{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T18:34:31Z","timestamp":1772994871095,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gut"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In primary anorexia nervosa, gastric motility is often impaired and ensuing symptoms further discourage eating. Prokinetic agents have been shown to accelerate gastric emptying in affected patients. This study investigated whether emptying of a radiolabelled semisolid 1168 kJ meal and antral contractility were enhanced by intravenous erythromycin. Eight women and two men with anorexia nervosa (21-46 years, 50-75% of ideal body weight) received 200 mg erythromycin or placebo under crossover double blind conditions. Gastric emptying and antral contractility were recorded scintigraphically for 90 minutes. In addition, plasma motilin and pancreatic polypeptide concentrations were determined. With placebo, antral contractions were of regular 3 cycles\/minute frequency. With erythromycin, less frequent and partly arrhythmic long duration contractions set in and emptying was accelerated: after 90 minutes, the activity remaining in the stomach was markedly less than with placebo in all patients (Sign test, p &lt; 0.002). Basal motilin and pancreatic polypeptide concentrations were normal and showed a normal response to the meal in all patients. Motilin concentrations decreased slightly more and pancreatic polypeptide concentrations increased markedly more with erythromycin than with placebo, possibly because the meal reached the intestine earlier. In conclusion, erythromycin accelerated emptying markedly and in most patients induced an antral motor activity characterised by long duration contractions occurring at often irregular intervals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.34.2.166","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,18]],"date-time":"2007-09-18T17:41:31Z","timestamp":1190137291000},"page":"166-172","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Erythromycin effects on gastric emptying, antral motility and plasma motilin and pancreatic polypeptide concentrations in anorexia nervosa."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"G","family":"Stacher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T L","family":"Peeters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H","family":"Bergmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Wiesnagrotzki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Schneider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G V","family":"Granser-Vacariu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G","family":"Gaupmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Kugi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1993,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"688","article-title":"Erythromycin mimics exogenous motilin in gastrointestinal contractile activity in the dog","volume":"247","author":"Itoh, Z.; Nakaya, M.; Suzuki, T.; Arai, H.; Wakabayashi, K.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Itoh Z, Nakaya M, Suzuki T, Arai H, Wakabayashi K. Erythromycin mimics exogenous motilin in gastrointestinal contractile activity in the dog. Am J Physiol 1984; 247: G688-94.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01300701","article-title":"Erythromycin induces migrating motor complex in human gastrointestinal tract","volume":"31","author":"Tomomasa, T.; Kuroume, T.; Arai, H.; Wakabayashi, K.; Itoh, Z.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Tomomasa T, Kuroume T, Arai H, Wakabayashi K, Itoh Z. Erythromycin induces migrating motor complex in human gastrointestinal tract. Dig Dis Sci 1986; 31: 157-61.","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"469","article-title":"Erythromycin is a motilin receptor agonist","volume":"257","author":"Peeters, T.L.; Matthiis, G.; Depoortere, I.; Cachet, T.; Hoogmartens, J.; Vantrappen, G.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Peeters TL, Matthiis G, Depoortere I, Cachet T, Hoogmartens J, Vantrappen G. Erythromycin is a motilin receptor agonist. AmJ Physiol 1989; 257: G469-74.","journal-title":"AmJ Physiol"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1016\/0196-9781(90)90052-7","article-title":"The erythromycin derivative EM-523 is a potent motilin agonist in man and in rabbit","volume":"11","author":"Depoortere, I.; Peeters, T.L.; Vantrappen, G.