{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]],"date-time":"2025-12-13T17:25:38Z","timestamp":1765646738501,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gut"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Calmodulin is an important modulator of intracellular calcium processes and may be implicated in the calcium malabsorption of coeliac disease. The calmodulin content in extracts of duodenal biopsy specimens from 48 normal control subjects and 28 patients with coeliac disease was determined. Radioimmunoassay was used to measure immunoreactive calmodulin while a cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate phosphodiesterase activity assay was used to measure biologically active calmodulin. Calmodulin values measured by both assays were similar for control and disease groups. Mean (SEM) immunoreactive calmodulin values were 1.68 (0.09) micrograms\/mg protein for controls and 1.67 (0.15) and 1.45 (0.15) micrograms\/mg protein for partial and total villous atrophy respectively. These values were not significantly different. Biologically active calmodulin values were 2.77 (0.21), 1.82 (0.34), and 3.24 (0.33) micrograms\/mg protein for control, partial, and total villous atrophy subjects respectively. The biologically active calmodulin values in the partial villous atrophy group were significantly lower than in controls and total villous atrophy subjects. In the phosphodiesterase assay, the calmodulin antagonist trifluoperazine inhibited the activity stimulated by purified calmodulin and by the extracts to the same extent. These results show that calmodulin values are normal in coeliac disease and provide no evidence that changes in calmodulin account for the abnormal calcium absorption in these patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.33.3.303","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,18]],"date-time":"2007-09-18T17:41:31Z","timestamp":1190137291000},"page":"303-306","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Calmodulin content and activity in normal and coeliac duodenum."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"J","family":"Amoah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R G","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1992,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"83","article-title":"Calcium metabolism and bone pathology in adult coeliac disease","volume":"153","author":"Melvin, K.E.W.; Hepner, G.W.; Bordier, P.; Neale, G.; Joplin, G.F.","year":"1970","unstructured":"Melvin KEW, Hepner GW, Bordier P, Neale G, Joplin GF. Calcium metabolism and bone pathology in adult coeliac disease. QJ3 Med 1970; 153: 83-113."},{"issue":"725-3","key":"ref_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Enterocyte in coeliac disease - 1","volume":"3","author":"Booth, C.C.","year":"1970","unstructured":"Booth CC. Enterocyte in coeliac disease - 1. BMJ 1970; 3: 725-3 1.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"122","article-title":"Characterization of calcium uptake by brush border membrane vesicles","volume-title":"of human small intestine. Gastroenterology 1989; 96","author":"Ghishan, F.K.; Arab, N.; Nylander, W.","unstructured":"Ghishan FK, Arab N, Nylander W. Characterization of calcium uptake by brush border membrane vesicles of human small intestine. Gastroenterology 1989; 96: 122-9."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1042\/cs0660497","article-title":"Calmodulin and cell function","volume":"66","author":"Tomlinson, S.; MacNeil, S.; Walker, S.W.; Ollis, C.A.; Merritt, J.E.; Brown, B.L.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Tomlinson S, MacNeil S, Walker SW, Ollis CA, Merritt JE, Brown BL. Calmodulin and cell function. Clin Sci 1984; 66: 497-507.","journal-title":"Clin Sci"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1717","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(88)90434-0","article-title":"Calmodulin antagonists of improved potency and specificity for use in the study of calmodulin biochemistry","volume":"37","author":"MacNeil, S.; Griffin, M.; Cooke, A.M.","year":"1988","unstructured":"MacNeil S, Griffin M, Cooke AM. Calmodulin antagonists of improved potency and specificity for use in the study of calmodulin biochemistry. Biochem Pharmacol 1988; 37: 1717-23.","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-8981(86)90045-8","article-title":"The subcellular distribution and levels of calmodulin in jejunal biopsies from control subjects and patients with coeliac disease","volume":"159","author":"MacPherson, A.J.S.; Bjarnason, I.; Peters, T.J.","year":"1986","unstructured":"MacPherson AJS, Bjarnason I, Peters TJ. The subcellular distribution and levels of calmodulin in jejunal biopsies from control subjects and patients with coeliac disease. Clin Chim Acta 1986; 159: 133-8.","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.100.3.754","article-title":"Comparison of Ca++-regulated events in the small intestinal brush border","volume":"100","author":"Glenney, JR, Glenney; P.