{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T14:19:12Z","timestamp":1792419552645,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gut"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Biliary sludge may be a precursor of gall stones in man. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of biliary sludge in a prospective study of 36 patients admitted to the intensive care unit for longer than two days. The presence of biliary sludge was determined by ultrasonography. Biliary sludge developed in 17 patients (47%), after a mean of 5.5 days in the intensive care unit. Patients who developed biliary sludge spent longer in the intensive care unit (14.2 d (1.3)), compared with patients who did not (8.3 d (1.4)); (p = 0.003). Ten of the patients with biliary sludge had a recognised risk factor: total parenteral nutrition (five), abdominal surgery (two), or both (three). All neurosurgical patients (four) who required total parenteral nutrition developed biliary sludge. Seven patients with biliary sludge had no previously recognised risk factor, five of whom had severe head trauma or neurosurgery. In conclusion, biliary sludge develops frequently and rapidly in patients admitted to an intensive care unit. Neurosurgical procedures are associated with biliary sludge formation. (Sludge is commonly associated with the development of cholestatic liver biochemistry.)<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.33.8.1123","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,18]],"date-time":"2007-09-18T17:41:31Z","timestamp":1190137291000},"page":"1123-1125","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Development of biliary sludge in patients on intensive care unit: results of a prospective ultrasonographic study."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"F E","family":"Murray","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S J","family":"Stinchcombe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C J","family":"Hawkey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1992,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.132.6.967","article-title":"Significance of low level echoes in the gallbladder","volume":"132","author":"Conrad, M.R.; Jones, R.O.; Dietchy, J.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Conrad MR, Jones RO, Dietchy J. Significance of low level echoes in the gallbladder. Am J Roentgenol 1979; 132: 967-72.","journal-title":"Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(86)91123-6","article-title":"Nature and composition of biliarv sludge","volume":"90","author":"Lee, S.P.; Nicholls, J.F.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Lee SP, Nicholls JF. Nature and composition of biliarv sludge. Gastroenterology 1986; 90: 677-86.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(88)90626-9","article-title":"Origin and fate of biliarv sludge","volume":"94","author":"Lee, S.P.; Maher, K.; Nicholls, J.F.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Lee SP, Maher K, Nicholls JF. Origin and fate of biliarv sludge. Gastroenterology 1988; 94: 170-6.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"1012","article-title":"Does total parenteral nutrition induce gallbladder sludge","volume-title":"formation and lithiasis. Gastroenterology 1983; 84","author":"Messing, B.; Bories, C.; Kunstlinger, F.; Bernier, J.J.","unstructured":"Messing B, Bories C, Kunstlinger F, Bernier JJ. Does total parenteral nutrition induce gallbladder sludge formation and lithiasis. Gastroenterology 1983; 84: 1012-9."},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"122","article-title":"Sonography of the gallbladder in bone marrow transplant patients","volume":"79","author":"Frick, M.P.; Snover, D.C.; Feinberg, S.B.; Salomonowitz, E.; Crass, JR, Ramsay; N.K.C.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Frick MP, Snover DC, Feinberg SB, Salomonowitz E, Crass JR, Ramsay NKC. Sonography of the gallbladder in bone marrow transplant patients. Am J Gastroenterol 1984; 79: 122-7.","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(87)80576-7","article-title":"Sludge and stones in gallbladder after pregnancy","volume":"5","author":"Maringhini, A.; Marceno, M.P.; Lanzarone, F.; Caltagirone, M.; Fusco, G.; Di Cuonzo, G.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Maringhini A, Marceno MP, Lanzarone F, Caltagirone M, Fusco G, Di Cuonzo G, et al. Sludge and stones in gallbladder after pregnancy. J Hepatol 1987; 5: 218-22.","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.1989.8.5.247","article-title":"Hepatic and biliary tract abnormalities in patients with AIDS","volume":"8","author":"Grumbach, K.; Coleman, B.G.; Gal, A.A.; Arger, P.H.; Mintz, M.C.; Arenson, R.L.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Grumbach K, Coleman BG, Gal AA, Arger PH, Mintz MC, Arenson RL, et al. Hepatic and biliary tract abnormalities in patients with AIDS. J Ultrasound Med 1989; 8: 247-54.","journal-title":"J Ultrasound Med"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.26.7.734","article-title":"Gallbladder sludge formation during prolonged fasting after gastrointestinal tract surgery","volume":"26","author":"Bolondi, L.; Gaini, S.; Testa, S.; Labo, G.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Bolondi L, Gaini S, Testa S, Labo G. Gallbladder sludge formation during prolonged fasting after gastrointestinal tract surgery. Gut 1985; 26: 734-8.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"25","article-title":"Cholecystokinin prevents parenteral nutrition induced biliary sludge in humans","volume":"170","author":"Sitzmann, J.V.; Pitt, H.A.; Steinborn, P.A.; Pasha, Z.R.; Sanders, R.C.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Sitzmann JV, Pitt HA, Steinborn PA, Pasha ZR, Sanders RC. 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Science 1981-;211: 1429-31.","journal-title":"Science"}],"container-title":["Gut"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/gut.33.8.1123","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]],"date-time":"2025-12-13T14:15:03Z","timestamp":1765635303000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/gut.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/gut.33.8.1123"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1992,8]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1992,8,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/gut.33.8.1123"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/gut.33.8.1123","relation":{},"ISSN":["0017-5749","1468-3288"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0017-5749","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-3288","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1992,8]]}}}