{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T07:29:30Z","timestamp":1792740570900,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gut"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Peptide YY (PYY) and enteroglucagon are hormonal peptides found in endocrine cells of the distal intestinal mucosa. Although it is known that plasma concentrations of both peptides increase in response to feeding, the mechanism by which ingested food causes release of colonic hormones is not understood. The release of PYY and enteroglucagon was measured in response to intraluminal stimuli in 176 patients having investigative colonoscopy. Introduction of air, saline (isotonic and hypertonic), glucose (isotonic and hypertonic), oleic acid (without bile salts), and casein hydrolysate all failed to release PYY but glucose caused a small but significant increase in enteroglucagon concentrations. In contrast with the lack of effect of nutrients, infusion of deoxycholic acid produced a rapid and marked dose responsive increase in plasma PYY concentrations when introduced into the sigmoid colon. PYY release was statistically significant at doses between 3.3 mM to 30 mM; for example 10 mM deoxycholate caused a sixfold increase in plasma PYY concentrations. Infusion of 10 mM deoxycholate into the transverse colon or caecum produced an increase of PYY that was similar to the responses in the sigmoid colon. There was also a significant release of enteroglucagon in response to infusion of this bile salt into the sigmoid colon at doses between 3.3 mM and 30 mM. The enteroglucagon response to 10 mM deoxycholate was similar in all three colonic regions. When oleic acid was added to deoxycholate as an emulsion, the release of PYY and enteroglucagon was similar to that seen with the bile salt alone. These findings suggest that bile salts may play an important part in the control of colonic endocrine function and may explain the increased circulating concentrations of colonic regulatory peptides that are seen in malabsorption states and after small bowel resection in humans.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.34.9.1219","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,18]],"date-time":"2007-09-18T17:41:31Z","timestamp":1190137291000},"page":"1219-1224","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":101,"title":["Deoxycholate is an important releaser of peptide YY and enteroglucagon from the human colon."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"T E","family":"Adrian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G H","family":"Ballantyne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W E","family":"Longo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A J","family":"Bilchik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Graham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M D","family":"Basson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R P","family":"Tierney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I M","family":"Modlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1993,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"15","article-title":"Immunocytochemical identification of polypeptide YY (PYY) cells in the human gastrointestinal tract","volume":"77","author":"El-Sahly, M.; Grimelius, L.; Wilander, E.; Ryberg, B.; Terenius, L.; Lundberg, J.M.","year":"1980","unstructured":"El-Sahly M, Grimelius L, Wilander E, Ryberg B, Terenius L, Lundberg JM, et al. Immunocytochemical identification of polypeptide YY (PYY) cells in the human gastrointestinal tract. Histochemistry 1980; 77: 15-23.","journal-title":"Histochemistry"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.3109\/00365527109179946","article-title":"Immunofluorescent localisation of secretin and enteroglucagon in human intestinal mucosa","volume":"6","author":"Polak, J.M.; Coulling, I.; Bloom, SR, Pearse; A.G.E.","year":"1971","unstructured":"Polak JM, Coulling I, Bloom SR, Pearse AGE. Immunofluorescent localisation of secretin and enteroglucagon in human intestinal mucosa. Scand J Gastroenterol 1971; 6: 739-44.","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00495439","article-title":"Peptide YY (PYY) immunoreactivity is co-stored with glucagon related immunoreactants in endocrine cells of the gut and pancreas","volume":"80","author":"Ali-Rachedi, A.; Varndell, I.M.; Adrian, T.E.; Gapp, D.A.; Van Noorden, S.; Bloom, SR","year":"1984","unstructured":"Ali-Rachedi A, Varndell IM, Adrian TE, Gapp DA, Van Noorden S, Bloom SR, et al. Peptide YY (PYY) immunoreactivity is co-stored with glucagon related immunoreactants in endocrine cells of the gut and pancreas. Histochemistry 1984; 80: 487-91.","journal-title":"Histochemistry"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-0115(84)90034-X","article-title":"Coexistence of peptide YY and glicentin immunoreactivity in endocrine cells of the gut","volume":"8","author":"Bottcher, G.; Sjolund, K.; Ekblad, E.; Hakanson, R.; Schwartz, T.W.; Sundler, F.