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Glenney JR, Glenney P. Comparison of Ca++-regulated events in the small intestinal brush border. J Cell Biol 1985; 100: 754-63.","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"1370","article-title":"Detection of calmodulin in duodenal basolateral membrane fractions","volume":"90","author":"Charpin, M.V.; Walters, J.F.; Weiser, M.M.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Charpin MV, Walters JF, Weiser MM. Detection of calmodulin in duodenal basolateral membrane fractions. Gastroenterology 1986; 90: 1370 [Abstract].","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.1987.tb00642.x","article-title":"Effect of two potent calmodulin antagonists of calcium transport of brush border and basolateral vesicles from human duodenum","volume":"1","author":"Stoll, R.; Stern, H.; Ruppin, H.; Domschke, W.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Stoll R, Stern H, Ruppin H, Domschke W. Effect of two potent calmodulin antagonists of calcium transport of brush border and basolateral vesicles from human duodenum. Aliment Pharmacol Therap 1987; 1: 415-24.","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Therap"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1042\/cs0690681","article-title":"The calmodulin content of the epidermis in psoriasis","volume":"69","author":"MacNeil, S.; Tucker, W.F.G.; Dawson, R.A.; Bleehen, S.S.; Tomlinson, S.","year":"1985","unstructured":"MacNeil S, Tucker WFG, Dawson RA, Bleehen SS, Tomlinson S. The calmodulin content of the epidermis in psoriasis. Clin Sci 1985; 69: 681-6.","journal-title":"Clin Sci"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-8981(88)90054-X","article-title":"An altered calmodulin binding protein in cystic fibrosis - a clue to the biochemical defect","volume":"174","author":"Shori, D.K.; Bradbury, N.A.; Goodchild, M.C.; Dormer, R.L.; McPherson, M.A.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Shori DK, Bradbury NA, Goodchild MC, Dormer RL, McPherson MA. An altered calmodulin binding protein in cystic fibrosis - a clue to the biochemical defect. Clin Chim Acta 1988; 174: 283-9.","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"39","article-title":"Assay of calmodulin by Ca2+-dependent phosphodiesterase","volume-title":"Methods in enzymology. Vol 102","author":"Wallace, R.W.; Tallant, E.A.; Cheung, W.Y.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Wallace RW, Tallant EA, Cheung WY. Assay of calmodulin by Ca2+-dependent phosphodiesterase. In: Means AR, O'Malley B, eds. Methods in enzymology. Vol 102. New York: Academic Press, 1983: 39-47."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)52451-6","article-title":"Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent","volume":"193","author":"Lowry, O.H.; Rosebrough, N.J.; Farr, A.L.; Randall, R.J.","year":"1951","unstructured":"Lowry OH, Rosebrough NJ, Farr AL, Randall RJ. Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. J Biol Chem 1951; 193: 265-75.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1038\/227680a0","article-title":"Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4","volume":"227","author":"Laemmli, U.K.","year":"1970","unstructured":"Laemmli UK. Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature 1970; 227: 680-5.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1002\/elps.1150060302","article-title":"Simplified method for silver staining of proteins in polyacrylamide gels and the mechanism of silver staining","volume":"6","author":"Heukeshoven, J.; Dernick, R.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Heukeshoven J, Dernick R. Simplified method for silver staining of proteins in polyacrylamide gels and the mechanism of silver staining. Electrophoresis 1985; 6: 103-12.","journal-title":"Electrophoresis"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1002\/elps.1150050508","article-title":"Selective detection of calmodulin in polyacrylamide gels by double staining with Coomassie Blue and silver","volume":"5","author":"Rochette-Egly, C.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Rochette-Egly C. Selective detection of calmodulin in polyacrylamide gels by double staining with Coomassie Blue and silver. Electrophoresis 1984; 5: 285-8.","journal-title":"Electrophoresis"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01114895","article-title":"Evidence that calmodulin may be involved in phytohaemagglutininstimulated lymphocyte division","volume":"2","author":"MacNeil, S.; Walker, S.; Brown, B.L.; Tomlinson, S.","year":"1982","unstructured":"MacNeil S, Walker S, Brown BL, Tomlinson S. Evidence that calmodulin may be involved in phytohaemagglutininstimulated lymphocyte division. Biosci Rep 1982; 2: 891-7.","journal-title":"Biosci Rep"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5248","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.80.17.5248","article-title":"Calcium\/calmodulin inhibition of coupled NaCl transport in membrane vesicles from rabbit ileal brush border","volume":"80","author":"Fan, C.