{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T17:04:41Z","timestamp":1788023081471,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gut"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1991,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In a prospective study of the frequency and clinical importance of heterotopic gastric mucosa in the upper oesophagus, 634 consecutive veteran patients (98% male), undergoing endoscopy for various gastrointestinal complaints, were evaluated. Sixty four patients (10%) had heterotopic gastric mucosal patches varying in size from 0.2-0.3 cm to 3 x 4-5 cm often immediately below the upper oesophageal sphincter. Biopsies of these patches showed fundic type gastric mucosa with chief and parietal cells. The 10% prevalence is more than twice the highest reported prevalence rate of endoscopically detected patches in the upper oesophagus. The characteristic location of these patches at the sphincter area, their uniformly fundic type gastric mucosa, and their poor correlation with clinical and endoscopic evidence of gastro-oesophageal reflux support the hypothesis that they are congenital in nature.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.32.9.968","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,18]],"date-time":"2007-09-18T17:41:31Z","timestamp":1190137291000},"page":"968-972","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":116,"title":["Incidence of heterotopic gastric mucosa in the upper oesophagus."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"F","family":"Borhan-Manesh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J B","family":"Farnum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1991,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01311666","article-title":"Symptomatic ectopic gastric epithelium of the cervical esophagus. Demonstration of acid production with Congo red","volume":"31","author":"Hamilton, J.W.; Thune, R.G.; Morrissey, J.F.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Hamilton JW, Thune RG, Morrissey JF. Symptomatic ectopic gastric epithelium of the cervical esophagus. Demonstration of acid production with Congo red. Dig Dis Sci 1986; 31: 337-42.","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"352","article-title":"The inlet patch: heterotopic gastric mucosa","volume-title":"the upper esophagus. Gastroenterology 1985; 89","author":"Jabbari, M.; Goresky, C.A.; Lough, J.; Yaffe, C.; Daly, D.; Cote, C.","unstructured":"Jabbari M, Goresky CA, Lough J, Yaffe C, Daly D, Cote C. The inlet patch: heterotopic gastric mucosa in the upper esophagus. Gastroenterology 1985; 89: 352-6."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5107(88)71366-8","article-title":"Columnar mucosa in the proximal esophagus","volume":"34","author":"VanAsche, C.; Rahm, A.E.; Goldner, F.; Crumbaker, D.","year":"1988","unstructured":"VanAsche C, Rahm AE, Goldner F, Crumbaker D. Columnar mucosa in the proximal esophagus. Gastrointest Endosc 1988; 34: 324-6.","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215100051963","article-title":"Ectopic gastric mucosa in the cervical esophagus, a possible cause of dysphagia","volume":"71","author":"EH, Miles Foxen","year":"1957","unstructured":"Miles Foxen EH. Ectopic gastric mucosa in the cervical esophagus, a possible cause of dysphagia. J Laryngol Otol 1957; 71: 419-23.","journal-title":"J Laryngol Otol"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1177\/000348948309200115","article-title":"Ectopic gastric mucosa in the upper esophagus as a cause of dysphagia","volume":"92","author":"Raine, C.H.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Raine CH. Ectopic gastric mucosa in the upper esophagus as a cause of dysphagia. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1983; 92: 65-6.","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1097\/00004836-198610000-00003","article-title":"Ectopic gastric mucosa in proximal esophagus","volume":"8","author":"Shah, K.K.; DeRidder, P.H.; Shah, K.K.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Shah KK, DeRidder PH, Shah KK. Ectopic gastric mucosa in proximal esophagus. J Clin Gastroenterol 1986; 8: 509-13.","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"333","article-title":"Is heterotopic columnar epithelium in the esophagus clinically relevant","volume":"94","author":"Ollyo, J.B.; Savary, M.; Ph, Monnier; Ch, Fontollier; Wellinger, J.; Levi, F.