{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]],"date-time":"2025-12-13T14:50:46Z","timestamp":1765637446061,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gut"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1991,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>HLA-DR, DQ, and DP restriction fragment genotyping was undertaken in 23 dermatitis herpetiformis patients and 53 healthy control subjects. HLA-DQw2 was present in 100% of patients with dermatitis herpetiformis (23 of 23) versus 40% of control subjects (21 of 53). Significant secondary associations occurred with HLA-DR3 (91% of patients versus 28% of control subjects) and DPw1 (39% of patients versus 11% of control subjects). Dermatitis herpetiformis and coeliac disease thus share an identical HLA class II association. It is likely that HLA class II genes directly influence the immune responses leading to mucosal damage in both diseases. The strongest candidate for disease susceptibility to dermatitis herpetiformis is DQw2. The HLA molecule most likely to be involved in coeliac disease is a specific DQ alpha\/DQ beta heterodimer, encoded in cis arrangement in DR3 haplotypes or in trans arrangement in a DR5, 7 genotype. Our data on dermatitis herpetiformis patients fits this model perfectly. All these patients are capable of expressing this molecule, which may be responsible for the gluten sensitive enteropathy seen in a subgroup of patients with dermatitis herpetiformis and coeliac disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.32.5.487","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,18]],"date-time":"2007-09-18T17:41:31Z","timestamp":1190137291000},"page":"487-490","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["HLA association with dermatitis herpetiformis is accounted for by a cis or transassociated DQ heterodimer."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"M A","family":"Hall","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J S","family":"Lanchbury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"W J","family":"Bolsover","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K I","family":"Welsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P J","family":"Ciclitira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1991,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"393","article-title":"Patchiness and mucosal abnormality in coeliac disease (CD) and dermatitis herpetiformis (DH)","volume":"16","author":"Scott, B.B.; Losowsky, M.S.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Scott BB, Losowsky MS. Patchiness and mucosal abnormality in coeliac disease (CD) and dermatitis herpetiformis (DH). Gut 1975; 16:393.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"297780","article-title":"HL-AB: a genetic link between dermatitis herpetiformis and gluten-sensitive enteropathy","volume":"51","author":"Katz, S.I.; Falchuk, Z.M.; Dahl, M.V.; Rogentine, G.N.; Strober, W.","year":"1972","unstructured":"Katz SI, Falchuk ZM, Dahl MV, Rogentine GN, Strober W. HL-AB: a genetic link between dermatitis herpetiformis and gluten-sensitive enteropathy. J Clin Invest 1972; 51: 297780.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"133","article-title":"The incidence of HL-A antigens in dermatitis herpetiformis","volume":"89","author":"White, A.G.; C, Barnetson R.St; Da Costa, J.A.G.; McClelland, D.B.L.","year":"1973","unstructured":"White AG, Barnetson R St.C, Da Costa JAG, McClelland DBL. The incidence of HL-A antigens in dermatitis herpetiformis. BrJ7 Dermatol 1973; 89: 133-6."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1976.tb04361.x","article-title":"A comparison of histocompatibility antigens in dermatitis herpetiformis and adult coeliac disease","volume":"94","author":"Seah, P.P.; Fry, L.; Kearney, J.W.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Seah PP, Fry L, Kearney JW et al. A comparison of histocompatibility antigens in dermatitis herpetiformis and adult coeliac disease. BrJ Dernatol 1976; 94:131-8.","journal-title":"BrJ Dernatol"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0039.1976.tb01031.x","article-title":"Thune PO etal. HLA antigens in dermatitis herpetiformis and coeliac disease","volume":"7","author":"Solheim, B.G.; Ek, J.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Solheim BG, Ek J, Thune PO etal. HLA antigens in dermatitis herpetiformis and coeliac disease. Tissue Antigens 1976; 7: 57-9.","journal-title":"Tissue Antigens"},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"263","article-title":"The 90% incidence of HLA antigen (Te24) in dermatitis herpetiformis","volume":"22","author":"Park, M.S.; Terasaki, P.I.; Ahmed, A.P.; Zone, J.