{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T18:27:31Z","timestamp":1763749651300,"version":"3.45.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gut"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A controlled, randomised study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of treatment with heater probe in the prevention of rebleeding from peptic ulcer with a non-bleeding visible vessel. One hundred and one patients were randomised into two groups: patients to be treated by heater probe (n = 51) and controls without active treatment (n = 50). In the heater probe group rebleeding occurred in five patients (10%) v 13 (26%) in the control group (p = 0.03), with a comparative risk of 0.38 in favour of the heater probe group. The difference in proportions of successful treatment for each group was 16.2% in favour of the heater probe (95% CI = 2 to 31%). Haemorrhage directly related to heater probe treatment occurred in four patients. In three of them bleeding was easily controlled by further heater probe pulses. There were no other complications and no death in the heater probe group. One patient in the control group died of pulmonary embolism. No significant differences in the length of stay in hospital, blood transfusions, surgical rates, or death were found; the design of the study, however, precluded an adequate assessment of these variables, because the heater probe was an optional rescue treatment when high surgical risk patients rebled. These results suggest that the heater probe is an effective and safe procedure in the prevention of recurrent haemorrhage in peptic ulcer with a non-bleeding visible vessel.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.34.11.1502","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,18]],"date-time":"2007-09-18T17:41:31Z","timestamp":1190137291000},"page":"1502-1506","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Efficacy of the heater probe in peptic ulcer with a non-bleeding visible vessel. A controlled, randomised study."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"J L","family":"Jaramillo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Carmona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C","family":"G\u00e1lvez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M","family":"de la Mata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G","family":"Mi\u00f1o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1993,11,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"144","key":"ref_1","first-page":"51","article-title":"OMGE International Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding Survey, 1978-1986","volume":"23","author":"Morgan, A.G.; Clamp, S.E.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Morgan AG, Clamp SE. OMGE International Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding Survey, 1978-1986. Scand J Gastroenterol 1988; 23 (suppl 144): 51-8.","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"1209","article-title":"Endoscopic prediction on major rebleeding. A prospective study stigmata of hemorrhage","volume-title":"bleeding ulcer. Gastroenterology 1985; 88","author":"Wara, P.","unstructured":"Wara P. Endoscopic prediction on major rebleeding. A prospective study stigmata of hemorrhage in bleeding ulcer. Gastroenterology 1985; 88: 1209-14."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"1113","article-title":"Controlled trial of Nd-YAG laser photocoagulation in bleeding peptic ulcer","volume":"i:","author":"Swain, C.P.; Kirkham, J.S.; Salmon, P.R.; Bown, S.G.; Northfield, T.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Swain CP, Kirkham JS, Salmon PR, Bown SG, Northfield T. Controlled trial of Nd-YAG laser photocoagulation in bleeding peptic ulcer. Lancet 1986; i: 1113-6.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.31.7.753","article-title":"Heat probe thermocoagulation and pure alcohol injection in massive peptic ulcer haemorrhage: a prospective, randomised controlled trial","volume":"31","author":"Lin, H.J.; Lee, F.Y.; Kang, W.M.; Tsai, Y.T.; Lee, S.D.; Lee, C.H.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Lin HJ, Lee FY, Kang WM, Tsai YT, Lee SD, Lee CH. Heat probe thermocoagulation and pure alcohol injection in massive peptic ulcer haemorrhage: a prospective, randomised controlled trial. Gut 1990; 31: 753-7.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5107(90)71015-2","article-title":"A controlled study of therapeutic endoscopy for peptic ulcer with non-bleeding visible vessel","volume":"36","author":"Lin, H.J.; Lee, F.Y.; Kang, W.M.; Tsai, Y.T.; Lee, S.D.; Lee, C.H.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Lin HJ, Lee FY, Kang WM, Tsai YT, Lee SD, Lee CH. A controlled study of therapeutic endoscopy for peptic ulcer with non-bleeding visible vessel. Gastrointest Endosc 1990; 36: 241-6.","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(90)90339-3","article-title":"Randomized comparison of Nd-YAG laser, heater probe, and no endoscopic therapy for bleeding peptic ulcers","volume":"98","author":"Matthewson, K.; Swain, C.P.; Bland, M.; Kirkham, J.S.; Bown, S.G.; Northfield, T.C.