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Depoortere I, Peeters TL, Vantrappen G. The erythromycin derivative EM-523 is a potent motilin agonist in man and in rabbit. Peptides 1990; 11: 515-9.","journal-title":"Peptides"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1941","DOI":"10.1021\/jm00394a001","article-title":"Macrolides with gastrointestinal motor stimulating activity","volume":"30","author":"Omura, S.; Tsuzuki, K.; Sunazuka, T.; Marui, S.; Toyoda, H.; Inatomi, N.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Omura S, Tsuzuki K, Sunazuka T, Marui S, Toyoda H, Inatomi N, et al. Macrolides with gastrointestinal motor stimulating activity. J Med Chem 1987; 30: 1941-3.","journal-title":"J Med Chem"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00168611","article-title":"Ca2+ dependence of motilide-induced contractions in rabbit duodenal muscle strips in vitro","volume":"343","author":"Peeters, T.L.; Matthiis, G.; Vantrappen, G.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Peeters TL, Matthiis G, Vantrappen G. Ca2+ dependence of motilide-induced contractions in rabbit duodenal muscle strips in vitro. 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Journal of Gastrointestinal Motility 1989; 1: 150-9.","journal-title":"Journal of Gastrointestinal Motility"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-0115(88)90025-0","article-title":"Comparison of motilin binding to crude homogenates of human and canine gastrointestinal smooth muscle tissue","volume":"23","author":"Peeters, T.L.; Bormans, V.; Vantrappen, G.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Peeters TL, Bormans V, Vantrappen G. Comparison of motilin binding to crude homogenates of human and canine gastrointestinal smooth muscle tissue. Regul Pept 1988; 23: 171-82.","journal-title":"Regul Pept"},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"1232","article-title":"Does erythromycin enhance gastric emptying in patients with a vagotomy and antrectomy?","volume":"99","author":"Ramirez, B.; Sninsky, C.A.; Drane, W.E.; Eaker, E.Y.; Hocking, M.M.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Ramirez B, Sninsky CA, Drane WE, Eaker EY, Hocking MM. Does erythromycin enhance gastric emptying in patients with a vagotomy and antrectomy? [Abstract]. Gastroenterology 1990; 99: 1232."},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"385","article-title":"Acute and chronic treatment of gastroparesis with erythromycin","volume":"98","author":"Richards, R.D.; Davenport, K.G.; Hurm, K.D.; Wimbish, W.R.; McCallum, R.W.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Richards RD, Davenport KG, Hurm KD, Wimbish WR, McCallum RW. Acute and chronic treatment of gastroparesis with erythromycin [Abstract]. Gastroenterology 1990; 98: A385."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199004123221502","article-title":"Improvement of gastric emptying in diabetic gastroparesis by erythromycin. Preliminary studies","volume":"322","author":"Janssens, J.; Peeters, T.L.; Vantrappen, G.; Tack, J.; Urbain, J.L.; De Roo, M.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Janssens J, Peeters TL, Vantrappen G, Tack J, Urbain JL, De Roo M, et al. 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Gastroenterology 1987; 92: 1000-6.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1002\/1098-108X(199203)11:2<163::AID-EAT2260110207>3.0.CO;2-R","article-title":"Abatzi Th-A. Primary anorexia nervosa: gastric emptying and antral motor activity in 53 patients","volume":"11","author":"Stacher, G.; Bergmann, H.; Wiesnagrotzki, S.; Steiner-Mittelbach, G.; Kiss, A.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Stacher G, Bergmann H, Wiesnagrotzki S, Steiner-Mittelbach G, Kiss A, Abatzi Th-A. Primary anorexia nervosa: gastric emptying and antral motor activity in 53 patients. International Journal ofEating Disorders 1992; 11: 163-72.","journal-title":"International Journal ofEating Disorders"},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"67","article-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"Association, American Psychiatric","year":"1987","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 3rd ed. Revised. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association, 1987: 67-9.","edition":"3rd ed"},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"233","article-title":"A radioisotope method to quantify the function of fundus, antrum, and their contractile activity in gastric emptying of a semisolid meal","volume-title":"Motility of the digestive tract","author":"Jacobs, F.; Akkermans, L.M.A.; Yoe, Oei Hong; Hoekstra, A.; Wittebol, P.