{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T13:51:23Z","timestamp":1782827483124,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gut"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1991,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A study was carried out in 30 patients affected by a mild or moderate degree of oesophageal achalasia to compare the clinical and manometric effects of sublingual nifedipine and pneumatic dilatation. Sixteen patients were dilated twice with Rider-Moeller dilators and 14 were treated with sublingual nifedipine 10-20 mg 30 minutes before meals. A manometric evaluation was performed before and six months after starting treatment. The clinical evaluation (according to Vantrappen's criteria) was performed every three months for a mean follow up of 21 months. In both groups of patients a significant (p less than 0.001) fall in lower oesophageal sphincter pressure was observed after treatment and excellent or good clinical results were observed in 75% of dilated patients and in 77% of patients treated with nifedipine. One patient could not tolerate nifedipine. No complications were observed after dilatation. It is concluded that longterm treatment with sublingual nifedipine and pneumatic dilatation are equally effective in the treatment of oesophageal achalasia of mild or moderate degree.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.32.6.604","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,18]],"date-time":"2007-09-18T17:41:31Z","timestamp":1190137291000},"page":"604-606","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["Prospective clinical and manometric study comparing pneumatic dilatation and sublingual nifedipine in the treatment of oesophageal achalasia."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"G","family":"Coccia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Bortolotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P","family":"Michetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Dodero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1991,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-45-2-207","article-title":"Observations on cardiospasm and its treatment by brusque dilatation","volume":"45","author":"Schindler, R.","year":"1956","unstructured":"Schindler R. Observations on cardiospasm and its treatment by brusque dilatation. Ann Intern Med 1956; 45: 207-15.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(80)90090-6","article-title":"Treatment of achalasia and related motor disorders","volume":"79","author":"Vantrappen, G.; Hellemans, J.","year":"1980","unstructured":"Vantrappen G, Hellemans J. Treatment of achalasia and related motor disorders. Gastroenterology 1980; 79: 144-54.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.24.11.1020","article-title":"Pneumatic dilatation in achalasia","volume":"24","author":"Fellows, J.W.; Ogilvie, A.L.; Atkinson, M.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Fellows JW, Ogilvie AL, Atkinson M. Pneumatic dilatation in achalasia. Gut 1983; 24: 1020-3.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1021676","article-title":"Results of treatment with the endoscope dilator in 11 patients with achalasia of the esophagus","volume":"13","author":"Frimberger, E.; Kuhner, W.; Kuhnert, H.; Ottenjann, R.","year":"1981","unstructured":"Frimberger E, Kuhner W, Kuhnert H, Ottenjann R. Results of treatment with the endoscope dilator in 11 patients with achalasia of the esophagus. Endoscopy 1981; 13: 173-5.","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1021677","article-title":"Treatment of achalasia with a pneumatic dilator attached to a gastroscope","volume":"13","author":"Witzel, L.","year":"1981","unstructured":"Witzel L. Treatment of achalasia with a pneumatic dilator attached to a gastroscope. Endoscopy 1981; 13: 176-7.","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.27.8.986","article-title":"Balloon dilatation in achalasia: a new dilator","volume":"27","author":"Cox, J.; Buckton, G.K.; Bennett, JR","year":"1986","unstructured":"Cox J, Buckton GK, Bennett JR. Balloon dilatation in achalasia: a new dilator. Gut 1986; 27: 986-9.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"132","key":"ref_7","first-page":"1057","article-title":"Primary surgical treatment for esophageal achalasia","volume":"1971","author":"Effler, D.B.; Loop, F.D.; Groves, L.K.; Favaloro, R.G.","unstructured":"Effler DB, Loop FD, Groves LK, Favaloro RG. Primary surgical treatment for esophageal achalasia. