{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T09:40:21Z","timestamp":1790502021228,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gut"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Helicobacter pylori infection increases the serum concentration of gastrin, and this may be one of the mechanisms by which it predisposes to duodenal ulceration. Different forms of circulating gastrin were studied both basally and postprandially in 13 duodenal ulcer patients before and one month after eradication of H pylori. Three antisera that are specific for particular regions of the gastrin molecules were used. Gel chromatography indicated that &gt; 90% of the circulating gastrin consisted of gastrin (G) 17 and G34 both before and after eradicating the infection. The basal median total immunoreactive gastrin concentration fell from 26 pmol\/l (range 11-43) to 19 pmol\/l (8-39) (p &lt; 0.05), entirely because of a fall in G17 from 6 pmol\/l (&lt; 2.4-25) to &lt; 2.4 pmol\/l (&lt; 2.4-23) (p &lt; 0.001). The median (range) basal G34 values were similar before (15 pmol (2-36)) and after (10 pmol (2-30)) eradication. The median total immunoreactive gastrin concentration determined 20 minutes postprandially fell from 59 pmol\/l (38-114) to 33 pmol\/l (19-88) (p &lt; 0.005), and again this was entirely the result of a fall in G17 from 43 pmol\/l (9-95) to 17 pmol\/l (&lt; 2.4-52) (p &lt; 0.001). The median postprandial G34 values were similar before (13 pmol\/l, range 6-42) and after (15 pmol\/l, range 6-30) eradication. Eating stimulated a noticeable rise in G17 but little change in G34, both in the presence and absence of H pylori. The finding that H pylori infection selectively increases G17 explains why the infection causes mainly postprandial hypergastrinaemia. G17 is increased selectively because H pylori predominantly affects the antral mucosa which is the main source of G17 whereas G34 is mainly duodenal in origin. This study also indicates that the increased concentration of gastrin in H pylori infection is the result of an increase in one of the main biologically active forms of the hormone.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.34.6.757","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,18]],"date-time":"2007-09-18T17:41:31Z","timestamp":1190137291000},"page":"757-761","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["Helicobacter pylori related hypergastrinaemia is the result of a selective increase in gastrin 17."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"G","family":"Mulholland","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J E","family":"Ardill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D","family":"Fillmore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R S","family":"Chittajallu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G M","family":"Fullarton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K E","family":"McColl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1993,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"690","article-title":"Amoxycillin plus tinidazole for Campylobacter pylori gastritis in children: assessment by serum IgG antibody, pepsinogen I, and gastrin levels","volume":"i:","author":"Oderda, G.; Vaira, D.; Holton, J.; Ainley, C.; Altare, F.; Ansaldi, N.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Oderda G, Vaira D, Holton J, Ainley C, Altare F, Ansaldi N. Amoxycillin plus tinidazole for Campylobacter pylori gastritis in children: assessment by serum IgG antibody, pepsinogen I, and gastrin levels. Lancet 1989; i: 690-2.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1504","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.299.6714.1504","article-title":"Antral Helicobacter pylori, hypergastrinaemia and duodenal ulcers: effect of eradicating the organism","volume":"299","author":"Levi, S.; Bearsdhall, K.; Swift, I.; Foulkes, W.; Playford, R.; Ghosh, P.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Levi S, Bearsdhall K, Swift I, Foulkes W, Playford R, Ghosh P, et al. Antral Helicobacter pylori, hypergastrinaemia and duodenal ulcers: effect of eradicating the organism. BMJ 1989; 299: 1504-5.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"339","article-title":"Plasma gastrin, daytime intragastric pH, and nocturnal acid output before and","volume-title":"months after eradication of Helicobacter pylori in duodenal ulcer subjects","volume":"3","author":"McColl, K.E.L.; Fullarton, G.M.; Chittajallu, R.; El Nujumi, A.M.; Macdonand, A.M.I.; Dahill, S.W.","year":"1991","unstructured":"McColl KEL, Fullarton GM, Chittajallu R, El Nujumi AM, Macdonand AMI, Dahill SW,et al. Plasma gastrin, daytime intragastric pH, and nocturnal acid output before and at 1 and 7 months after eradication of Helicobacter pylori in duodenal ulcer subjects. Scand J7 Gastroenterol 1991; 26 (no 3): 339-46."