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Matthewson K, Swain CP, Bland M, Kirkham JS, Bown SG, Northfield TC. Randomized comparison of Nd-YAG laser, heater probe, and no endoscopic therapy for bleeding peptic ulcers. Gastroenterology 1990; 98: 1239-44.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(82)80337-5","article-title":"Controlled trial of YAG laser treatment of upper digestive hemorrhage","volume":"83","author":"Rutgeerts, P.; Vantrappen, G.; Broeckaert, L.; Janssens, J.; Coremans, G.; Geboes, K.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Rutgeerts P, Vantrappen G, Broeckaert L, Janssens J, Coremans G, Geboes K, et al. Controlled trial of YAG laser treatment of upper digestive hemorrhage. Gastroenterology 1982; 83:410-6.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"9","article-title":"Laser photocoagulation. Results of a randomised controlled trial","volume":"18","author":"Salmon, P.R.; Swain, C.P.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Salmon PR, Swain CP. Laser photocoagulation. Results of a randomised controlled trial. Endoscopy 1986; 18 (suppi 2): 9 Lamne L. Multipolar electrocoagulation in the treatment of active upper gastrointestinal tract hemorrhage. N Engi JTMed 1987; 316: 1613-7.","journal-title":"Endoscopy; Lamne L. Multipolar electrocoagulation in the treatment of active upper gastrointestinal tract hemorrhage"},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"494","article-title":"Endoscopic hemostasis. An effective therapy for bleeding peptic ulcers","volume":"264","author":"Sacks, H.S.; Chalmers, T.C.; Blum, A.L.; Berrier, J.; Pagano, D.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Sacks HS, Chalmers TC, Blum AL, Berrier J, Pagano D. Endoscopic hemostasis. An effective therapy for bleeding peptic ulcers.J3AMA 1990; 264: 494-9."},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"580","article-title":"Hemostase endoscopique des hemorragies ulcereuses gastroduodenales","volume":"15","author":"Mory, B.; Poinard, T.; Chaput, J.C.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Naveau 5, Perrier C, Mory B, Poinard T, Chaput JC. Hemostase endoscopique des hemorragies ulcereuses gastroduodenales. Gastroenterol Clin Biol 1991; 15: 580-97.","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Clin Biol"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(86)92928-4","article-title":"Controlled trial of small bipolar probe in bleeding peptic ulcer","volume":"i:","author":"O'Brien, J.D.; Day, S.J.; Burnham, W.R.","year":"1986","unstructured":"O'Brien JD, Day SJ, Burnham WR. Controlled trial of small bipolar probe in bleeding peptic ulcer. Lancet 1986; i: 464-7.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"1292","article-title":"Controlled trial of endoscopic sclerosis in bleeding peptic ulcers","volume":"ii:","author":"Panes, J.; Viver, J.; Forne, M.; Garcia-Olivares, E.; Marco, C.; Garau, J.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Panes J, Viver J, Forne M, Garcia-Olivares E, Marco C, Garau J. Controlled trial of endoscopic sclerosis in bleeding peptic ulcers. Lancet 1987; ii: 1292-4.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-110-7-510","article-title":"Multipolar electrocoagulation in the treatment of peptic ulcer with nonbleeding visible vessel","volume":"110","author":"Laine, L.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Laine L. Multipolar electrocoagulation in the treatment of peptic ulcer with nonbleeding visible vessel. Ann Intern Med 1989; 110: 510-4.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1012899","article-title":"The effect of endoscopic hemostasis with alcohol on the mortality rate of nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage. A randomized prospective study","volume":"21","author":"Pascu 0, Draghici A, Acalovchi I","year":"1989","unstructured":"Pascu 0, Draghici A, Acalovchi I. The effect of endoscopic hemostasis with alcohol on the mortality rate of nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage. A randomized prospective study. Endoscopy 1989; 21: 53-5.","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"1164","article-title":"Comparison of endoscopic polidocanol injection and YAG laser therapy for bleeding peptic ulcer","volume":"i:","author":"Rutgeerts, P.; Vantrappen, G.; Broeckaert, L.; Coremans, G.; Janssens, J.; Hiele, M.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Rutgeerts P, Vantrappen G, Broeckaert L, Coremans G, Janssens J, Hiele M. Comparison of endoscopic polidocanol injection and YAG laser therapy for bleeding peptic ulcer. Lancet 1989; i: 1164-7.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.32.7.727","article-title":"Endoscopic injection sclerosis: effective treatment for bleeding peptic ulcer","volume":"32","author":"Raigopel, C.; Palmer, K.R.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Raigopel C, Palmer KR. Endoscopic injection sclerosis: effective treatment for bleeding peptic ulcer. Gut 1991; 32: 727-9.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.22.3.228","article-title":"Salord Oses JC. Randomised trial of endoscopic argon laser photocoagulation in bleeding peptic ulcers","volume":"22","author":"Valon, A.G.; Cotton, P.B.; Laurence, B.H.; Miro, JR, Armengol","year":"1981","unstructured":"Valon AG, Cotton PB, Laurence BH, Armengol Miro JR, Salord Oses JC. Randomised trial of endoscopic argon laser photocoagulation in bleeding peptic ulcers. Gut 1981; 22: 228-33.