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Bottcher G, Sjolund K, Ekblad E, Hakanson R, Schwartz TW, Sundler F. Coexistence of peptide YY and glicentin immunoreactivity in endocrine cells of the gut. Regul Pept 1984; 8: 261-6.","journal-title":"Regul Pept"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-0115(86)90046-7","article-title":"Co-existence of glicentin and peptide YY in colorectal L-cells in cat and man. An electromicroscopic study","volume":"13","author":"Bottcher, G.; Alumets, J.; Hakanson, R.; Sundler, F.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Bottcher G, Alumets J, Hakanson R, Sundler F. Co-existence of glicentin and peptide YY in colorectal L-cells in cat and man. An electromicroscopic study. Regul Pept 1986; 13: 283-91.","journal-title":"Regul Pept"},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"345","article-title":"Pancreatic preproglucagon cDNA contains two glucagon-related coding sequences","volume-title":"arranged in tandem. Proc Natl Acad Sci","volume":"79","author":"Lund, P.K.; Goodman, R.H.; Dee, P.C.; Habener, J.F.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Lund PK, Goodman RH, Dee PC, Habener JF. Pancreatic preproglucagon cDNA contains two glucagon-related coding sequences arranged in tandem. 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Human distribution and release of a putative new gut hormone, peptide YY. Gastroenterology 1985; 89: 1070-7."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-57-3-488","article-title":"Molecular forms of human enteroglucagon in tissue and plasma: Plasma responses to nutrient stimuli in health and in disorders of the upper gastrointestinal tract","volume":"57","author":"Ghatei, M.A.; Utttenthal, L.O.; Christofides, N.D.; Bryant, M.G.; Bloom, SR","year":"1983","unstructured":"Ghatei MA, Utttenthal LO, Christofides ND, Bryant MG, Bloom SR. Molecular forms of human enteroglucagon in tissue and plasma: Plasma responses to nutrient stimuli in health and in disorders of the upper gastrointestinal tract. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1983; 57: 488-95.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"745","article-title":"Regional distribution and release of peptide YY with fatty acids of different chain length","volume":"249","author":"Aponte, G.W.; Fink, A.S.; Meyer, J.H.; Tatemoto, K.; Taylor, I.L.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Aponte GW, Fink AS, Meyer JH, Tatemoto K, Taylor IL. Regional distribution and release of peptide YY with fatty acids of different chain length. Am J Physiol 1985; 249: G745-50.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"1386","article-title":"Peptide YY release by fatty acids is sufficient to inhibit gastric emptying","volume-title":"dogs. Gastroenterology 1986; 91","author":"Pappas, T.N.; Debas, H.T.; Chang, A.M.; Taylor, I.L.","unstructured":"Pappas TN, Debas HT, Chang AM, Taylor IL. Peptide YY release by fatty acids is sufficient to inhibit gastric emptying in dogs. 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Gastroenterology 1986; 90","author":"Adrian, T.E.; Savage, A.P.; Bacarase-Hamilton, A.J.; Wolfe, K.; Besterman, H.S.; Bloom, SR","unstructured":"Adrian TE, Savage AP, Bacarase-Hamilton AJ, Wolfe K, Besterman HS, Bloom SR. Peptide YY abnormalities in gastrointestinal diseases. Gastroenterology 1986; 90: 379-84."},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"715","article-title":"Release of peptide YY (PYY) after resection of small bowel, colon or pancreas in man","volume":"101","author":"Adrian, T.E.; Savage, A.P.; Fuessl, H.S.; Wolfe, K.; Besterman, H.S.; Bloom, SR","year":"1986","unstructured":"Adrian TE, Savage AP, Fuessl HS, Wolfe K, Besterman HS, Bloom SR. Release of peptide YY (PYY) after resection of small bowel, colon or pancreas in man. Surgery 1986; 101: 715-9.","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"4471","article-title":"Localization of peptide YY (PYY) in gastrointestinal endocrine cells and effects on blood","volume-title":"flow and motility. 