradrenergic and cholinergic neurons were investigated by neurochemical and pharmacological methods in aganglionic and ganglionic segments of isolated human colon taken from children suffering from Hirschsprung's disease. Both at rest and during transmural stimulation the release of acetylcholine was significantly higher in the spastic (aganglionic) segment than in the proximal dilated bowel. Significant differences were found in the tissue concentration of acetylcholine between ganglionic and aganglionic specimens. The pattern of response to transmural stimulation was also different in the spastic and dilated bowel. Transmural stimulation induced relaxation and contraction in ganglionic specimens but only contractions in aganglionic specimens. The sensitivity of the smooth muscle in the aganglionic portion to exogenous acetylcholine and to field stimulation was found to be higher than in the ganglionic portion. While noradrenaline added to the organ bath reduced the stimulation-evoked release of acetylcholine from spastic segments, via an alpha 2 adrenoceptor mediated process, yohimbine did not enhance the release. It is suggested that in Hirschsprung's disease the increased acetylcholine release, the enhanced sensitivity of smooth muscle cells to acetylcholine, and the lack of alpha 2 adrenoceptor mediated noradrenergic modulation of acetylcholine release from cholinergic interneurons might be responsible for the spasm of aganglionic segments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.31.9.1046","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,18]],"date-time":"2007-09-18T17:41:31Z","timestamp":1190137291000},"page":"1046-1050","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Characteristics of cholinergic neuroeffector transmission of ganglionic and aganglionic colon in Hirschsprung's disease."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"E S","family":"Vizi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Zs\u00e9li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E","family":"Kontor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E","family":"Feher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T","family":"Vereb\u00e9lyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1990,9,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"27","key":"ref_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Stuchltragkeit Neugeborener in Folge von Dilatation und Hypertrophie des Colons","volume":"1887","author":"Hirschsprung, H.","unstructured":"Hirschsprung H. Stuchltragkeit Neugeborener in Folge von Dilatation und Hypertrophie des Colons. Jahre Kinderh 1887; 27: 1-21.","journal-title":"Jahre Kinderh"},{"key":"ref_2","article-title":"Megacolon in the newborn. A clinical and roentgenological study with special regard to the pathogenesis","volume":"112","author":"Ehrenpreis, T.","year":"1946","unstructured":"Ehrenpreis T. Megacolon in the newborn. A clinical and roentgenological study with special regard to the pathogenesis. Acta Chir Scand 1946; Suppl 112.","journal-title":"Acta Chir Scand"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"212","article-title":"Resection of rectum and rectosigmoid with preservation of the sphincter for benign spastic lesions producing megacolon: an experimental study","volume":"24","author":"Swenson 0, Bill AM","year":"1948","unstructured":"Swenson 0, Bill AM. Resection of rectum and rectosigmoid with preservation of the sphincter for benign spastic lesions producing megacolon: an experimental study. Surgery 1948; 24: 212-21.","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1948.00220250085005","article-title":"Myenteric plexus in congenital megacolon","volume":"82","author":"Whitehouse, F.R.; Kernohan, J.W.","year":"1948","unstructured":"Whitehouse FR, Kernohan JW. Myenteric plexus in congenital megacolon. Arch Intern Med 1948; 82: 75-85.","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(53)80003-X","article-title":"Congenital megacolon. A comparison of the spastic and hypertrophied segments with respect to cholinesterase activities and sensitivities to acetylcholine. DFP and the barium ion","volume":"24","author":"Kamijo, K.; Hiatt, R.B.; Koelle, G.B.","year":"1953","unstructured":"Kamijo K, Hiatt RB, Koelle GB, Congenital megacolon. A comparison of the spastic and hypertrophied segments with respect to cholinesterase activities and sensitivities to acetylcholine. DFP and the barium ion. Gastroenterology 1953; 24: 173-85.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"82","key":"ref_6","first-page":"363","article-title":"Cholinesterase and monoamine oxidase in congenital megacolon","volume":"1961","author":"Niemi, M.; Konvalainen, K.; Hjelt, L.","unstructured":"Niemi M, Konvalainen K, Hjelt L. Cholinesterase and monoamine oxidase in congenital megacolon. J Path Bact 1961; 82: 363-8.","journal-title":"J Path Bact"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3468(80)80402-7","article-title":"A quantitative study of acetylcholine in Hirschsprung's disease","volume":"15","author":"Ikawa, H.; Yokoyana, J.; Morikawa, Y.; Hayashi, A.; Katsumatz, K.","year":"1980","unstructured":"Ikawa H, Yokoyana J, Morikawa Y, Hayashi A, Katsumatz K. A quantitative study of acetylcholine in Hirschsprung's disease. J Pediatr Surg 1980; 15: 48-52.