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Park MS, Terasaki PI, Ahmed AP, Zone J. The 90% incidence of HLA antigen (Te24) in dermatitis herpetiformis. Tissue Antigens 1983; 22: 263-6.","journal-title":"Tissue Antigens"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.27.5.515","article-title":"Different HLA associated gene combinations contribute to susceptibility for coeliac disease and dermatitis herpetiformis","volume":"27","author":"Sachs, J.A.; Awad, J.; McCloskey, D.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Sachs JA, Awad J, McCloskey D et al. Different HLA associated gene combinations contribute to susceptibility for coeliac disease and dermatitis herpetiformis. Gut 1986; 27: 515-20.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12284056","article-title":"Alterations in HLA-DP and HLA-DQ antigen frequency in patients with dermatitis herpetiformis","volume":"93","author":"Hall, R.P.; Sanders, M.E.; Duquesnoy, R.J.; Katz, S.I.; Shaw, S.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Hall RP, Sanders ME, Duquesnoy RJ, Katz SI, Shaw S. Alterations in HLA-DP and HLA-DQ antigen frequency in patients with dermatitis herpetiformis. J Invest Dermatol 1989; 93: 501-5.","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.24.8.706","article-title":"HLA-DR3 and DR7 in coeliac disease: immunogenetic and clinical aspects","volume":"24","author":"Demarchi, M.; Carbonara, A.; Ansaldi, N.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Demarchi M, Carbonara A, Ansaldi N et al. HLA-DR3 and DR7 in coeliac disease: immunogenetic and clinical aspects. Gut 1983; 24: 706-12.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-1229(83)90106-X","article-title":"Evidence that celiac disease is primarily associated with a DC locus allelic specificity","volume":"28","author":"Tosi, R.; Vismara, D.; Tanigaki, N.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Tosi R, Vismara D, Tanigaki N et al. Evidence that celiac disease is primarily associated with a DC locus allelic specificity. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 1983; 28: 395-404.","journal-title":"Clin Immunol Immunopathol"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1346-8138.1980.tb01972.x","article-title":"HLA antigens in dermatitis herpetiformis among Japanese","volume":"7","author":"Hashimoto, K.; Miki, Y.; Nishioka, K.; Nakata, S.; Matsuyama, M.","year":"1980","unstructured":"Hashimoto K, Miki Y, Nishioka K, Nakata S, Matsuyama M. HLA antigens in dermatitis herpetiformis among Japanese. Jf Dermatol 1980; 7: 289-91.","journal-title":"Jf Dermatol"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(87)92544-X","article-title":"Susceptibility to coeliac disease involves genes in HLA-DP region","volume":"ii:","author":"Niven, M.J.; Caffrey, C.; Sachs, J.A.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Niven MJ, Caffrey C, Sachs JA et al. Susceptibility to coeliac disease involves genes in HLA-DP region. Lancet 1987; ii: 805.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.85.1.222","article-title":"An extended HLA-D region haplotype associated with celiac disease","volume":"85","author":"Howell, M.D.; Smith, JR, Austin; R.K.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Howell MD, Smith JR, Austin RK et al. An extended HLA-D region haplotype associated with celiac disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1988; 85: 222-6.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1038\/339470a0","article-title":"A combination of a particular HLA-DPr) allele and an HLA-DQ heterodimer confers susceptibility to coeliac disease","volume":"339","author":"Bugawan, T.L.; Angelini, G.; Larrick, J.; Aurricchio, S.; Ferrara, G.B.; Erlich, H.A.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Bugawan TL, Angelini G, Larrick J, Aurricchio S, Ferrara GB, Erlich HA. A combination of a particular HLA-DPr) allele and an HLA-DQ heterodimer confers susceptibility to coeliac disease. Nature 1989; 339: 470-3.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02421336","article-title":"A locus telomeric to HLA-DPB encodes susceptibility to coeliac disease","volume":"30","author":"Rosenberg, W.M.C.; Wordsworth, B.P.; Jewell, D.P.; Bell, J.I.