{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]],"date-time":"2025-12-13T09:16:47Z","timestamp":1765617407721,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gut"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1991,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We studied eight patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease to compare the frequency and mechanism of reflux in the upright and supine positions. Simultaneous oesophageal manometry and pH studies were performed on two separate days in each subject in the fasting and postprandial periods. The frequency of reflux tended to be higher in the upright position. The most prevalent mechanism of reflux in either position was transient relaxation of the lower oesophageal sphincter. The frequency of transient lower oesophageal sphincter relaxation was higher in the upright than in the supine position. There was no difference in the total reflux time, acid clearance time, and number of reflux episodes lasting longer than five minutes in the two positions. We suggest that daytime reflux (upright) may be as important as night time (supine) reflux in the pathogenesis of reflux oesophagitis and needs to be considered when treating patients with reflux disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.32.2.133","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,18]],"date-time":"2007-09-18T17:41:31Z","timestamp":1190137291000},"page":"133-136","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Does body posture affect the incidence and mechanism of gastro-oesophageal reflux?"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"N","family":"Freidin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R K","family":"Mittal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R W","family":"McCallum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1991,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"673","article-title":"Evaluation of elevation of the head of the bed, bethanechol and antacid foam tablets on gastroesophageal reflux","volume":"6","author":"Johnson, L.F.; DeMeester, T.R.","year":"1981","unstructured":"Johnson LF, DeMeester TR. Evaluation of elevation of the head of the bed, bethanechol and antacid foam tablets on gastroesophageal reflux. DigDisSci 1981; 6: 673-80.","journal-title":"DigDisSci"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.28.5.519","article-title":"Daytime gastroesophageal reflux is important in esophagitis","volume":"28","author":"DeCaestecker, J.S.; Blackwell, J.N.; Pryde, A.; Herdin, R.C.","year":"1987","unstructured":"DeCaestecker JS, Blackwell JN, Pryde A, Herdin RC. Daytime gastroesophageal reflux is important in esophagitis. Gut 1987; 28: 519-26.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI109667","article-title":"Mechanism of gastroesophageal reflux in recumbent asymptomatic human subjects","volume":"65","author":"Dent, J.; Dodds, W.J.; Friedman, R.H.; Sekziguchi, T.; Hogan, W.J.; Arndorfer, R.C.","year":"1980","unstructured":"Dent J, Dodds WJ, Friedman RH, Sekziguchi T, Hogan WJ, Arndorfer RC. Mechanism of gastroesophageal reflux in recumbent asymptomatic human subjects. J Clin Invest 1980; 65: 256-7.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198212163072503","article-title":"Mechanism of gastroesophageal reflux in patients with reflux esophagitis","volume":"307","author":"Dodds, W.J.; Dent, J.; Hogan, W.J.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Dodds WJ, Dent J, Hogan WJ, et al. Mechanism of gastroesophageal reflux in patients with reflux esophagitis. N Engl J Med 1982; 307: 1547-51.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(88)80003-9","article-title":"Characteristics and frequency of transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxation in patients with reflux esophagitis","volume":"95","author":"Mittal, R.K.; McCallum, R.W.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Mittal RK, McCallum RW. Characteristics and frequency of transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxation in patients with reflux esophagitis. Gastroenterology 1988; 95: 593-9.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"636","article-title":"Characteristics of transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxation in humans","volume":"252","author":"Mittal, R.K.; McCallum, R.W.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Mittal RK, McCallum RW. Characteristics of transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxation in humans. Am J Physiol 1987; 252: G636-G4.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"ref_7","article-title":"Postural suppression of transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxation is not mediated by gastric fluid receptor","volume-title":"the dog. Gastroenterology 1987; 92: 1357","author":"Cox, M.R.; Martin, C.J.; Dent, J.","unstructured":"Cox MR, Martin CJ, Dent J. Postural suppression of transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxation is not mediated by gastric fluid receptor in the dog. Gastroenterology 1987; 92: 1357."},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"285","article-title":"The effect of sham fundoplication on transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxation","volume":"94","author":"Martin, C.J.; Franzi, S.J.; Dent, J.; Cox, M.R.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Martin CJ, Franzi SJ, Dent J, Cox MR. The effect of sham fundoplication on transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxation. Gastroenterology 1988; 94: A285.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(85)90572-4","article-title":"Gastric distention: a mechanism for postprandial gastroesophageal reflux","volume":"89","author":"Holloway, R.H.; Hongo, M.; Berger, K.; McCallum, R.W.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Holloway RH, Hongo M, Berger K, McCallum RW. Gastric distention: a mechanism for postprandial gastroesophageal reflux. Gastroenterology 1985; 89: 779-84.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"865","article-title":"Localization of a trigger for transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxations","volume-title":"(TLESRs) in the day. [Abstract] Gastroenterology 1988; 95","author":"Franzi, S.J.; Martin, C.J.; Dent, J.; Cox, M.R.","unstructured":"Franzi SJ, Martin CJ, Dent J, Cox MR. Localization of a trigger for transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxations (TLESRs) in the day. [Abstract] Gastroenterology 1988; 95: 865."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01798350","article-title":"Sleeping on a wedge diminishes exposure of the esophagus to refluxed acid","volume":"33","author":"Hamilton, J.W.; Boisen, R.J.; Yamamoto, D.T.; Wagner, J.L.; Reichelderfer, M.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Hamilton JW, Boisen RJ, Yamamoto DT, Wagner JL, Reichelderfer M. Sleeping on a wedge diminishes exposure of the esophagus to refluxed acid. Dig Dis Sci 1988; 33: 518-22.","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"article-title":"Pattern of sleep and nocturnal acid reflux in normal subjects and gastroesophageal reflux patients","author":"Freidin, N.; Fisher, M.J.; Taylor, W.; Boyd, D.; McCallum, R.W.; Mittal, R.K.","key":"ref_12","unstructured":"Freidin N, Fisher MJ, Taylor W, Boyd D, McCallum RW, Mittal RK. Pattern of sleep and nocturnal acid reflux in normal subjects and gastroesophageal reflux patients. Gastroenterology (in press)."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.26.6.689","article-title":"Effect of posture in hiatus hernia as studied by oesophageal pH measurement","volume":"26","author":"Habibulla, K.S.; Ammann, J.F.; Callis, J.L.","year":"1971","unstructured":"Habibulla KS, Ammann JF, Callis JL. Effect of posture in hiatus hernia as studied by oesophageal pH measurement. 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