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"487","article-title":"Adrenergic myenteric nerves in Hirschsprung's disease","volume":"i:","author":"Bennett, A.; Garrett, JR, Howard; E.R.","year":"1968","unstructured":"Bennett A, Garrett JR, Howard ER. Adrenergic myenteric nerves in Hirschsprung's disease. BrMedJ 1968; i: 487.","journal-title":"BrMedJ"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3468(73)80084-3","article-title":"Adrenergic hyperactivity of the aganglionic colon","volume":"8","author":"Toulonkien, R.J.; Aghajanian, G.; Roth, R.H.","year":"1973","unstructured":"Toulonkien RJ, Aghajanian G, Roth RH. Adrenergic hyperactivity of the aganglionic colon. J Pediatr Surg 1973; 8: 191-206.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"issue":"35","key":"ref_10","first-page":"10","article-title":"The inhibitory action of noradrenaline and adrenaline on acetylcholine output by guinea-pig ileum longitudinal muscle strip","volume":"1969","author":"Paton, W.D.M.; Vizi, E.S.","unstructured":"Paton WDM, Vizi ES. The inhibitory action of noradrenaline and adrenaline on acetylcholine output by guinea-pig ileum longitudinal muscle strip. BrJ Pharmacol 1969; 35: 10-28.","journal-title":"BrJ Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-7158.1971.tb09893.x","article-title":"The effects of sympathetic nerve stimulation and quanethidine on parasympathetic neuroeffector transmission, the inhibition of transmitter release","volume":"23","author":"Vizi, E.S.; Knoll, J.","year":"1971","unstructured":"Vizi ES, Knoll J. The effects of sympathetic nerve stimulation and quanethidine on parasympathetic neuroeffector transmission, the inhibition of transmitter release. J Pharm Pharmacol 1971; 23: 918-25.","journal-title":"J Pharm Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"181","article-title":"Presynaptic modulation of neurochemical transmission","volume":"12","author":"Vizi, E.S.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Vizi ES. Presynaptic modulation of neurochemical transmission. ProgNeurobiol 1979; 12: 181-290.","journal-title":"ProgNeurobiol"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(70)90323-7","article-title":"Action of catecholamines on release of acetylcholine from human taenia coli","volume":"9","author":"M, Del Tacca; G, Soldani; M, Selli; A, Crema","year":"1970","unstructured":"Del Tacca M, Soldani G, Selli M, Crema A. Action of catecholamines on release of acetylcholine from human taenia coli. EurJ Pharmacol 1970; 9: 80-4.","journal-title":"EurJ Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref_14","article-title":"Hirschsprung's disease","author":"Ehrenpreis, T.","year":"1970","unstructured":"Ehrenpreis T. Hirschsprung's disease. Chicago: Year Book Medical Publishers, 1970."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4886(81)90051-0","article-title":"Release of acetylcholine from isolated human cortical slices: inhibitory effect of norepinephrine and phenytoin","volume":"73","author":"Vizi, E.S.; Pasztor, E.","year":"1981","unstructured":"Vizi ES, Pasztor E. Release of acetylcholine from isolated human cortical slices: inhibitory effect of norepinephrine and phenytoin. Exp Neurol 1981; 73: 144-53.","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(83)90234-8","article-title":"Evidence that transmitter can be released from regions of the nerve cell other than presynaptic axon terminal: axonal release of acetylcholine without modulation","volume":"10","author":"Vizi, E.S.; Gyires, K.; Somogyi, G.T.; Ungvari, G.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Vizi ES, Gyires K, Somogyi GT, Ungvari G. Evidence that transmitter can be released from regions of the nerve cell other than presynaptic axon terminal: axonal release of acetylcholine without modulation. Neuroscience 1983; 10: 967-72.","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"666","article-title":"A study of human colonic muscle in vitro","volume":"ii:","author":"Fischlock, D.J.; Parks, A.G.","year":"1963","unstructured":"Fischlock DJ, Parks AG. A study of human colonic muscle in vitro. BrMedJ7 1963; ii: 666.","journal-title":"BrMedJ7"},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"79","article-title":"The action of nicotine on the circular muscle of the human ileum and colon in vitro","volume":"26","author":"Fischlock, D.J.; Parks, A.G.","year":"1966","unstructured":"Fischlock DJ, Parks AG. The action of nicotine on the circular muscle of the human ileum and colon in vitro. Br J Pharmacol 1966; 26: 79.","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.1969.tb08298.x","article-title":"The effect of catecholamines and sympathetic stimulation on the release of acetylcholine from guinea-pig colon","volume":"36","author":"Beani, L.; Bianchi, C.; Crema, A.","year":"1969","unstructured":"Beani L, Bianchi C, Crema A. The effect of catecholamines and sympathetic stimulation on the release of acetylcholine from guinea-pig colon. BrJ Pharmacol 1969; 36: 1-17. 