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Castroenterology 1985; 89: 494-9.","journal-title":"Castroenterology"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.28.2.166","article-title":"Effects of peptide YY (PYY) on mouth to caecum intestinal transit time and on the rate of gastric emptying in healthy volunteers","volume":"28","author":"Savage, A.P.; Adrian, T.B.; Carolan, G.; Chatterjee, V.K.; Bloom, SR","year":"1987","unstructured":"Savage AP, Adrian TB, Carolan G, Chatterjee VK, Bloom SR. Effects of peptide YY (PYY) on mouth to caecum intestinal transit time and on the rate of gastric emptying in healthy volunteers. Gut 1987; 28: 166-70.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"1387","article-title":"Peptide YY: metabolism and effect on pancreatic","volume-title":"secretion in dogs. Gastroenterology 1985; 89","author":"Pappas, T.N.; Dedas, H.T.; Taylor, I.L.","unstructured":"Pappas TN, Dedas HT, Taylor IL. Peptide YY: metabolism and effect on pancreatic secretion in dogs. Gastroenterology 1985; 89: 1387-92."},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"114","article-title":"Inhibition of interdigestive contractile activity in the stomach by peptide YY","volume-title":"Heidenhain pouch dogs. Gastroenterology 1983; 85","author":"Suzuki, T.; Nakaya, M.; Itoh, Z.; Tatemoto, K.; Mutt, V.","unstructured":"Suzuki T, Nakaya M, Itoh Z, Tatemoto K, Mutt V. Inhibition of interdigestive contractile activity in the stomach by peptide YY in Heidenhain pouch dogs. Gastroenterology 1983; 85: 114-21."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1761","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-125-4-1761","article-title":"A comparison of intraduodenally and intracolonically administered nutrients on the release of peptideYY in the dog","volume":"125","author":"Greeley, G.H.; Hashimoto, T.; Izukura, M.; Gomez, G.; Jeng, J.; Hill, F.L.C.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Greeley GH, Hashimoto T, Izukura M, Gomez G, Jeng J, Hill FLC, et al. 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Gastroenterology 1990; 98: 111-6.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"715","article-title":"Deoxycholate stimulated release of peptide YY from the isolated perfused rabbit colon: a specific and non-neurally mediated mechanism","volume":"257","author":"Ballantyne, G.H.; Longo, W.E.; Adrian, T.E.; Vukasin, A.; Bilchik, A.J.; Modlin, I.M.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Ballantyne GH, Longo WE, Adrian TE, Vukasin A, Bilchik AJ, Modlin IM. Deoxycholate stimulated release of peptide YY from the isolated perfused rabbit colon: a specific and non-neurally mediated mechanism. AmJ Physiol 1989; 257: G715-24.","journal-title":"AmJ Physiol"},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"68","article-title":"The importance of the ratio of lithocholic to deoxycholic acid in large bowel carcinogenesis","volume":"9","author":"Owen, R.W.; Thompson, M.H.; Hill, M.J.; Wilpart, M.; Mainguet, P.; Roberfroid, M.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Owen RW, Thompson MH, Hill MJ, Wilpart M, Mainguet P, Roberfroid M. The importance of the ratio of lithocholic to deoxycholic acid in large bowel carcinogenesis. Nutr Cancer 1987; 9:68-70.","journal-title":"Nutr Cancer"},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"902","article-title":"Evidence for a humoral mechanism after small intestinal resection","volume-title":"Gastroenterology 1983; 84","author":"Sagor, G.R.; Ghatei, M.A.; Al-Mukhtar, M.Y.T.; Wright, N.A.; Bloom, SR","unstructured":"Sagor GR, Ghatei MA, Al-Mukhtar MYT, Wright NA, Bloom SR. Evidence for a humoral mechanism after small intestinal resection. Gastroenterology 1983; 84: 902-6."}],"container-title":["Gut"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/gut.34.9.1219","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]],"date-time":"2025-12-13T05:34:11Z","timestamp":1765604051000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/gut.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/gut.34.9.1219"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1993,9]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1993,9,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/gut.34.9.1219"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/gut.34.9.1219","relation":{},"ISSN":["0017-5749","1468-3288"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0017-5749","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-3288","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1993,9]]}}}