{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:35:43Z","timestamp":1787016943355,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gut"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Vitamin A status was examined in nine adult cystic fibrosis patients and six adult control subjects, together with an assessment of their ability to absorb 10,000 IU of retinyl palmitate from a test meal, taken with appropriate pancreatic enzyme supplements. Median baseline values for plasma retinol and carotene, as well as median serum retinol binding protein concentrations, were significantly lower in cystic fibrosis patients than in control subjects. One cystic fibrosis patient had a raised fasting plasma retinyl ester concentration suggestive of chronic hypervitaminosis A, but no symptoms of toxicity. Measures of vitamin A absorption were also significantly lower in cystic fibrosis patients, although there was considerable overlap with control values. No correlation was observed between measures of baseline status and vitamin A absorption. Measurement of plasma retinyl esters may be an appropriate investigation in those patients considered to be at risk of chronic hypervitaminosis A.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.33.5.707","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,18]],"date-time":"2007-09-18T17:41:31Z","timestamp":1190137291000},"page":"707-710","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Vitamin A absorption in cystic fibrosis: risk of hypervitaminosis A."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"D R","family":"James","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G","family":"Owen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I A","family":"Campbell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M C","family":"Goodchild","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1992,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1399","article-title":"Pathogenesis ofcystic fibrosis of the pancreas. New EnglJ'","volume":"277","author":"PA, Di Sant Agnese; RC, Talamo","year":"1967","unstructured":"Di Sant Agnese PA, Talamo RC. Pathogenesis ofcystic fibrosis of the pancreas. New EnglJ' Med 1967; 277: 1399-408.","journal-title":"Med"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"12","article-title":"Cystic fibrosis. Manual of diagnosis and management","author":"Goodchild, M.C.; Dodge, J.A.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Goodchild MC, Dodge JA. Cystic fibrosis. Manual of diagnosis and management. 2nd ed. Eastbourne, Bailliere Tindall. 1985: 12-5.","edition":"2nd ed"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.56.9.708","article-title":"Vitamin status in treated patients with cystic fibrosis","volume":"56","author":"Congden, P.J.; Bruce, G.; Rothburn, M.M.; Clarke, P.C.N.; Littlewood, J.M.; Kelleher, J.","year":"1981","unstructured":"Congden PJ, Bruce G, Rothburn MM, Clarke PCN, Littlewood JM, Kelleher J, et al. Vitamin status in treated patients with cystic fibrosis. Arch Dis Child 1981; 56: 708-14.","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"26","article-title":"Blood and liver concentrations of vitamins A and E in children with Cystic Fibrosis","volume":"6","author":"Underwood, B.A.; Denning, C.R.","year":"1972","unstructured":"Underwood BA, Denning CR. Blood and liver concentrations of vitamins A and E in children with Cystic Fibrosis. PaediatrRes 1972; 6: 26-31.","journal-title":"PaediatrRes"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00443512","article-title":"retinolbindendes protein und praealbumin in serum von patienten mit cystischer fibrose","volume":"119","author":"Knoepfler, G.; Rotthauwe, H.W.; Vitamin, Odenthal A.; A, carotin","year":"1975","unstructured":"Knoepfler G, Rotthauwe HW, Odenthal A. Vitamin A, carotin, retinolbindendes protein und praealbumin in serum von patienten mit cystischer fibrose. Z Kinderheilkunde 1975; 119: 279-91.","journal-title":"Z Kinderheilkunde"},{"issue":"265","key":"ref_6","first-page":"369","article-title":"Vitamin A intoxication in adults. Report of a case with a summary of the literature","volume":"1961","author":"Stimtson, W.H.","unstructured":"Stimtson WH. Vitamin A intoxication in adults. Report of a case with a summary of the literature. N Engli] Med 1961; 265: 369-73.","journal-title":"N Engli] Med"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197408292910903","article-title":"Hepatic injury from chronic hypervitaminosis A resulting in portal hypertension and ascites","volume":"291","author":"Russell, R.M.; Boyer, J.L.; Bagheri, S.A.; Hruban, Z.","year":"1974","unstructured":"Russell RM, Boyer JL, Bagheri SA, Hruban Z. Hepatic injury from chronic hypervitaminosis A resulting in portal hypertension and ascites. N Engli] Med 1974; 291: 435-40.","journal-title":"N Engli] Med"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840080237","article-title":"Hypervitaminosis A: a liver lover's lament","volume":"8","author":"Leo, M.A.; Lieber, C.S.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Leo MA, Lieber CS. Hypervitaminosis A: a liver lover's lament. Hepatology 1988; 8: 412-7.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"112","article-title":"Relationship of vitamin A and vitamin E intake to fasting plasma retinol, retinol-binding protein, retinyl esters, carotene, a-tocopherol; and cholesterol among elderly people and young adults: increased plasma retinyl esters among vitamin A supplement users. Am]7 Clin Nutr","volume":"49","author":"Krasinski, S.D.; Russell, R.M.; Otradovec, C.L.; Sadowski, J.A.; Hartz, S.E.; Jacob, R.A.