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Jacobs F, Akkermans LMA, Oei Hong Yoe, Hoekstra A, Wittebol P. A radioisotope method to quantify the function of fundus, antrum, and their contractile activity in gastric emptying of a semisolid meal. In: Wienbeck M, ed. Motility of the digestive tract. New York: Raven Press, 1982: 233-40."},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"883","article-title":"Effects of meal size and correction technique on gastric emptying time: studies with two tracers and opposed detectors","volume":"21","author":"Christian, P.E.; Moore, J.G.; Sorenson, J.A.; Coleman, R.E.; Weich, D.M.","year":"1980","unstructured":"Christian PE, Moore JG, Sorenson JA, Coleman RE, Weich DM. Effects of meal size and correction technique on gastric emptying time: studies with two tracers and opposed detectors. J Nucl Med 1980; 21: 883-5.","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"371","article-title":"Rotation to simple structure in factor analysis of dynamic radionuclide studies","volume":"32","author":"Samal, M.; Karny, M.; Surova, H.; Marikova, E.; Dienstbier, Z.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Samal M, Karny M, Surova H, Marikova E, Dienstbier Z. Rotation to simple structure in factor analysis of dynamic radionuclide studies. PhysMedBiol 1987; 32: 371-82.","journal-title":"PhysMedBiol"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/25\/2\/008","article-title":"The use of principal components in the quantitative analysis of gamma camera dynamic studies","volume":"25","author":"Barber, D.C.","year":"1980","unstructured":"Barber DC. The use of principal components in the quantitative analysis of gamma camera dynamic studies. Phys Med Biol 1980; 25: 283-92.","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/34\/2\/006","article-title":"On the existence of an unambiguous solution in factor analysis of dynamic studies","volume":"34","author":"Samal, M.; Karny, M.; Surova, H.; Penicka, P.; Maricova, E.; Dienstbier, Z.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Samal M, Karny M, Surova H, Penicka P, Maricova E, Dienstbier Z. On the existence of an unambiguous solution in factor analysis of dynamic studies. Phys Med Biol 1989; 34: 223-8.","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-6111(89)90285-1","article-title":"ANALYZE: a comprehensive, operatorinteractive software package for multidimensional medical image display and analysis","volume":"13","author":"Robb, R.A.; Hanson, D.P.; Karwoski, R.A.; Larson, A.G.; Workman, E.L.; Stacy, M.C.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Robb RA, Hanson DP, Karwoski RA, Larson AG, Workman EL, Stacy MC. ANALYZE: a comprehensive, operatorinteractive software package for multidimensional medical image display and analysis. Comput Imaging Graph 1989; 13: 433-54.","journal-title":"Comput Imaging Graph"},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"835","article-title":"Radiation dose estimates for oral agents used in upper gastrointestinal disease","volume":"24","author":"Siegel, J.A.; Wu, R.K.; Knight, L.C.; Zelac, R.E.; Stern, H.S.; Malmud, L.S.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Siegel JA, Wu RK, Knight LC, Zelac RE, Stern HS, Malmud LS. Radiation dose estimates for oral agents used in upper gastrointestinal disease. J Nucl Med 1983; 24: 835-7.","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"1468","article-title":"Disorders of gastric emptying in humans and the use of radionuclide techniques","volume":"145","author":"Horowitz, M.; Collins, P.J.; Shearman, D.J.C.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Horowitz M, Collins PJ, Shearman DJC. Disorders of gastric emptying in humans and the use of radionuclide techniques. 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Gastroenterology 1991; 101: 1488-96."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.1991.tb00043.x","article-title":"Response of the human gastrointestinal tract to erythromycin","volume":"3","author":"XY, Zara G.-P.Qin; M-A, Pilot; H, Thompson; J, Maskell","year":"1991","unstructured":"Zara G-P. Qin XY, Pilot M-A, Thompson H, Maskell J. Response of the human gastrointestinal tract to erythromycin. Journal of Gastrointestinal Motility 1991; 3: 26-31.","journal-title":"Journal of Gastrointestinal Motility"},{"key":"ref_34","first-page":"883","article-title":"Motor patterns associated with the gastrointestinal side effects","volume-title":"of erythromycin [Abstract]. Gastroenterology 1988; 95","author":"Otterson, M.F.; Sarna, S.K.","unstructured":"Otterson MF, Sarna SK. Motor patterns associated with the gastrointestinal side effects of erythromycin [Abstract]. 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