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"394","article-title":"Ablation of exaggerated meal-stimulated gastrin release in duodenal ulcer patients after clearance of Helicobacter (Campylobacter) pylori infection. 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Gut 1991; 32: 866-70.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1286","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.32.11.1286","article-title":"Is Helicobacter pylori associated hypergastrinaemia due to the bacterium's urease activity or the antral gastritis?","volume":"32","author":"Chittajallu, R.S.; Dorrian, C.A.; Neithercut, W.D.; Dahill, S.; McColl, K.E.L.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Chittajallu RS, Dorrian CA, Neithercut WD, Dahill S, McColl KEL. Is Helicobacter pylori associated hypergastrinaemia due to the bacterium's urease activity or the antral gastritis? Gut 1991; 32: 1286-90.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"1167","article-title":"Campylobacter pylori and duodenal ulcers: the gastrin link","volume":"i:","author":"Levi, S.; Beardshall, K.; Haddad, G.; Playford, R.; Ghosh, P.; Galam, J.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Levi S, Beardshall K, Haddad G, Playford R, Ghosh P, Galam J. Campylobacter pylori and duodenal ulcers: the gastrin link. Lancet 1989; i: 1167-8.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"1206","article-title":"Gastrin, gastric acid and pepsin responses during intragastric titration in duodenal ulcer patients; effect of suppressing Helicobacter pylori","volume":"32","author":"Moss, S.; Ayesa, K.; Li, S.K.; Calam, J.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Moss S, Ayesa K, Li SK, Calam J. Gastrin, gastric acid and pepsin responses during intragastric titration in duodenal ulcer patients; effect of suppressing Helicobacter pylori. Gut 1991; 32: A1206-7.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"364","article-title":"Three components of gastrin in serum","volume":"285","author":"Rehfeld, J.F.","year":"1972","unstructured":"Rehfeld JF. Three components of gastrin in serum. Biochim Biophys Acta 1972; 285: 364-72.","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(72)92151-4","article-title":"Isolation of two big gastrins from Zollinger Ellison tumour tissue","volume":"ii:","author":"Gregory, R.A.; Tracy, H.J.","year":"1972","unstructured":"Gregory RA, Tracy HJ. Isolation of two big gastrins from Zollinger Ellison tumour tissue. Lancet 1972; ii: 797-9.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.5.2.103","article-title":"The constitution and preparation of two gastrins extracted from hog antral mucosa","volume":"5","author":"Gregory, R.A.; Tracy, H.J.","year":"1964","unstructured":"Gregory RA, Tracy HJ. The constitution and preparation of two gastrins extracted from hog antral mucosa. 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Gastroenterology 1982; 82: 56-61."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.33.5.601","article-title":"Suppression of H pylon' reduces gastrin releasing peptide stimulation gastrin release in duodenal ulcer patients","volume":"33","author":"Beardshall, K.; Moss, S.; Gill, J.; Levi, S.; Ghosh, P.; Playford, R.J.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Beardshall K, Moss S, Gill J, Levi S, Ghosh P, Playford RJ, et al. Suppression of H pylon' reduces gastrin releasing peptide stimulation gastrin release in duodenal ulcer patients. Gut 1992; 33: 601-4.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"76","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori infection and gastrin release: mechanism and relevance","volume":"102","author":"Graham, D.Y.; Lew, G.M.; Go, M.F.; Genta, R.M.; Klein, P.D.; Rehfeld, J.F.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Graham DY, Lew GM, Go MF, Genta RM, Klein PD, Rehfeld JF. 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Gastroenterology 1982; 83: 233-39."},{"key":"ref_22","article-title":"Gastrointestinal hormones II. Gastrin cholecystokinin, and secretin","author":"Dockray, G.J.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Dockray GJ. Gastrointestinal hormones II. Gastrin cholecystokinin, and secretin. In: Gray CH, James VHT, eds. Hormones in blood, 3rd ed. London: Academic Press, 1979.","edition":"3rd ed"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2362.1980.tb00027.x","article-title":"Molecular forms of gastrin in peptic ulcer: comparison of serum and tissue concentrations of G-17 and G-34 in gastric and duodenal ulcer subjects","volume":"10","author":"Calam, J.; Dockray, G.J.; Walker, R.; Tracey, H.J.; Owens, D.","year":"1980","unstructured":"Calam J, Dockray GJ, Walker R, Tracey HJ, Owens D. Molecular forms of gastrin in peptic ulcer: comparison of serum and tissue concentrations of G-17 and G-34 in gastric and duodenal ulcer subjects. 