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Krasinski SD, Russell RM, Otradovec CL, Sadowski JA, Hartz SE, Jacob RA, et al. Relationship of vitamin A and vitamin E intake to fasting plasma retinol, retinol-binding protein, retinyl esters, carotene, a-tocopherol; and cholesterol among elderly people and young adults: increased plasma retinyl esters among vitamin A supplement users. Am]7 Clin Nutr 1989; 49: 112-20."},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"50","article-title":"Guide to drug therapy in patients with cystic fibrosis. The Cystic Fibrosis Foundation","year":"1972","unstructured":"Guide to drug therapy in patients with cystic fibrosis. The Cystic Fibrosis Foundation. 1972: 50-2."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1177\/000992287601500909","article-title":"Absorption of vitamin A in patients with cystic fibrosis","volume":"15","author":"Warwick, W.J.; Hausen, L.G.; Sharp, H.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Warwick WJ, Hausen LG, Sharp H. Absorption of vitamin A in patients with cystic fibrosis. Clin Pediatr 1976; 15: 807-10.","journal-title":"Clin Pediatr"},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"338","article-title":"Vitamin A in animal and human nutrition","author":"Underwood, B.A.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Underwood BA. Vitamin A in animal and human nutrition. In: Spom MB, Roberts AB, Goodman DS, eds. The retinoids. Vol 1. London: Academic Press, 1984: 338-42."},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"363","article-title":"New aspects of the tolerance of retinol in humans","volume":"45","author":"Koerner, W.F.; Voelim, J.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Koerner WF, Voelim J. New aspects of the tolerance of retinol in humans. Intl Vitam Nutr 1975; 45: 363-72.","journal-title":"Intl Vitam Nutr"},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"693","article-title":"Liquid chromatographic assay for retinol (vitamin A) and retinol analogues in therapeutic trials","volume":"28","author":"McClean, S.W.; Warwick, W.J.; Ruddell, M.E.; Gross, E.G.; De Giovanna, J.J.; Pack, G.L.","year":"1982","unstructured":"McClean SW, Warwick WJ, Ruddell ME, Gross EG, De Giovanna JJ, Pack GL. Liquid chromatographic assay for retinol (vitamin A) and retinol analogues in therapeutic trials. Clin Chim Acta 1982; 28: 693-14.","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"2143","article-title":"Simultaneous determination of a-tocopherol and retinol in plasma or red cells by high pressure liquid chromatography. Am]7 Clin Nutr","volume":"32","author":"Bieri, J.G.; Tolliver, T.J.; Catignani, G.L.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Bieri JG, Tolliver TJ, Catignani GL. Simultaneous determination of a-tocopherol and retinol in plasma or red cells by high pressure liquid chromatography. Am]7 Clin Nutr 1979; 32: 2143-9."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/32.1.35","article-title":"Determination of retinyl esters and retinol in serum or plasma by normalphase liquid chromatography: method and applications","volume":"32","author":"Bankson, D.D.; Russell, R.M.; Sadowski, J.A.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Bankson DD, Russell RM, Sadowski JA. Determination of retinyl esters and retinol in serum or plasma by normalphase liquid chromatography: method and applications. Clin Chem 1986; 32: 35-40.","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"895","article-title":"Varley's practical clinical chemistry","author":"AHIn, Gowenlock","year":"1988","unstructured":"Gowenlock AH, ed. In: Varley's practical clinical chemistry. 6th ed. London, Heineman. 1988: 895-9.","edition":"6th ed"},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"449","article-title":"Intestinal absorption of vitamin","volume":"97","author":"Hollander, D.","year":"1981","unstructured":"Hollander D. Intestinal absorption of vitamin A, E, D and K. JLab Clin Med 1981; 97: 449-62.","journal-title":"JLab Clin Med"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1097\/00005176-198605000-00011","article-title":"Intestinal retinol esterification of serum retinol in children with cystic fibrosis","volume":"5","author":"Rasmussen, M.; Michaelson, H.; Lie, S.O.; Nilsson, A.; Petersen, L.B.; Norum, K.R.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Rasmussen M, Michaelson H, Lie SO, Nilsson A, Petersen LB, Norum KR. Intestinal retinol esterification of serum retinol in children with cystic fibrosis. ] Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1986; 5: 397-403.","journal-title":"Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)39309-3","article-title":"Tissue distribution and metabolism of newly absorbed vitamin A in the rat","volume":"6","author":"Goodman, D.S.; Huang, H.S.; Shiratori, T.","year":"1965","unstructured":"Goodman DS, Huang HS, Shiratori T. Tissue distribution and metabolism of newly absorbed vitamin A in the rat. ] Lipid Res 1965; 6: 390-6.","journal-title":"Lipid Res"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.65.6.589","article-title":"Excessive faecal losses of vitamin A (retinol) in cystic fibrosis","volume":"65","author":"Ahmed, F.; Ellis, J.; Murphy, J.; Wootton, S.; Jackson, A.A.