20-Bodian M, Stephens FD, Ward GCH. Hirschsprung's disease and idiopathic megacolon. Lancet 1949; i: 6.","journal-title":"BrJ Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.14.1.35","article-title":"Some observations on the intrinsic nervous mechanism in Hirschsprung's disease","volume":"14","author":"Frigo, G.M.; Del Tacca, M.; Lecchini, S.; Crema, A.","year":"1973","unstructured":"Frigo GM, Del Tacca M, Lecchini S, Crema A. Some observations on the intrinsic nervous mechanism in Hirschsprung's disease. Gut 1973; 14: 35-40.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(65)92562-6","article-title":"Response to drugs of isolated human colonic muscle from a case of Hirschsprung's disease","volume":"ii:","author":"Wright, P.G.; Shephard, J.J.","year":"1965","unstructured":"Wright PG, Shephard JJ. Response to drugs of isolated human colonic muscle from a case of Hirschsprung's disease. Lancet 1965; ii: 1161-4.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1387","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(75)90157-5","article-title":"Pharmacological characteristics of the ganglionic and aganglionic colon in Hirschsprung's disease","volume":"17","author":"Penninckx, F.; Kerremans, R.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Penninckx F, Kerremans R. Pharmacological characteristics of the ganglionic and aganglionic colon in Hirschsprung's disease. Life Sci 1977; 17: 1387-94.","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"ref_23","article-title":"Non-synaptic interaction between neurons: modulation of neurochemical transmission","author":"Vizi, E.S.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Vizi ES. Non-synaptic interaction between neurons: modulation of neurochemical transmission. Chichester: John Wiley 1984."},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"61","article-title":"Interaction between adrenergic and cholinergic systems: presynaptic inhibitory effect of noradrenaline on acetylcholine release","volume":"11","author":"Vizi, E.S.","year":"1974","unstructured":"Vizi ES. Interaction between adrenergic and cholinergic systems: presynaptic inhibitory effect of noradrenaline on acetylcholine release. J Neural Transm 1974; 11: 61-78.","journal-title":"J Neural Transm"},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"2","article-title":"The adrenergic innervation of the gastrointestinal tract","volume":"69","author":"Furness, J.B.; Costa, M.","year":"1974","unstructured":"Furness JB, Costa M. The adrenergic innervation of the gastrointestinal tract. Ergeb Physiol 1974; 69: 2-51.","journal-title":"Ergeb Physiol"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3468(80)80402-7","article-title":"A quantitative study of acetylcholine in Hirschsprung's disease","volume":"15","author":"Ikawa, H.; Yokohama, J.; Morikawa, Y.; Hayashi, A.; Katsumata, K.","year":"1980","unstructured":"Ikawa H, Yokohama J, Morikawa Y, Hayashi A, Katsumata K. A quantitative study of acetylcholine in Hirschsprung's disease. J Pediatr Surg 1980; 15: 48-52.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref_27","first-page":"338","article-title":"Adrenergic innervation of bowel in Hirschsprung's disease","volume":"1969","author":"Gannon, B.J.; Noblett, H.R.; Burnstock, G.","unstructured":"Gannon BJ, Noblett HR, Burnstock G. Adrenergic innervation of bowel in Hirschsprung's disease. Br MedJ7 1969; 3: 338-48.","journal-title":"Br MedJ7"},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"593","article-title":"Sympathetic neurotransmitter metabolism in Hirschsprung's disease","volume":"10","author":"Touloukian, R.J.; Morgewoth, V.H.; Roth, R.H.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Touloukian RJ, Morgewoth VH, Roth RH. Sympathetic neurotransmitter metabolism in Hirschsprung's disease. J PediatrSurg 1975; 10: 593-7.","journal-title":"J PediatrSurg"}],"container-title":["Gut"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/gut.31.9.1046","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,7]],"date-time":"2025-09-07T20:01:51Z","timestamp":1757275311000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/gut.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/gut.31.9.1046"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1990,9]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1990,9,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1990,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/gut.31.9.1046"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/gut.31.9.1046","relation":{},"ISSN":["0017-5749","1468-3288"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0017-5749","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-3288","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1990,9]]}}}