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Rosenberg WMC, Wordsworth BP, Jewell DP, Bell JI. A locus telomeric to HLA-DPB encodes susceptibility to coeliac disease. Immunogenetics 1989; 30: 307-10.","journal-title":"Immunogenetics"},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"220","article-title":"Celiac disease is associated with an extended HLA-DR3 haplotype which includes HLA-DPw1","volume":"27","author":"Hall, M.A.; Lanchbury, J.S.S.; Bolsover, W.J.; Welsh, K.I.; Ciclitira, P.J.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Hall MA, Lanchbury JSS, Bolsover WJ, Welsh KI, Ciclitira PJ. Celiac disease is associated with an extended HLA-DR3 haplotype which includes HLA-DPw1. Hum Immunol 1990; 27: 220-8."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1655","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1984.tb02026.x","article-title":"Mutations and selection in the generation of class II histocompatibility antigen polymorphism","volume":"3","author":"al","year":"1984","unstructured":"Gustafsson K, Wiman K, Emmoth E et al. Mutations and selection in the generation of class II histocompatibility antigen polymorphism. EMBOJ 1984; 3:1655-61.","journal-title":"EMBOJ"},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"3687","article-title":"Complete amino acid sequence of an HLA-DR like,1 chain as predicted from the nucleotide sequence: Similarities with immunoglobulins and","volume-title":"-C antigens. Proc Natl Acad Sci","volume":"79","author":"Larhammar, D.; L, Rask L.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Larhammar D, Schenning L, Gustafsson K, Wiman K, Claesson L, Rask L. Complete amino acid sequence of an HLA-DR like,1 chain as predicted from the nucleotide sequence: Similarities with immunoglobulins and HLA-A, -B, and -C antigens. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1982; 79: 3687-91."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1984.tb01826.x","article-title":"Both ct and ri chains of HLA-DC class II histocompatibility antigens display extensive polymorphism in their amino-terminal domains","volume":"3","author":"Schenning, L.; Larhammar, D.; Bill, P.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Schenning L, Larhammar D, Bill P et al. Both ct and ri chains of HLA-DC class II histocompatibility antigens display extensive polymorphism in their amino-terminal domains. EMBOJ 1984; 3:447-52.","journal-title":"EMBOJ"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1038\/309076a0","article-title":"Isolation of a cDNA clone coding for an SB richain","volume":"309","author":"Gustafsson, K.; Emmoth, E.; Widmark, E.; Bohme, J.; Peterson, P.A.; Rask, L.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Gustafsson K, Emmoth E, Widmark E, Bohme J, Peterson PA, Rask L. Isolation of a cDNA clone coding for an SB richain. Nature 1984; 309: 76-8.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1126\/science.239.4839.487","article-title":"Primer-directed enzymatic amplification of DNA with a thermostable DNA polymerase","volume":"239","author":"Saiki, R.K.; Gelfand, D.H.; Stoffel, S.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Saiki RK, Gelfand DH, Stoffel S et al. Primer-directed enzymatic amplification of DNA with a thermostable DNA polymerase. Science 1988; 239: 487-91.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"1002","article-title":"Identification ofHLA-Dwl4 genes in DR4+ rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"ii:","author":"Nepom, G.T.; Seyfried, C.E.; Holbeck, S.L.; Wilske, K.R.; Nepom, B.S.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Nepom GT, Seyfried CE, Holbeck SL, Wilske KR, Nepom BS. Identification ofHLA-Dwl4 genes in DR4+ rheumatoid arthritis. Lancet 1986; ii: 1002-5.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1016\/0161-5890(87)90026-5","article-title":"Allogenotypes defined by short DQu and DQfi cDNA probes correlate with and define splits of HLA-DQ serological specificities","volume":"24","author":"Bidwell, J.L.; Bidwell, E.A.; Laundy, G.J.; Klouda, P.T.; Bradley, B.A.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Bidwell JL, Bidwell EA, Laundy GJ, Klouda PT, Bradley BA. Allogenotypes defined by short DQu and DQfi cDNA probes correlate with and define splits of HLA-DQ serological specificities. Mol Immunol 1987; 24: 513-22.","journal-title":"Mol Immunol"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1644","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.84.6.1644","article-title":"Restriction fragment length polymorphism of the HLA-DP subregion and correlations to HLA-DP phenotypes","volume":"84","author":"Hyldig-Nielsen, J.J.; Morling, N.; Odum, N.