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Ahmed F, Ellis J, Murphy J, Wootton S, Jackson AA. Excessive faecal losses of vitamin A (retinol) in cystic fibrosis. Arch Dis Child 1990; 65: 589-93.","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197604082941503","article-title":"Vitamin A transport in human vitamin A toxicity","volume":"294","author":"Smith, F.R.; Goodman, D.S.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Smith FR, Goodman DS. Vitamin A transport in human vitamin A toxicity. N EnglI] Med 1976; 294: 805-8.","journal-title":"N EnglI] Med"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1097\/00005176-198311000-00023","article-title":"Case report: unusual presentation of vitamin A intoxication","volume":"2","author":"Schurr, D.; Herbert, J.; Habibi, E.; Abrahamov, A.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Schurr D, Herbert J, Habibi E, Abrahamov A. Case report: unusual presentation of vitamin A intoxication. ] Paediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1983; 2: 705-7.","journal-title":"Paediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1637","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0028-1105550","article-title":"Kleinotige Leberzirorrhose mit ausgeprater portaler hypertension als Folge einer Vitamin-A Intoxication bei PsoriasisBehandlung","volume":"102","author":"Fleischmann, R.; Schlote, W.; Schomerus, H.; Wolburg, H.; Castrillon-Oberndoffer, W.L.; Hoensch, H.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Fleischmann R, Schlote W, Schomerus H, Wolburg H, Castrillon-Oberndoffer WL, Hoensch H. Kleinotige Leberzirorrhose mit ausgeprater portaler hypertension als Folge einer Vitamin-A Intoxication bei PsoriasisBehandlung. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 1977; 102: 1637-40.","journal-title":"Dtsch Med Wochenschr"},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"838","article-title":"Fatal hypervitaminosis in neonate","volume":"108","author":"Bush, M.E.; Dahms, B.B.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Bush ME, Dahms BB. Fatal hypervitaminosis in neonate. Arch Pathol Lab Med 1984; 108: 838-42.","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"1099","article-title":"Chronic hypervitaminosis A","volume":"35","author":"Eaton, M.L.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Eaton ML. Chronic hypervitaminosis A. Am ] Hosp Pharm 1978; 35: 1099-102.","journal-title":"Am"},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"507","article-title":"Severe hypervitaminosis A in siblings: Evidence of variable tolerance to retinoid intake","volume":"111","author":"Carpenter, T.O.; Pettifor, J.M.; Russell, R.M.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Carpenter TO, Pettifor JM, Russell RM, et al. Severe hypervitaminosis A in siblings: Evidence of variable tolerance to retinoid intake. IPaediatr 1987; 111: 507-12.","journal-title":"IPaediatr"},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"194","article-title":"Hepatotoxicity of moderate vitamin A supplementation","volume-title":"the rat. Gastroenterology","volume":"82","author":"Leo, M.A.; Arai Sato, M.; Lieber, C.S.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Leo MA, Arai Sato M, Lieber CS. Hepatotoxicity of moderate vitamin A supplementation in the rat. Gastroenterology 1982; 82: 194-205."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(82)90132-9","article-title":"Reversible hepatoxicity of moderate vitamin A accumulation in a protein deficient patient","volume":"82","author":"FL, Jr, Weber; GE, Jr, Mitchell; DE, Powell; BJ, Peiser; JG, Banwell","year":"1982","unstructured":"Weber FL Jr, Mitchell GE Jr, Powell DE, Peiser BJ, Banwell JG. Reversible hepatoxicity of moderate vitamin A accumulation in a protein deficient patient. Gastroenterology 1982; 82: 118-23.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"2256","article-title":"Protective effect of taurine, zinc and tocopherol on retinol-induced damage in human lymphoblastoid cells.]7 Nutr","volume":"114","author":"Pasantes-Morales, H.; Wright, C.E.; Gaull, G.E.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Pasantes-Morales H, Wright CE, Gaull GE. Protective effect of taurine, zinc and tocopherol on retinol-induced damage in human lymphoblastoid cells.]7 Nutr 1984; 114: 2256-61."},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"180","article-title":"Metabolism of retinolbinding protein and vitamin A during hypervitaminosis A in the rat","volume-title":"L ipid Res","volume":"16","author":"Mallia, A.K.; Smith, J.E.; Goodman, D.S.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Mallia AK, Smith JE, Goodman DS. Metabolism of retinolbinding protein and vitamin A during hypervitaminosis A in the rat. ] L ipid Res 1975; 16: 180-8."}],"container-title":["Gut"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/gut.33.5.707","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]],"date-time":"2025-12-13T09:45:45Z","timestamp":1765619145000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/gut.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/gut.33.5.707"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1992,5]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1992,5,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/gut.33.5.707"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/gut.33.5.707","relation":{},"ISSN":["0017-5749","1468-3288"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0017-5749","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-3288","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1992,5]]}}}