{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T13:47:25Z","timestamp":1775742445137,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gut"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1991,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>An intensive histological search for Helicobacter pylori in gastric biopsy specimens has led to the detection of other spiral shaped bacteria in the human gastric mucosa. The clinical and morphological findings of 39 cases (0.25% of all gastric biopsies performed in the observation period) are reported for 34 patients (87.2%) complaining of upper abdominal discomfort. Five patients (12.8%) had chronic gastritis and 34 (87.2%) chronic active gastritis. The organisms were seen by light microscopy deep in the gastric foveolae and intracellularly. The scanning and transmission electron microscopic findings show bacteria which invade and damage gastric mucosal cells. These organisms are similar to the spiral shaped bacteria found in the stomachs of cats and dogs and non-human primates. In eight patients organisms were not detected after four weeks of treatment with bismuth salts. The disappearance of the organisms coincided with resolution of the chronic active gastritis and the symptoms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.32.2.137","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,18]],"date-time":"2007-09-18T17:41:31Z","timestamp":1190137291000},"page":"137-140","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":228,"title":["Gastritis due to spiral shaped bacteria other than Helicobacter pylori: clinical, histological, and ultrastructural findings."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"K L","family":"Heilmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F","family":"Borchard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1991,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"96","article-title":"Spiral organisms in the gastric antrum","volume":"ii:","author":"Dent, J.C.; McNulty, C.A.M.; Uff, J.S.; Wilkinson, S.P.; Gear, M.W.L.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Dent JC, McNulty CAM, Uff JS, Wilkinson SP, Gear MWL. Spiral organisms in the gastric antrum. Lancet 1987; ii: 96.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.42.6.585","article-title":"New spiral bacterium in gastric mucosa","volume":"42","author":"McNulty, C.A.M.; Dent, J.C.; Curry, A.","year":"1989","unstructured":"McNulty CAM, Dent JC, Curry A, et al. New spiral bacterium in gastric mucosa. J Clin Pathol 1989; 42: 585-91.","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"1298","article-title":"Spirochateniihnliche Organismen in der menschlichen Magenschleimhaut","volume":"113","author":"Heilmann, K.L.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Heilmann KL. Spirochateniihnliche Organismen in der menschlichen Magenschleimhaut. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 1988; 113: 1298-9.","journal-title":"Dtsch Med Wochenschr"},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"108","article-title":"Gastritis in a human due to infection with an organism resembling the cat","volume-title":"gastric spirillum [Abstract]. Gastroenterology 1988; 94","author":"Dye, K.R.; Marshall, B.J.; Frierson, H.F.; Guerrant, R.L.; McCallum, R.W.","unstructured":"Dye KR, Marshall BJ, Frierson HF, Guerrant RL, McCallum RW. Gastritis in a human due to infection with an organism resembling the cat gastric spirillum [Abstract]. Gastroenterology 1988; 94: A108."},{"key":"ref_5","article-title":"Tightly spiral shaped bacteria in the human gastric antrum are they urease positive? First Meeting of the European Campylobacter pylori Study Group","author":"Morris, A.; Thomsen, Rafiq A.M.; L, Vanderwel; M, Hollis; B.","unstructured":"Morris A, Rafiq AM. Thomsen L, Vanderwel M, Hollis B. Tightly spiral shaped bacteria in the human gastric antrum are they urease positive? 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J Infect Dis 1986; 153: 658-63.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"42","key":"ref_9","first-page":"82","article-title":"Uber die schlauchformigen Drusen des MagenDarm-Kanals und die Beziehungen ihres Epithels zu dem Oberflachenepithel der Schleimhaut","volume":"1893","author":"Bizzozero, G.","unstructured":"Bizzozero G. Uber die schlauchformigen Drusen des MagenDarm-Kanals und die Beziehungen ihres Epithels zu dem Oberflachenepithel der Schleimhaut. Arch Mikr Anat 1893; 42:82.","journal-title":"Arch Mikr Anat"},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"677","article-title":"Some observations concerning the presence of spirilla in the fundic glands of dogs and cats","volume":"18","year":"1958","unstructured":"Weber AF, Hase 0, Sautter JH. Some observations concerning the presence of spirilla in the fundic glands of dogs and cats. 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Campylobacter pylori in health and disease: an ecological perspective. Microbiol Ecol Health Dis 1988; 1: 1-16.","journal-title":"Microbiol Ecol Health Dis"},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"2843","article-title":"Isolation of a spiral shaped bacterium from the cat stomach","volume":"56","author":"Lee, A.; Hazell, S.L.; O'Rourke, J.; Kouprach, S.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Lee A, Hazell SL, O'Rourke J, Kouprach S. Isolation of a spiral shaped bacterium from the cat stomach. Am Soc Microbiol 1988; 56: 2843-50.","journal-title":"Am Soc Microbiol"},{"issue":"18","key":"ref_15","first-page":"27","article-title":"Gastritis caused by Gastrospirillum hominis","volume":"67","author":"Heilmann, K.L.; Borchard, F.; Nowottny, U.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Heilmann KL, Borchard F, Nowottny U. Gastritis caused by Gastrospirillum hominis. 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