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1971;-132: 1057-63.","journal-title":"Surg Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"482","article-title":"Management of achalasia by transabdominal cardiomyotomy and funduplication","volume":"133","author":"Menguy, R.","year":"1971","unstructured":"Menguy R. Management of achalasia by transabdominal cardiomyotomy and funduplication. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1971; 133: 482-4.","journal-title":"Surg Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.30.5.539","article-title":"Qesophagomyotomy for achalasia of the cardia","volume":"30","author":"Sariyannis, C.; Mullard, K.S.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Sariyannis C, Mullard KS. Qesophagomyotomy for achalasia of the cardia. Thorax 1975; 30: 539-42.","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1979.01370320067011","article-title":"Long term results of esophagomyotomy for achalasia of the esophagus","volume":"114","author":"Jara, F.M.; Toledo Pereyra, L.H.; Lewis, J.W.; Magilligan, D.J.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Jara FM, Toledo Pereyra LH, Lewis JW, Magilligan DJ. Long term results of esophagomyotomy for achalasia of the esophagus. Arch Surg 1979; 114: 935-6.","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"949","article-title":"Dodero of achalasia of the oesophagus. The importance of hiatal repair","volume-title":"BrJSurg","volume":"63","author":"Black, J.; Vorbach, A.N.; of Heller's operation Coccia, Collis J.L.Results; Bortolotti, Michetti","year":"1976","unstructured":"Black J, Vorbach AN, Collis JL. Results of Heller's operation Coccia, Bortolotti, Michetti, Dodero of achalasia of the oesophagus. The importance of hiatal repair. BrJSurg 1976; 63: 949-53."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-198605000-00009","article-title":"Achalasia of the esophagus. Treatment controversies and the method of choice","volume":"203","author":"Donahue, P.E.; Schlesinger, P.K.; Bombeck, C.T.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Donahue PE, Schlesinger PK, Bombeck CT. Achalasia of the esophagus. Treatment controversies and the method of choice. Ann Surg 1986; 203: 505-11.","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(80)90248-6","article-title":"Effect of sublingual nitroglycerin and long acting nitrate preparations on esophageal motility","volume":"79","author":"Kikendall, J.W.; Mellow, H.M.","year":"1980","unstructured":"Kikendall JW, Mellow HM. Effect of sublingual nitroglycerin and long acting nitrate preparations on esophageal motility. Gastroenterology 1980; 79: 703-6.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1097\/00004836-198202000-00003","article-title":"Radionuclide confirmation of the therapeutic value of isosorbide dinitrate in relieving the dysphagia in achalasia","volume":"4","author":"Rozen, P.; Gelfond, M.; Salzman, S.","year":"1981","unstructured":"Rozen P, Gelfond M, Salzman S. Radionuclide confirmation of the therapeutic value of isosorbide dinitrate in relieving the dysphagia in achalasia. J Clin Gastroenterol 1981; 4: 17-22.","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(81)90187-6","article-title":"Clinical and manometric effects of nifedipine in patients with esophageal achalasia","volume":"80","author":"Labo'G, Bortolotti M.","year":"1981","unstructured":"Bortolotti M. Labo'G. Clinical and manometric effects of nifedipine in patients with esophageal achalasia. Gastroenterology 1981; 80: 39-44.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"773","article-title":"The effect of verapamil on the esophageal sphincter pressure in normal subjects and in achalasia","volume":"78","author":"Becker, B.J.; Burakoff, R.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Becker BJ, Burakoff R. The effect of verapamil on the esophageal sphincter pressure in normal subjects and in achalasia. AmJ Gastroenterol 1983; 78: 773-5.","journal-title":"AmJ Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"299","article-title":"Calcium channel blocking agents for gastrointestinal disorders. AmJ7 Cardiol 1985; 55: 210B-3B","volume-title":"Late results of a prospective randomized study comparing forceful dilatation and oesophagomyotomy in patients with achalasia","volume":"18","author":"Castell, D.O.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Castell DO. Calcium channel blocking agents for gastrointestinal disorders. AmJ7 Cardiol 1985; 55: 210B-3B. 18 Csendes A, Braghetto I, Henriquez A, Cortes C. Late results of a prospective randomized study comparing forceful dilatation and oesophagomyotomy in patients with achalasia. Gut 1989; 30: 299-304."},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"1670","article-title":"Sublingual nifedipine in achalasia. A randomized double blind study","volume":"90","author":"Traube, M.; Dubovik, S.; Magyar, L.; McCallum, R.W.