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800711128","article-title":"A controlled trial of bipolar electrocoagulation in patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding","volume":"71","author":"Kernoan, R.M.; Anderson, JR, McKelvey; STD, Kennedy; T.L.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Kernoan RM, Anderson JR, McKelvey STD, Kennedy TL. A controlled trial of bipolar electrocoagulation in patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding. BrJ Surg 1984; 71: 889-91.","journal-title":"BrJ Surg"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1018269","article-title":"Perendoscopic bipolar diatermy coagulation of visible vessels using a 3-2 mm probe. A randomised clinical trial","volume":"19","author":"Brearley, S.; Hawker, P.C.; Dykes, P.W.; Keighley, M.R.B.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Brearley S, Hawker PC, Dykes PW, Keighley MRB. Perendoscopic bipolar diatermy coagulation of visible vessels using a 3-2 mm probe. A randomised clinical trial. Endoscopy 1987; 19:160-3.","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1618","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198706253162602","article-title":"Laser photocoagulation for the treatment of acute peptic-ulcer bleeding. A randomized controlled clinical trial","volume":"316","author":"Kreis, G.J.; Little, K.H.; Westergaard, H.; Hamilton, J.K.; Polter, D.E.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Kreis GJ, Little KH, Westergaard H, Hamilton JK, Polter DE. Laser photocoagulation for the treatment of acute peptic-ulcer bleeding. A randomized controlled clinical trial. NEnglJrMed 1987; 316: 1618-21.","journal-title":"NEnglJrMed"},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"283","article-title":"A prospective randomized trial of heat probe thermocoagulation versus pure alcohol injection in nonvariceal peptic ulcer hemorrhage","volume":"83","author":"Lin, H.J.; Tsai, Y.T.; Lee, S.D.; Lai, K.H.; Lee, F.Y.; Lin, C.Y.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Lin HJ, Tsai YT, Lee SD, Lai KH, Lee FY, Lin CY, et al. A prospective randomized trial of heat probe thermocoagulation versus pure alcohol injection in nonvariceal peptic ulcer hemorrhage. AmJr Gastroenterol 1988; 83: 283-6.","journal-title":"AmJr Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(91)90579-A","article-title":"Injection or heat probe for bleeding ulcer","volume":"100","author":"Chung, S.C.S.; Leung, J.W.C.; Sung, J.Y.; Lo, K.K.; Li, A.K.C.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Chung SCS, Leung JWC, Sung JY, Lo KK, Li AKC. Injection or heat probe for bleeding ulcer. Gastroenterology 1991; 100: 33-7.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5107(91)70719-0","article-title":"A randomized comparative study of laser photocoagulation, heater probe, and bipolar electrocoagulation in the treatment of actively bleeding ulcers","volume":"37","author":"Hui, W.M.; Ng, M.M.T.; Lok, A.S.F.; Lai, C.L.; Lau, Y.N.; Lam, S.K.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Hui WM, Ng MMT, Lok ASF, Lai CL, Lau YN, Lam SK. A randomized comparative study of laser photocoagulation, heater probe, and bipolar electrocoagulation in the treatment of actively bleeding ulcers. Gastrointest Endosc 1991; 37: 299-304.","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"541","article-title":"Controlled trial of heater probe treatment in bleeding peptic ulcers","volume-title":"BrJ3 Surg","volume":"76","author":"Fullarton, G.M.; Birnie, G.G.; Macdonald, A.; Murray, W.R.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Fullarton GM, Birnie GG, Macdonald A, Murray WR. Controlled trial of heater probe treatment in bleeding peptic ulcers. BrJ3 Surg 1989; 76: 541-4."},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"208","article-title":"Controlled, randomized study of heater probe and BICAP for hemostasis of severe ulcer bleeding","volume":"94","author":"Jensen, D.M.; Machicado, G.A.; Kovacs, T.O.G.; Van Deventer, G.; Randall, G.M.; Reedy, T.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Jensen DM, Machicado GA, Kovacs TOG, Van Deventer G, Randall GM, Reedy T, et al. Controlled, randomized study of heater probe and BICAP for hemostasis of severe ulcer bleeding. Gastroenterology 1988; 94: A208.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"41","article-title":"International Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding Survey 1978-1982. ScandJ7 Gastroenterol","volume":"95","author":"Morgan, A.G.; OMGE, Clamp S.E.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Morgan AG, Clamp SE. OMGE. International Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding Survey 1978-1982. ScandJ7 Gastroenterol 1984; 19 (suppl 95): 41-58."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(86)91113-3","article-title":"Nature of the bleeding vessel in recurrently bleeding gastric ulcer","volume":"90","author":"true","year":"1986","unstructured":"Swain CP, Storey DW, Bown SG, Heath J, Mills TN, Salmon PR, et al. Nature of the bleeding vessel in recurrently bleeding gastric ulcer. Gastroenterology 1986; 90: 595-608.