-C.; Powell, D.W.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Fan C-C, Powell DW. Calcium\/calmodulin inhibition of coupled NaCl transport in membrane vesicles from rabbit ileal brush border. Proc Natl Acad Sci 1983; 80: 5248-52.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"issue":"19","key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9932","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)68719-3","article-title":"Calmodulin-regulated, ATPdriven calcium transport by basolateral membranes of rat small intestine","volume":"256","author":"Nellans, H.N.; Popovitch, J.E.","year":"1981","unstructured":"Nellans HN, Popovitch JE. Calmodulin-regulated, ATPdriven calcium transport by basolateral membranes of rat small intestine. J Biol Chem 1981; 256: 19: 9932-6.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"482","article-title":"Characterization of calcium transport by basolateral membrane vesicles of human small intestine","volume":"255","author":"Kikuchi, K.; Kikuchi, T.; Ghisan, F.K.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Kikuchi K, Kikuchi T, Ghisan FK. Characterization of calcium transport by basolateral membrane vesicles of human small intestine. AmJ7 Physiol 1988; 255: G482-9.","journal-title":"AmJ7 Physiol"},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"21","article-title":"Calcium and calmodulin in cell growth and transformation","volume":"738","author":"Ml, Veigl; TC, Vanaman; WD, Sedwick","year":"1984","unstructured":"Veigl Ml, Vanaman TC, Sedwick WD. Calcium and calmodulin in cell growth and transformation. Biochim Biophys Acta 1984; 738: 21-48.","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.28.7.878","article-title":"Distribution of the 10000 molecular weight calcium binding protein along the small and large intestine of man","volume":"28","author":"Staun, M.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Staun M. Distribution of the 10000 molecular weight calcium binding protein along the small and large intestine of man. Gut 1987; 28: 878-82.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"107","article-title":"Molecular aspects of the intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphorus","volume-title":"diseases related to calcium","author":"Wasserman, R.H.","year":"1980","unstructured":"Wasserman RH. Molecular aspects of the intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphorus. In: DeLuca HF, Anast CS, eds. Paediatric diseases related to calcium. New York: Elsevier, 1980: 107-32."},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"827","article-title":"Measurement of the 10000 molecular weight calcium-binding protein in small intestinal biopsy specimens from patients with malabsorption syndromes","volume":"23","author":"Staun, M.; Jarnum, S.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Staun M, Jarnum S. Measurement of the 10000 molecular weight calcium-binding protein in small intestinal biopsy specimens from patients with malabsorption syndromes. ScandJ7 Gastroenterol 1988; 23: 827-32."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.29.5.571","article-title":"Calmodulin in normal and cystic fibrosis intestine at different developmental stages","volume":"29","author":"Rochette-Egly, C.; Lacroix, B.; Pfleiger, H.; Doffoel, M.; Kedinger, M.; Haffen, K.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Rochette-Egly C, Lacroix B, Pfleiger H, Doffoel M, Kedinger M, Haffen K. Calmodulin in normal and cystic fibrosis intestine at different developmental stages. Gut 1988; 29: 571-9.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(81)80329-8","article-title":"Intestinal calmodulin and calcium binding protein differ in their distribution and in the effect of vitamin D steroids on their concentration","volume":"127","year":"1981","unstructured":"Thomasett M, Molla A, Parkes 0, Demaille JG. Intestinal calmodulin and calcium binding protein differ in their distribution and in the effect of vitamin D steroids on their concentration. FEBS Letts 1981; 127: 13-6.","journal-title":"FEBS Letts"}],"container-title":["Gut"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/gut.33.3.303","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]],"date-time":"2025-12-13T17:24:27Z","timestamp":1765646667000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/gut.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/gut.33.3.303"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1992,3]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1992,3,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/gut.33.3.303"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/gut.33.3.303","relation":{},"ISSN":["0017-5749","1468-3288"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0017-5749"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1468-3288"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1992,3]]}}}