{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T06:41:24Z","timestamp":1773643284964,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gut"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Cerebral evoked potential recording was used to study the oesophagus-brain axis in 10 controls and 10 patients with non-cardiac chest pain with a manometric diagnosis of either nutcracker oesophagus or diffuse spasm and a positive edrophonium test. A series of 50 inflations (10\/minute; inflation rate of 170 ml\/second) of an intraoesophageal balloon (5 cm proximal to the lower oesophageal sphincter) was performed in each subject. Three different inflation volumes were used and were individually determined to cause no sensation, slight sensation, and definite sensation, respectively (volume ranges: 2-8 ml, 5-18 ml, and 8-22 ml). All signals were coded and their quality was scored on a scale from 0 (no recognisable pattern) to 5 (well defined potential of good quality) by four 'blinded' observers. The evoked potential quality scores and amplitude of the major peaks increased significantly (p less than 0.01) with increasing sensation, both in patients and in controls. In the patients, quality score and amplitude of all four peaks of the evoked potentials were lower (p less than 0.05) and latencies of two of the four peaks were longer (p less than 0.02) than in the controls. The volumes of air required to produce the various sensations were lower in the patients (p less than 0.01). When divided by the balloon volume, amplitude and quality of the evoked potential were no longer significantly different between the groups. These results suggest that the increased perception of oesophageal distension in patients with non-cardiac chest pain is caused by altered central processing rather than (functionally) abnormal receptors in the oesophageal wall.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.33.3.298","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,18]],"date-time":"2007-09-18T17:41:31Z","timestamp":1190137291000},"page":"298-302","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":78,"title":["Cerebral potentials evoked by oesophageal distension in patients with non-cardiac chest pain."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"A J","family":"Smout","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M S","family":"DeVore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C B","family":"Dalton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D O","family":"Castell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1992,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1232","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(87)92686-9","article-title":"The irritable oesophagus: a frequent cause of angina-like pain","volume":"i:","author":"Vantrappen, G.; Janssen, J.; Ghillebert, G.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Vantrappen G, Janssen J, Ghillebert G. The irritable oesophagus: a frequent cause of angina-like pain. Lancet 1987;i: 1232-4.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(86)90685-2","article-title":"Abnormal sensory perception in patients with esophageal chest pain","volume":"91","author":"Richter, J.E.; Barish, C.F.; Castell, D.O.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Richter JE, Barish CF, Castell DO. Abnormal sensory perception in patients with esophageal chest pain. Gastroenterology 1986; 91: 845-52.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"475","article-title":"Cerebral responses evoked by electrical stimulation of the esophagus","volume-title":"normal subjects. Gastroenterology 1989; 97","author":"Frieling, T.; Enck, P.; Wienbeck, M.","unstructured":"Frieling T, Enck P, Wienbeck M. Cerebral responses evoked by electrical stimulation of the esophagus in normal subjects. Gastroenterology 1989; 97: 475-8."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"662","article-title":"Cerebral electrical potentials evoked by balloon distention","volume-title":"of the human esophagus. Gastroenterology 1990","volume":"98","author":"Castell, D.O.; Wood, J.D.; Frieling, T.; Wright, F.S.; Vieth, R.F.","unstructured":"Castell DO, Wood JD, Frieling T, Wright FS, Vieth RF. Cerebral electrical potentials evoked by balloon distention of the human esophagus. Gastroenterology 1990; 98: 662-6."},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"955","article-title":"Cerebral potentials evoked by esophageal distension in humans","volume":"259","author":"Smout, A.J.P.M.; DeVore, M.S.; Castell, D.O.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Smout AJPM, DeVore MS, Castell DO. Cerebral potentials evoked by esophageal distension in humans. Am J Physiol 1990; 259: G955-9.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"371","article-title":"The 10-20 electrode system of the international federation","volume":"10","author":"Jasper, H.H.","year":"1958","unstructured":"Jasper HH. The 10-20 electrode system of the international federation. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1958; 10: 371-5.","journal-title":"Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1080\/00029238.1979.11079986","article-title":"Visually evoked potentials to electronic pattern reversal: latency variations with gender, age and technical factors","volume":"19","author":"Stockard, J.J.; Hughes, J.F.; Sharbrough, F.W.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Stockard JJ, Hughes JF, Sharbrough FW. Visually evoked potentials to electronic pattern reversal: latency variations with gender, age and technical factors. Am J EEG Technol 1979; 19:171-204.","journal-title":"Am J EEG Technol"},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"214","article-title":"Auditory brainstem recovery processes from birth to adulthood","volume":"15","author":"Salamy, A.; McKean, C.M.; Pettett, G.; Mendelson, T.","year":"1970","unstructured":"Salamy A, McKean CM, Pettett G, Mendelson T. Auditory brainstem recovery processes from birth to adulthood. Psychophysiology 1970; 15: 214-9.","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4694(81)91427-9","article-title":"An interference approach to the study of somatosensory evoked potentials in man","volume":"52","author":"Jones, S.J.","year":"1981","unstructured":"Jones SJ. An interference approach to the study of somatosensory evoked potentials in man. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1981; 52: 517-30.","journal-title":"Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"477","article-title":"Cerebral evoked potentials after endorectal mechanical stimulation in humans","volume":"254","author":"Collet, L.; Meunier, P.; Duclaux, R.; Chery-Croze, S.; Falipou, P.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Collet L, Meunier P, Duclaux R, Chery-Croze S, Falipou P. Cerebral evoked potentials after endorectal mechanical stimulation in humans. AmJ Physiol 1988; 254: G477-82.","journal-title":"AmJ Physiol"},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"202","article-title":"Cerebral responses evoked by electrical stimulation of the rectosigmoid in normal subjects","volume":"34","author":"Frieling, T.; Enck, P.; Wienbeck, M.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Frieling T, Enck P, Wienbeck M. Cerebral responses evoked by electrical stimulation of the rectosigmoid in normal subjects. DigDisSci 1989; 34: 202-5.","journal-title":"DigDisSci"},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"539","article-title":"Endorectal cerebral evoked potentials (letter)","volume":"35","author":"Meunier, P.D.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Meunier PD. Endorectal cerebral evoked potentials (letter). DigDisSci 1990; 35: 539.","journal-title":"DigDisSci"}],"container-title":["Gut"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/gut.33.3.298","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,6]],"date-time":"2025-12-06T07:36:30Z","timestamp":1765006590000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/gut.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/gut.33.3.298"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1992,3]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1992,3,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/gut.33.3.298"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/gut.33.3.298","relation":{},"ISSN":["0017-5749","1468-3288"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0017-5749","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-3288","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1992,3]]}}}