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Hyldig-Nielsen JJ, Morling N, Odum N et al. Restriction fragment length polymorphism of the HLA-DP subregion and correlations to HLA-DP phenotypes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1987; 84: 1644-8.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00372674","article-title":"Polymorphisms within the HLA-DR3 haplotypes","volume":"23","author":"Bontrop, R.E.; Tilanus, M.; Mikulski, M.; Van Eggermond, M.; Termijtelen, A.; Giphart, M.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Bontrop RE, Tilanus M, Mikulski M, Van Eggermond M, Termijtelen A, Giphart M. Polymorphisms within the HLA-DR3 haplotypes. Immunogenetics 1986; 23: 401-5.","journal-title":"Immunogenetics"},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"6274","article-title":"Structural analysis of the HLA-DR, -DQ, and -DP alleles on the celiac disease associated","volume-title":"HLA-DR3 (DRw17) haplotype. Proc Natl Acad Sci","volume":"86","author":"Kagnoff, M.F.; Harwood, J.I.; Bugawan, T.L.; Erlich, H.A.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Kagnoff MF, Harwood JI, Bugawan TL, Erlich HA. Structural analysis of the HLA-DR, -DQ, and -DP alleles on the celiac disease associated HLA-DR3 (DRw17) haplotype. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1989; 86; 6274-8."},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"13","article-title":"The class II molecules of the human and murine major histocompatibility complex","volume":"36","author":"Kaufman, J.F.; Auffray, C.; Korman, A.J.; Shackelford, D.A.; Strominger, J.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Kaufman JF, Auffray C, Korman AJ, Shackelford DA, Strominger J. The class II molecules of the human and murine major histocompatibility complex. Cell 1984; 36: 13.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/0198-8859(88)90062-6","article-title":"An HLA-DQ alpha allele identified at DNA and protein level is strongly associated with celiac disease","volume":"23","author":"Roep, B.O.; Bontrop, R.E.; Pena, A.S.; van Eggermond, M.C.J.A.; van Rood, J.J.; Giphart, M.J.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Roep BO, Bontrop RE, Pena AS, van Eggermond MCJA, van Rood JJ, Giphart MJ. An HLA-DQ alpha allele identified at DNA and protein level is strongly associated with celiac disease. Hum Immunol 1988; 23: 271-9.","journal-title":"Hum Immunol"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.169.1.345","article-title":"Evidence for a primary association of celiac disease to a particular HLA-DQ a\/(3 heterodimer","volume":"169","author":"Sollid, L.M.; Markussen, G.; Ek, J.; Gjerde, H.; Vartdal, F.; Thorsby, E.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Sollid LM, Markussen G, Ek J, Gjerde H, Vartdal F, Thorsby E. Evidence for a primary association of celiac disease to a particular HLA-DQ a\/(3 heterodimer.J Exp Med 1989; 169: 345-50.","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(78)90408-0","article-title":"Genetic basis of gluten sensitive enteropathy","volume":"75","author":"Pena, A.S.; Mann, D.L.; Hague, N.E.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Pena AS, Mann DL, Hague NE. Genetic basis of gluten sensitive enteropathy. Gastroenterology 1978; 75: 230-5.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"263","article-title":"Evidence for recessive and against dominant inheritance at the HLA - 'linked' locus in coeliac disease","volume":"34","author":"Greenberg, D.A.; Hodge, S.E.; Rotter, J.I.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Greenberg DA, Hodge SE, Rotter JI. Evidence for recessive and against dominant inheritance at the HLA - 'linked' locus in coeliac disease. Amj Hum Genet 1982; 34: 263-77.","journal-title":"Amj Hum Genet"}],"container-title":["Gut"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/gut.32.5.487","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]],"date-time":"2025-12-13T14:46:50Z","timestamp":1765637210000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/gut.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/gut.32.5.487"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1991,5]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1991,5,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1991,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/gut.32.5.487"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/gut.32.5.487","relation":{},"ISSN":["0017-5749","1468-3288"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0017-5749"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1468-3288"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1991,5]]}}}