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"16","article-title":"Endoscopic risk factors for bleeding peptic ulcer","volume":"36","author":"Johnston, J.H.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Johnston JH. Endoscopic risk factors for bleeding peptic ulcer. GastrointestEndosc 1990; 36: S16-20.","journal-title":"GastrointestEndosc"},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"401","article-title":"The visible vessel","volume":"86","author":"Papp, J.P.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Papp JP. The visible vessel. Am J Gastroenterol 1991; 86: 401-2.","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5107(85)72248-1","article-title":"Preliminary clinical experience with the heat probe at endoscopy in acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding","volume":"31","author":"Shorvon, P.J.; Leung, J.W.C.; Cotton, P.B.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Shorvon PJ, Leung JWC, Cotton PB. Preliminary clinical experience with the heat probe at endoscopy in acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Gastrointest Endosc 1985; 31: 364-6.","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1097\/00004836-198812000-00009","article-title":"Heater probe in massive peptic ulcer hemorrhage and shock","volume":"10","author":"Lin, H.J.; Tsai, Y.T.; Lee, S.D.; Lai, K.H.; Lee, F.Y.; Lin, C.Y.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Lin HJ, Tsai YT, Lee SD, Lai KH, Lee FY, Lin CY, et al. Heater probe in massive peptic ulcer hemorrhage and shock. J Clin Gastroenterol 1988; 10: 623-6.","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1018156","article-title":"Heat probe therapy for severe hemorrhage from a peptic ulcer with a visible vessel","volume":"20","author":"Lin, H.J.; Tsai, Y.T.; Lee, S.D.; Lai, K.H.; Lee, C.H.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Lin HJ, Tsai YT, Lee SD, Lai KH, Lee CH. Heat probe therapy for severe hemorrhage from a peptic ulcer with a visible vessel. Endoscopy 1988; 20: 131-3.","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"ref_33","first-page":"18","article-title":"Heat probe thermocoagulation as a substitute for surgical intervention to arrest massive peptic ulcer hemorrhage: an experience in 153 cases","volume":"108","author":"Lin, H.J.; Lee, F.Y.; Chan, C.Y.; Huang, Z.C.; Kang, W.M.; Lee, C.H.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Lin HJ, Lee FY, Chan CY, Huang ZC, Kang WM, Lee CH, et al. Heat probe thermocoagulation as a substitute for surgical intervention to arrest massive peptic ulcer hemorrhage: an experience in 153 cases. Surgery 1990; 108: 18-21.","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5107(85)72039-1","article-title":"Comparison of heater probe and YAG laser in endoscopic treatment of major bleeding from peptic ulcers","volume":"31","author":"Johnston, J.H.; Sones, J.Q.; Long, B.W.; Posey, E.L.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Johnston JH, Sones JQ, Long BW, Posey EL. Comparison of heater probe and YAG laser in endoscopic treatment of major bleeding from peptic ulcers. Gastrointest Endosc 1985; 31: 175-80.","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"ref_35","first-page":"62","article-title":"Consensus statement of therapeutic endoscopy and bleeding ulcers","volume":"26","year":"1990","unstructured":"Consensus statement of therapeutic endoscopy and bleeding ulcers. Gastrointest Endosc 1990; 26: S62-5.","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"ref_36","first-page":"258","article-title":"Randomizad comparison of endoscopic heater probe electrocoagulation (HP), injection of adrenalin (IA) and no endoscopic therapy (C) for bleeding peptic ulcer","volume":"96","author":"Avgerinos, A.; Rekoumis, G.; Argirakis, G.; Gouma, P.; Papadimitriou, N.; Karamanolis, D.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Avgerinos A, Rekoumis G, Argirakis G, Gouma P, Papadimitriou N, Karamanolis D. Randomizad comparison of endoscopic heater probe electrocoagulation (HP), injection of adrenalin (IA) and no endoscopic therapy (C) for bleeding peptic ulcer. Gastroenterology 1989; 96: A258.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_37","first-page":"74","article-title":"Meta-analysis","volume-title":"Data analysis for clinical medicine","author":"Chalmer, T.C.; Buyse, M.E.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Chalmer TC, Buyse ME. Meta-analysis. In: Chalmer TC, ed. Data analysis for clinical medicine. Rome: International University Press, 1988: 74-84."}],"container-title":["Gut"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/gut.34.11.1502","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T18:20:31Z","timestamp":1763749231000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/gut.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/gut.34.11.1502"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1993,11]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1993,11,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/gut.34.11.1502"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/gut.34.11.1502","relation":{},"ISSN":["0017-5749","1468-3288"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0017-5749"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1468-3288"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1993,11]]}}}