{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T22:53:28Z","timestamp":1772751208890,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gut"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1991,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We conducted a case-control study in five general hospitals in the region of Antwerp, studying 161 patients (102 men, 59 women) and hospital control subjects matched for age and sex to explore the relation between drug use and upper gastrointestinal bleeding from 'erosive lesions' (peptic oesophagitis, gastric erosions, gastric ulcer(s), or duodenal ulcer(s]. There was a highly significant difference between cases and control subjects in the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs, excluding aspirin) (odds ratio 7.4, p less than 0.001; 95% confidence interval odds ratio 3.7 to 14.7). There also was a significant difference in the use of aspirin (odds ratio 2.2, p = 0.025; 95% CI odds ratio 1.3 to 4.0) and a highly significant difference regarding the presence of antecedents of peptic ulcer disease (odds ratio 5.5, p less than 0.001; 95% CI odds ratio 3.2 to 9.6). There was no significant difference in the use of other drugs, paracetamol and corticosteroids in particular, nor in the use of alcohol or tobacco. The patient group using NSAIDs was older, had more women, and had a higher mortality than the group not using NSAIDs. Among patients with bleeding gastric or duodenal ulcer(s), NSAID users were not more or less likely to have had symptoms of peptic ulcer disease, and had no higher frequency of multiple gastric or duodenal ulcers. The attributable risk for NSAID use was 0.30 (95% CI 0.23 to 0.37) and for aspirin use 0.14 (95% CI 0.08 to 0.20).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.32.7.730","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,18]],"date-time":"2007-09-18T17:41:31Z","timestamp":1190137291000},"page":"730-734","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":107,"title":["Relation of upper gastrointestinal bleeding to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and aspirin: a case-control study."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"J","family":"Holvoet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L","family":"Terriere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"W","family":"Van Hee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L","family":"Verbist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E","family":"Fierens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M L","family":"Hautekeete","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1991,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"640","article-title":"Epidemiologic evidence on the association between peptic ulceration and anti-inflammatory drug use","volume-title":"Gastroenterology 1989; %","author":"Langman, M.J.S.","unstructured":"Langman MJS. Epidemiologic evidence on the association between peptic ulceration and anti-inflammatory drug use. Gastroenterology 1989; %: 640-6."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199003293221307","article-title":"Pathogenesis of peptic ulcer and implications for therapy","volume":"322","author":"Soll, A.H.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Soll AH. Pathogenesis of peptic ulcer and implications for therapy. N EnglJ Med 1990; 322: 909-16.","journal-title":"N EnglJ Med"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.23.4.340","volume":"23","author":"Coggon, D.; Langman, M.J.S.; Aspirin, Spiegelhalter D.; paracetamol; haematemesis; melaena","year":"1982","unstructured":"Coggon D, Langman MJS, Spiegelhalter D. Aspirin, paracetamol, and haematemesis and melaena. 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BM3r 1988; 297: 1311-3."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2365","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1986.00360240087015","article-title":"Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs and gastrointestinal bleeding: a casecontrol study","volume":"146","author":"Bartle, W.R.; Gupta, A.K.; Lazor, J.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Bartle WR, Gupta AK, Lazor J. Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs and gastrointestinal bleeding: a casecontrol study. Arch Intern Med 1986; 146: 2365-7.","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1988.00380020025005","article-title":"Major upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding: relation to the use of aspirin and other non-narcotic analgesics","volume":"148","author":"Levy, M.; Miller, D.R.; Kaufman, D.W.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Levy M, Miller DR, Kaufman DW, et al. Major upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding: relation to the use of aspirin and other non-narcotic analgesics. Arch Intern Med 1988; 148: 281-5.","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"1158","article-title":"Aspirin use in patients with major upper gastrointestinal bleeding and peptic-ulcer disease: a report from the Boston Collaborative Drug Surveillance Program","volume":"290","author":"Levy, M.","year":"1974","unstructured":"Levy M. Aspirin use in patients with major upper gastrointestinal bleeding and peptic-ulcer disease: a report from the Boston Collaborative Drug Surveillance Program, Boston University Medical Center. N Engl _7 Med 1974; 290: 1158-62."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1987.00370010087021","article-title":"The association of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding","volume":"147","author":"Carson, J.L.; Strom, B.L.; Soper, K.A.; West, S.L.; Morse, M.L.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Carson JL, Strom BL, Soper KA, West SL, Morse ML. The association of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding. Arch Intern Med 1987; 147: 85-8.","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.27.8.929","article-title":"Peptic ulcer and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents","volume":"27","author":"Duggan, J.M.; Dobson, A.J.; Johnson, H.; Fahey, P.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Duggan JM, Dobson AJ, Johnson H, Fahey P. Peptic ulcer and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents. Gut 1986; 27: 929-33.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"179","article-title":"Essentials of medical statistics","author":"Kirkwood, B.R.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Kirkwood BR. Essentials of medical statistics. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific, 1988: 179-83."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"75","article-title":"Statistical methods for rates and proportions","author":"Fleiss, J.L.","year":"1981","unstructured":"Fleiss JL. Statistical methods for rates and proportions. 2nd ed. New York: Wiley, 1981: 75-82.","edition":"2nd ed"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.28.5.527","article-title":"Non-steroidal anti-inflammatorv drugs and life threatening complications of peptic ulceration","volume":"28","author":"Armstrong, C.P.; Blower, A.L.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Armstrong CP, Blower AL. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatorv drugs and life threatening complications of peptic ulceration. 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Adrenocorticosteroid administration and peptic ulcer: a critical analysis. 7 Chronic Dis 1985; 38: 457-68.","journal-title":"7 Chronic Dis"},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"309","article-title":"Ulcerogenic drugs and upper gastrointestinal bleeding","volume-title":"Clinico in Gastroenterology 1988; 2","author":"G, Bianchi Porro; F, Pace","unstructured":"Bianchi Porro G, Pace F. Ulcerogenic drugs and upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Clinico in Gastroenterology 1988; 2: 309-27."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.285.6336.167","article-title":"Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and benign oesophageal stricture","volume":"285","author":"Heller, SR, Fellows; IW, Ogilvie; AL, Atkinson; M.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Heller SR, Fellows IW, Ogilvie AL, Atkinson M. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and benign oesophageal stricture. 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