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Traube M, Dubovik S, Magyar L, McCallum RW. Sublingual nifedipine in achalasia. A randomized double blind study. Gastroenterology 1986; 90: 1670.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1177\/014107688007300911","article-title":"Treatment of achalasia: a review","volume":"73","author":"Bennett, JR","year":"1980","unstructured":"Bennett JR. Treatment of achalasia: a review. J R Soc Med 1980; 73: 649-54.","journal-title":"J R Soc Med"},{"issue":"110","key":"ref_20","first-page":"191","article-title":"Achalasia of the cardia","volume":"1961","author":"Adams, C.W.M.; Brain, R.H.F.; Ellis, F.G.","unstructured":"Adams CWM, Brain RHF, Ellis FG. Achalasia of the cardia. Guy's Hospital Reports 1961; 110: 191-236.","journal-title":"Guy's Hospital Reports"},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"814","article-title":"Lower esophageal sphincter","volume-title":"dysfunction in achalasia. Gastroenterology 1971; 61","author":"Cohen, S.; Lipshutz, W.","unstructured":"Cohen S, Lipshutz W. Lower esophageal sphincter dysfunction in achalasia. Gastroenterology 1971; 61: 814-20."},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"789","article-title":"A prospective randomized study comparing forceful dilatation and esophagomyotomy in patients with achalasia","volume-title":"of the esophagus. Gastroenterology 1981; 80","author":"Csendes, A.; Velasco, N.; Braghetto, I.; Henriquez, A.","unstructured":"Csendes A, Velasco N, Braghetto I, Henriquez A. A prospective randomized study comparing forceful dilatation and esophagomyotomy in patients with achalasia of the esophagus. Gastroenterology 1981; 80: 789-95."},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"602","article-title":"Return of peristalsis in achalasia after pneumatic dilatation","volume":"80","author":"Lamet, M.; Fleshler, B.; Achkar, E.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Lamet M, Fleshler B, Achkar E. Return of peristalsis in achalasia after pneumatic dilatation. Am J Gastroenterol 1985; 80: 602-4.","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.30.6.768","article-title":"Quantitative assessment of the response to therapy in achalasia of the cardia","volume":"30","author":"Robertson, C.S.; Hardy, J.G.; Atkinson, M.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Robertson CS, Hardy JG, Atkinson M. Quantitative assessment of the response to therapy in achalasia of the cardia. Gut 1989; 30: 768-73.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.24.11.1013","article-title":"To dilate or to operate? That is the question","volume":"24","author":"Vantrappen, G.; Janssens, J.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Vantrappen G, Janssens J. To dilate or to operate? That is the question. Gut 1983; 24: 1013-9.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(82)80062-0","article-title":"Isosorbide dinitrate and nifedipine treatment of achalasia: a clinical, manometric and radionuclide evaluation","volume":"83","author":"Gelfond, M.; Rozen, P.; Gilat, T.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Gelfond M, Rozen P, Gilat T. Isosorbide dinitrate and nifedipine treatment of achalasia: a clinical, manometric and radionuclide evaluation. Gastroenterology 1982; 83: 963-9.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(84)90583-3","article-title":"Effects of nifedipine on esophageal motor function in humans: correlation with plasma nifedipine concentrations","volume":"86","author":"Hongo, M.; Traube, M.; McAllister, R.G.; McCallum, R.W.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Hongo M, Traube M, McAllister RG, McCallum RW. Effects of nifedipine on esophageal motor function in humans: correlation with plasma nifedipine concentrations. Gastroenterology 1984; 86: 8-12.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"}],"container-title":["Gut"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/gut.32.6.604","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]],"date-time":"2025-12-13T15:48:01Z","timestamp":1765640881000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/gut.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/gut.32.6.604"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1991,6]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1991,6,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1991,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/gut.32.6.604"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/gut.32.6.604","relation":{},"ISSN":["0017-5749","1468-3288"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0017-5749","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-3288","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1991,6]]}}}