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Mucosal gastrin concentration, molecular forms of gastrin, number and ultrastructure of G cells in patients with duodenal ulcer. Gut 1976;17: 745-54."},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"704","article-title":"Postprandial changes in serum concentrations of gastrin-17, gastrin-34, and total gastrin in patients with duodenal or gastric ulcers and in normal subjects","volume":"7","author":"Walker, K.; Pinchbeck, B.; Mahachai, V.; Simpson, I.; Kirkeikis, P.; Zuk, L.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Walker K, Pinchbeck B, Mahachai V, Simpson I, Kirkeikis P, Zuk L, et al. Postprandial changes in serum concentrations of gastrin-17, gastrin-34, and total gastrin in patients with duodenal or gastric ulcers and in normal subjects. 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Biomedical Res 1980; 1: 316-20."},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"21418","article-title":"Abnormal processing ofantral gastrin in the active duodenal ulcer","volume":"14","author":"Petersen, B.; Andersen, B.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Petersen B, Andersen B. Abnormal processing ofantral gastrin in the active duodenal ulcer. EurJ Clin Invest 1984; 14: 21418.","journal-title":"EurJ Clin Invest"},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"1284","article-title":"Similar acid stimulatory potencies of synthetic human big and little gastrins in man","author":"Eysselein, V.E.; Maxwell, V.; Reedy, T.; Wunsch, E.; Walsh, J.H.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Eysselein VE, Maxwell V, Reedy T, Wunsch E, Walsh JH. Similar acid stimulatory potencies of synthetic human big and little gastrins in man. J Clin Invest 1984; 73 (5): 1284-90.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"ref_32","first-page":"499","article-title":"Lowered gastrin and gastric acidity after eradication of campylobacter pylori in duodenal ulcer","volume":"ii:","author":"McColl, K.E.L.; Fullarton, G.M.; Nujumi, A.M.; Macdonald, A.M.; Brown, I.L.; Hilditch, T.E.","year":"1989","unstructured":"McColl KEL, Fullarton GM, Nujumi AM, Macdonald AM, Brown IL, Hilditch TE. Lowered gastrin and gastric acidity after eradication of campylobacter pylori in duodenal ulcer. Lancet 1989; ii: 499-500.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_33","article-title":"Effect of a Campylobacter pylori protein on acid secretion by parietal cells","author":"Cave, D.R.; Vargas, M.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Cave DR, Vargas M. Effect of a Campylobacter pylori protein on acid secretion by parietal cells. Lancet 1989; ii: 187.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.32.11.1415","article-title":"Acute Helicobacter pyloni infection: clinical features, local and systemic immune response, gastric mucosal histology, and gastric juice ascorbic acid concentrations","volume":"32","author":"Sobala, G.M.; Crabtree, J.E.; Dixon, M.F.; Schorah, C.J.; Taylor, J.D.; Rathbone, B.J.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Sobala GM, Crabtree JE, Dixon MF, Schorah CJ, Taylor JD, Rathbone BJ, et al. Acute Helicobacter pyloni infection: clinical features, local and systemic immune response, gastric mucosal histology, and gastric juice ascorbic acid concentrations. Gut 1991; 32: 1415-8.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_35","first-page":"857","article-title":"Effect of Helicobacter pyloni on parietal cell sensitivity so pentagastrin in duodenal ulcer subjects","volume":"27","author":"Chittajallu, R.S.; Howie, C.A.; McColl, K.E.L.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Chittajallu RS, Howie CA, McColl KEL. Effect of Helicobacter pyloni on parietal cell sensitivity so pentagastrin in duodenal ulcer subjects. ScandJ3 Gastroenterol 1992; 27: 857-62."}],"container-title":["Gut"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/gut.34.6.757","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]],"date-time":"2025-12-13T07:28:42Z","timestamp":1765610922000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/gut.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/gut.34.6.757"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1993,6]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1993,6,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/gut.34.6.757"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/gut.34.6.757","relation":{},"ISSN":["0017-5749","1468-3288"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0017-5749","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-3288","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1993,6]]}}}