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Ollyo JB, Savary M, Monnier Ph, Fontollier Ch, Wellinger J, Levi F, et al. Is heterotopic columnar epithelium in the esophagus clinically relevant. Gastroenierology 1988; 94: A333.","journal-title":"Gastroenierology"},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"521","article-title":"High esophageal stricture: a complication of 'inlet patch'","volume-title":"mucosa. Gastroenterology 1988; 94","author":"Steadman, C.; Kerlin, P.; Teague, C.; Stephenson, P.","unstructured":"Steadman C, Kerlin P, Teague C, Stephenson P. High esophageal stricture: a complication of 'inlet patch' mucosa. Gastroenterology 1988; 94: 521-4."},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"828","article-title":"Spontaneous esophagotracheal fistula resulting from ulcer","volume-title":"heterotopic gastric mucosa. Gastroenterology 1988; 95","author":"Kohler, B.; Kohler, G.; Riemann, J.F.","unstructured":"Kohler B, Kohler G, Riemann JF. Spontaneous esophagotracheal fistula resulting from ulcer in heterotopic gastric mucosa. Gastroenterology 1988; 95: 828-30."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01311954","article-title":"Upper esophageal web due to a ring formed by a squamoculamnar junction with ectopic gastric mucosa (another explanation of the Patterson-Kelly-PlummerVinson Syndrome","volume":"24","author":"Weaver, G.A.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Weaver GA. Upper esophageal web due to a ring formed by a squamoculamnar junction with ectopic gastric mucosa (another explanation of the Patterson-Kelly-PlummerVinson Syndrome. Dig Dis Sci 1979; 24: 959-63.","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.18003714810","article-title":"Adenocarcinoma of the upper end of the oesophagus arising from ectopic gastric epithelium","volume":"37","author":"Carrie, A.","year":"1950","unstructured":"Carrie A. Adenocarcinoma of the upper end of the oesophagus arising from ectopic gastric epithelium. BrJr Surg 1950; 37: 474.","journal-title":"BrJr Surg"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-9260(78)80042-7","article-title":"Primary adenocarcinoma of the upper oesophagus","volume":"29","author":"Danoff, B.; Cooper, J.; Klein, M.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Danoff B, Cooper J, Klein M. Primary adenocarcinoma of the upper oesophagus. Clin Radiol 1978; 29: 519-22.","journal-title":"Clin Radiol"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(86)90417-8","article-title":"Heterotopic gastric mucosa of the upper esophagus (letter)","volume":"90","author":"Rattner, H.M.; McKinley, M.J.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Rattner HM, McKinley MJ. Heterotopic gastric mucosa of the upper esophagus (letter). Gastroenterology 1986; 90: 1309.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"633","article-title":"Heterotopic gastric mucosa of the esophagus","volume":"79","author":"Wang, M.M.J.; Spear, M.; McGrew, W.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Wang MMJ, Spear M, McGrew W. Heterotopic gastric mucosa of the esophagus. South MedJ7 1986; 79: 633-5."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.41.7.742","article-title":"Upper oesophageal gastric heterotopia: a prospective necropsy study in children","volume":"41","author":"Variend, S.; Howat, A.J.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Variend S, Howat AJ. Upper oesophageal gastric heterotopia: a prospective necropsy study in children. J Clin Pathol 1988; 41: 742-5.","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"431","article-title":"Developmental changes in the oesophageal epithelium in man","volume":"86","author":"Johns, B.A.E.","year":"1952","unstructured":"Johns BAE. Developmental changes in the oesophageal epithelium in man. J Anat 1952; 86: 431-42.","journal-title":"J Anat"}],"container-title":["Gut"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/gut.32.9.968","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]],"date-time":"2025-12-13T17:44:22Z","timestamp":1765647862000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/gut.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/gut.32.9.968"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1991,9]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1991,9,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1991,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/gut.32.9.968"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/gut.32.9.968","relation":{},"ISSN":["0017-5749","1468-3288"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0017-5749","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-3288","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1991,9]]}}}